2020年12月英语四级真题及答案完整版

SectionDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreenewsreports.Attheendofeachnewsreport,youwillheartwoorthreequestions.Boththenewsreportandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion.youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B).C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughshecentre.Questions1and2arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.1.A)AdeadlyfishhasbeenspottedintheMediterraneanwaters.B)Invasivespeciesaredrivingawaycertainnativespecies.C)TheMediterraneanisanaturalhabitatofDevilFirefish.D)ManypeoplehavebeenattackedbyDevilFirefish.2.A)Itcouldaddtogreenhouseemissions.B)Itcoulddisruptthefoodchainsthere.C)Itcouldposeathreattoothermarinespecies.D)Itcouldbadlypollutethesurroundingwaters.C)Spendafewnightsonasmallisland.D)Sellthepearlhehadkeptforyears.Questions3and4arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.3.A)carswillnotbeallowedtoenterthecity.B)Abouthalfofitscitycenterwillbeclosedtocars.C)Buseswillbetheonlyvehiclesallowedonitsstreets.D)Pedestrianswillhavefreeaccesstothecity.4.A)TherisingairpollutioninParis.B)Theworseningglobalwarming.CTheever-growingcostofpetrol.D)Theunbearabletrafficnoise.Questions5to7arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.5.A)Manyofhispossessionswerestolen.B)Hishousewasburntdowninafire.C)Hisfishingboatgotwreckedonarock.D)Hisgoodluckcharmsankintothesea.6.A)Changehisfishinglocations.B)Findajobinatravelagency.C))SpendafewnightsonasmallislandD)Sellthepearlhehadkeptforyears7.A)ANewYearmuseumB)ThelargestpearlintheworldweighsC)Hismonstrouspearlwasextremelyvaluable.D)Hispearlcouldbedisplayedinamuseum.SectionDirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,youwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),CandD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions8to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.8.A)Itboastsafairlylonghistory.B)Itproducesconstructionmaterials.C)Ithas75officesaroundtheworld.D)Ithasover50businesspartners.9.A)Ithasabout50employees.B)Itwasstartedbyhisfather.C)Ithasafamilybusiness.D)Itisover100yearsold.10.A)Shortageofrawmaterialsupply.B)Legaldisputesinmanycountries.C)Outdatedproductdesign.D)Lossofcompetitiveedge.11.A)Conductingafinancialanalysisforit.B)Providingtrainingforitsstaffmembers.C)Seekingnewwaystoincreaseisexports.D)Introducinginnovativemarketingstrategies.Questions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.12.A)Sheisarealexpertathousedecorations.B)Sheiswellinformedaboutthedesignbusiness.C)Sheisattractedbythecolorofthesittingroom.D)Sheisreallyimpressedbytheman’shouse.13.A)FromhisyoungerbrotherGreg.B)Fromhomedesignmagazines.C)Fromaconstructionbusinessman.D)Fromaprofessionalinteriordesigner.14.A)Theeffortwasworthwhile.B)Thestylewasfashionable.C)Thecostwasaffordable.D)Theeftwasunexpected.15.A)She’dlikehimtotalkwithJonathanaboutanewproject.B)ShewantshimtosharehisrenovationexperiencewithherC)Shewantstodiscussthehousedecorationbudgetwithhim.D)She’dliketoshowhimaroundhernewly-renovatedhouse.SectionDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreepassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromtheyourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkhecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.16.A)Providingroutinecareforsmallchildren.B)Payinghospitalbillsforemergencycases.C)Doingresearchonear,noseandthroatdiseases.D)Removingobjectsfrompatients’