园艺专业英语考试资料

China'sCheeseMarketResearchReportThereportmainlyresearchesonthemarketstatusandforeseeablefuturetrendofcreamcheese,cheddarCheeseandMozzarellacheese,butmorethanthat.Thedatacitedinthereportnotonlyincludesdomesticandforeignofficialinformation,butalsotheinformationachievedthroughon-the-spotinvestigationbyresearchers.Theresearchmethodcombinesdeskstudyandon-the-spotinvestigationwhichconsistsofon-sitevisitandtelephoneinterview.Wemakein-depthvisitonstarlevelhotelsandrestaurants,foodproductionandprocessingenterpriseswithcheeseasingredient,foodchain,cheeseimportersanddealers,naturalcheeseandprocessedcheesemanufacturersandrelatedindustrialinstitutes.ThereportcontainstheoveralldevelopmentstatusofChina'cheeseindustry,policyenvironment,technologicalenvironment,importandexport,basicmarketstructure,cheese(mainlyoncreamcheese,cheddarCheeseandMozzarellacheese)marketcapacityandgrowthtrend,consumption,competitionstructure,developmenttendencyandconditionsofkeycheeseproductionenterprises.WrotebyseniorresearcherwhoisfamiliarwithChinesedairyindustrychainandworlddairyindustry,thereportwillbeanimportantreferencetodomesticandforeigndairyproductscompanieswhowanttoexpandtheirmarketshareinChina,investmentorganizationsandotherrelatedresearchers.NutGrowersinTurkeyIntroductionCrudeOilProductioninTurkeyindustryprofileprovidestop-linequalitativeandquantitativesummaryinformationincluding:marketsize(valueandvolume2006-10,andforecastto2015).Theprofilealsocontainsdescriptionsoftheleadingplayersincludingkeyfinancialmetricsandanalysisofcompetitivepressureswithinthemarket.Essentialresourcefortop-linedataandanalysiscoveringtheTurkeycrudeoilproductionmarket.Includesmarketsizedata,textualandgraphicalanalysisofmarketgrowthtrends,leadingcompaniesandmacroeconomicinformation.Highlights*Thecrudeoilproductionindustrymeasurescrudeoilproductioninrespectivecountries/regions.Themarketvaluesarecalculatedusingregionalspotoilpricesaveragedoverthewholeyear.Asoilmarketsareexperiencingaperiodofpricevolatility,futuretrendsaredifficulttopredict;thustheforecastsgiveninthisreportareonlygivenasanindicationofthemarket'spossiblefuturegrowth.Allcurrencyconversionsusedintheproductionofthisreporthavebeencalculatedusingconstant2010annualaverageexchangerates.*TheTurkishcrudeoilproductionindustryhadatotalrevenueof$1.4billionin2010,representingacompoundannualgrowthrate(CAGR)of8.7%fortheperiodspanning2006-2010.*IndustryconsumptionvolumesincreasedwithaCAGRof2.6%between2006and2010,toreachatotalof17.1millionbarrelsin2010.*Theperformanceoftheindustryisforecasttodecelerate,withananticipatedCAGRof2.3%forthefive-yearperiod2010-2015,whichisexpectedtodrivetheindustrytoavalueof$1.6billionbytheendof2015.FeaturesSavetimecarryingoutentry-levelresearchbyidentifyingthesize,growth,andleadingplayersinthecrudeoilproductionmarketinTurkeyUsetheFiveForcesanalysistodeterminethecompetitiveintensityandthereforeattractivenessofthecrudeoilproductionmarketinTurkeyLeadingcompanyprofilesrevealdetailsofkeycrudeoilproductionmarketplayersglobaloperationsandfinancialperformanceAddweighttopresentationsandpitchesbyunderstandingthefuturegrowthprospectsoftheTurkeycrudeoilproductionmarketwithfiveyearforecastsbybothvalueandvolumeMacroeconomicindicatorsprovideinsightintogeneraltrendswithintheTurkeyeconomyCerealCropsinTaiwanIntroductionCerealCropsinTaiwanindustryprofileprovidestop-linequalitativeandquantitativesummaryinformationincluding:marketsize(valueandvolume2006-10,andforecastto2015).Theprofilealsocontainsdescriptionsoftheleadingplayersincludingkeyfinancialmetricsandanalysisofcompetitivepressureswithinthemarket.Essentialresourcefortop-linedataandanalysiscoveringtheTaiwancerealcropsmarket.Includesmarketsizeandsegmentationdata,textualandgraphicalanalysisofmarketgrowthtrends,leadingcompaniesandmacroeconomicinformation.Highlights*Thecerealcropsindustryisbrokendownintothreesegments:wheat,coarsegrains(barley,oats,sorghumandothercoarsegrains),andrice.Themarketvolumesreflectconsumptionineachcountry,calculatedonthebasisofproductionplusimportsminusexports.Cerealcropsarevaluedatproducerprices.Allcurrencyconversionsusedintheproductionofthisreporthavebeencalculatedusingconstant2010annualaverageexchangerates.*TheTaiwanesecerealcropsindustryhadtotalrevenueof$3.6billionin2010,representingacompoundannualrateofchange(CARC)of-6.5%fortheperiodspanning2006-2010.*IndustryproductionvolumesdecreasedwithaCARCof-3.7%between2006-2010,toreachatotalof6.8milliontonsin2010.*Theperformanceoftheindustryisforecasttodeclinefurtherbutatthelowerpace,withananticipatedCARCof-1.7%forthefive-yearperiod2010-2015,whichisexpectedtodrivetheindustrytoavalueof$3.3billionbytheendof2015FeaturesSavetimecarryingoutentry-levelresearchbyidentifyingthesize,growth,majorsegments,andleadingplayersinthecerealcropsmarketinTaiwanUsetheFiveForcesanalysistodeterminethecompetitiveintensityandthereforeattractivenessofthecerealcropsmarketinTaiwanLeadingcompanyprofilesrevealdetailsofkeycerealcropsmarketplayers'globaloperationsfinancialperformanceAddweighttopresentationsandpitchesbyunderstandingthefuturegrowthprospectsoftheTaiwancerealcropsmarketwithfiveyearforecastsbybothvalueandvolumeMacroeconomicindicatorsprovideinsightintogeneraltrendswithintheTaiwaneconomyCerealCropsinJapan摘要IntroductionCerealCropsinJapanindustryprofileprovidestop-linequalitativeandquantitativesummaryinformationincluding:marketsize（valueandvolume2006-10,andforecastto2015）.Theprofilealsocontainsdescriptionsoftheleadingplayersincludingkeyfinancialmetricsandanalysisofcompetitivepressureswithinthemarket.Essentialresourcefortop-linedataandanalysiscoveringtheJapancerealcropsmarket.Includesmarketsizeandsegmentationdata,textualandgraphicalanalysisofmarketgrowthtrends,leadingcompaniesandmacroeconomicinformation.Highlights*Thecerealcropsindustryisbrokendownintothreesegments:wheat,coarsegrains（barley,oats,sorghumandothercoarsegrains）,andrice.Themarketvolumesreflectconsumptionineachcountry,calculatedonthebasisofproductionplusimportsminusexports.Cerealcropsarevaluedatproducerprices.Allcurrencyconversionsusedintheproductionofthisreporthavebeencalculatedusingconstant2010annualaverageexchangerates.*TheJapanesecerealcropsindustryhadtotalrevenueof$45.8billionin2010,representingacompoundannualrateofchange（CARC）of-3.9%fortheperiodspanning2006-2010.*IndustryproductionvolumesdecreasedwithaCARCof-1.1%between2006-2010,toreachatotalof33.9milliontonsin2010.*Theperformanceoftheindustryisforecasttoaccelerate,withananticipatedCARCof-2.2%forthefive-yearperiod2010-2015,whichisexpectedtodrivetheindustrytoavalueof$41.1billionbytheendof2015.FeaturesSavetimecarryingoutentry-levelresearchbyidentifyingthesize,growth,majorsegments,andleadingplayersinthecerealcropsmarketinJapanUsetheFiveForcesanalysistodeterminethecompetitiveintensityandthereforeattractivenessofthecerealcropsmarketinJapanLeadingcompanyprofilesrevealdetailsofkeycerealcropsmarketplayers'globaloperationsfinancialperformanceAddweighttopresentationsandpitchesbyunderstandingthefuturegrowthprospectsoftheJapancerealcropsmarketwithfiveyearforecastsbybothvalueandvolumeMacroeconomicindicatorsprovideinsightintogeneraltrendswithintheJapaneconomy岩棉块有结构稳定、匀质性好、无毒、化学性稳定的特性，其作为无土栽培基质在过去的十几年间发展速度很快。Therock-woolslabs（板子）thathaveastablestructure,arehomogeneous（均匀的）,sterile（贫瘠的）andchemicallyinert（无效的）.Theuseofrock-Woolasagrowthsubstrate（基质）hasgrownataveryfastrateduringthelastdecade.NaturalPollinationBumblebees（大黄蜂）flyfromflowertoflowerandcarrypollen（花粉）.Theseblack-yellowstriped（有条纹的）insectswithawhiteoroff-whiteabdomen（腹部）tipandthick（厚的）hairy（多毛的）coatperformpollination（授粉）inanincreasingnumberofglasshousesandorchards（果园）.Naturalpollinationhasgreatadvantagesovermechanical（机械）pollination.Itsavesworkandtimeandgivessuperior（优异的）results.Bumblebeesvisit10-20flowersaminuteduringaflight.Theirsizeandbuildisideally（理想的）adaptedtogivethemexcellentcontactwiththestigmas（柱头）andstamens（雄蕊）.Asnaturalpollinatorsbumblebeesareunrivalled（无以伦比的）.Theyarebotheffectiveandsystematic.Theyshowlesssensitivitytounfavorableclimaticconditions（lowtemperature,lowlightintensity）thanotherbees.Itislittlewonderthereforethatinthepastfewyears,theuseofbumblebeesasnaturalpollinatorsofvegetablesandfruithasboomed.Thedevelopmentofnaturalpollinationranparallelwith（与...相比较）thatofbiologicalcropprotection,foronlyinaclean,pesticide-freeenvironmentcansensitivebumble-beesthrive.大黄蜂飞在花丛和携带花粉。这些黑黄条纹昆虫与白色或类白色腹部尖端和厚毛大衣完成授粉在越来越多的温室和果园。自然授粉具有很大的优势比起机械授粉.自然授粉省工作和时间，提供优异的业绩。大黄蜂飞行一次经过10-20朵在一分钟他们的大小和体格是理想的调整给他们良好的接触与柱头和雄蕊。作为自然授粉的大黄蜂是无以伦比的。他们都是有效的、系统的。他们表现不太敏感的不利气候条件（低温、低光照强度）比其他蜜蜂。也难怪，因此在过去的几年里，大黄蜂的使用自然授粉者的蔬菜和水果蓬勃发展。发展天然授粉平行运行，生物作物保护，只有在一个干净，无农药的环境敏感的大黄蜂茁壮成长SoilPhysicalProperties（土壤的物理性质）Thesoilisathree-phasesysteM三相系）,thatconsistsofsolidparticles固相颗粒（thesoilmatrix土壤基质）andvoids（孑L隙率）（thesoilpores气孑L）,thatmayeitherbefilledwithwaterorwithair.Hence（因止匕）,distinction（区另U）ismadebetweenasolid,aliquidandagaseousphase,respectively（分另U地；各自地，独自地）.Thedistribution（分布）betweenthethreephasesdependsonthecompositionof（组成的）thesolidphase,particularly（特另U地）ontheparticlesizedistribution（分布，分配）ofthesoil,whichisdenoted（表示）asthesoiltexture（土壤结构）.Therearethreeparticlesizeclassesdistinguished:<0.002,0.002-0.05and0.05-2mm,definedasclay（粘土）,silt,andsand,respectively（分另U的）.Theratio（比率）betweenthesefractions（分数；小部分，片段）classifiesthetexture（质地）ofthesoilofinterestaccordingtothetexturetriangle（土壤结构三角图）.Soilswithhighclaycontent（粘土含量）（containingmorethan40%particles<0.002mmdiameter直径）aremoredifficulttohandle,tendtoholdexcess（过剩的）wateranddrain（排水）slowly,andarethereforelesssuitableforgreenhouseculture.Ontheotherhand,sandysoils（containingmorethan90%particles>2mm）arelessfertile,havealowwatercapacity（含水量）andneedbetterfertilization（施月巴）andfrequentirrigation.Themostimportantsoilphysicalpropertyissoilstructure（土壤结构）,thisbeingthenatureandstabilityofthebondsbetweensoilparticles,causingaggregation（聚合）andlargesoilpores（气孔）.Goodandstablesoilstructureisenhancedbyorganicmatter（有机质）,whichshouldbeaddedtothesoilifnotpresentoriginally（最初）.Soiltextureandstructuredeterminetherateofwatermovementinthesoil,thewaterholdingcapacityandthedrainage.Soilswhichtendtodrainslowlyshowaeration（通气）problems,sincesoilporesfilledwithwaterprevent（妨碍）oxygendiffusion（传播）andtheuptakeofoxygenbyplantroots,necessaryforrespiration（呼吸作用）andionuptake（摄取）.Ifasoilhasseveredrainageproblems,artificialdrainage（人工排水）（requiringtheinstallationofdrainagepipesatadepthof60-100cm）isnecessary.Oneshouldbearinmind,however,thatartificial（人造的）drainagewouldremoveexcesswaterfromthesoilonlywhenthewatertableisclosetothesoilsurface,orwhenthepipesareinstalledinanimpermeable（不渗透性的）soilhorizonwhichcausesaperchedwatertable（滞水面）.LiquidSoillessCultureThenutrient—filmtechnique（NFT）（营养液膜技术）isthemostcommonlyusedliquidsysteminsoillessculture（无土栽培）.NFTgrowingsystemsconsistofaseriesofnarrowchannelsthroughwhichnutrientsolution（培养液）isre—circulated（反复循环）fromsupplytank（水槽）.Aplumbingsystem（管道设备）ofplastictubing（塑料管）andasubmersiblepump（潜水泵）inthetankarethebasiccomponents,（组件）.Thechannelsaregenerallyconstructedofopaqueplasticfilm（不透明塑料薄膜）orplasticpipe（管）；asphalt—coatedwood（涂上——层沥青的木头）andfiberglass（玻璃纤维）alsohavebeenused.ThebasiccharacteristicofallNFTsystemistheshallowdepthofsolution（溶液深度浅）thatismaintainedinthechannels.Flow（流量）isusuallycontinuous,butsometimessystemsareoperatedintermittently（间歇地）bysupplyingsolution（补充溶液）afewminuteseveryhour.Thepurposeofintermittentflowistoassureadequate（充足的）aeration（通气）oftherootsystem.Thisalsoreducestheenergyrequired;butunderrapidgrowthconditions.plantscouldexperiencewaterstress（水分月办迫）iftheflowperiodistooshortorinfrequent.Termittentflowmanagementseemsbetteradaptedtomild（温和的）temperatureperiodsortoplant