nosesandears.17.A)Manychildrenliketosmellthingstheyfindorplaywith.B)Manychildrenliketoputforeignobjectsintheirmouths.C)Five-tonine-year-oldsarethemoslikelytoputthingsintheirears.D)Childrenagedonetofouraoftenmorecuriousthanolderchildren.18.A)Theytendtoactoutofimpulse.B)Theywanttoattractattentions.C)Theyareunawareofthepotentialrisks.D)Theyarecuriousaboutthesebodyparts.Questions19to21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.19.A)ItpaidforherEnglishlessons.B)Itgaveherausedbicycle.C)Itdeliveredherdailynecessities.D)Itprovidedherwithphysicaltherapy.20.A)Expandingbike-ridinglessons.B)Askinglocalpeoplefordonations.C)Providingfreepublictransport.D)Offeringwalkingtourstovisitors.21.A)Itisalanguageschool.B)Itisacharityorganization.C)Itisacounselingcenter.D)Itisasportsclub.Questions22to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.22.A)Howmiceimitatehumanbehavioraspace.B)Howlowgravityaffectsthehumanbody.C)Howmiceinteractinanewenvironment.D)Howanimalsdealwithlackofgravity.23.A)Theywerenotusetothelow-gravitycnvironment.B)Theyfounditdifficulttofigureoutwheretheywere.C)Theyfoundthespaceinthecagetoosmalltostayin.D)Theywerenotsensitivetothechangedenvironment.24.A)Theytriedeverythingpossibletoescapefromthecage.B)Theycontinuedtobehaveastheydidinthebeginning.SectionADaylastyear.HidalgoalsohassupportedaParisBreathesDay.OnthefirstSundayofeverymonth,Parisclearstrafficfromeightlanesofthemainroad.About400milesofstreetswillbeclosedtocars.Itisexpectedtobringsignificantreductioninpollutionlevels."Lastyear'scar-freedayshoweda40%dropinpollutionlevelsinsomepartsofthecity,accordingtoanindependentairpollutionmonitor",reportstheGuardian,"andsomelevelsdroppedby50%inthecitycentre.'Q3:WhatwillhappenonWorldCarFreeDayinParis?Q4:WhatmotivatedthemayorofParistopromotethefirstWorldCarFreeDayinhercity?Newsreport3APhilippinefishermanwasfeelingdownonhisluckwhenahousefireforcedhimtoclearouthispossessionsandchangelocations.Then,agoodluckcharmthathehadkeptunderhisbedchangedhislife.TheunidentifiedmanhadfishedoutagiantpearlfromtheoceanwhenhisanchorgotstuckontherockwhilesailingoffacoastalislandinthePhilippinestenyearsago.Whenhewasforcedtosellit,theshockedtouristagentatPuertoPrincescatoldhimthatthe77-poundgiantpearlthathehadkepthiddeninhisrundownwoodenhousewasthebiggestpearlintheworld,whichwasvaluedatf76million.ThepearlofAllah,whichiscurrentlyondisplayinaNewYorkmuseum,onlyweighs14pounds.Thatisfivetimessmallerthanthepearlthatthefishermanjusthandedin.Themonstrouspearl,measuredat1footwideand2.2feetlong,isgoingtobeverifiedbylocalexpertsandinternationalauthoritiesbeforehopefullygoingondisplaytoattractmoretouristsinthelittletown.O5:WhathappenedtothePhilippinefishermanoneday?Q6:Whatwasthefishermanforcedtodo?Q7:Whatdidthefishermanlearnfromthetouristagent?SectionLongconversation1WOMAN:Mr.Smith,It’sapleasuremeetingyou!Man:Nicetomeetyou,too.WhatcanIdoforyou?RemovingforeignobjectsfromearsandnosescostsEnglandalmostE3myear,astudysuggests.[Q16]Childrenwereresponsibleforthevastmajorityofcases-95%ofobjectsremovedfromnosesand85%fromears.Everyyear,anaverageof1,218noseand2,479earremovalstookplacebetween2010and2016.AccordingtoEngland'sHospitalEpisodeStatistics,childrenagedonetofourwerethemostlikelytoneedhelpfromdoctorsforaforeignobjectintheirnose.Fivetonineyearoldcometothehospitalwithsomethingintheirearthemost.Jewelryitemsaccountedforupto40%ofcasesinboththeearsandnosesofchildren.Paperandplastictoysweretheitemsremovednextmostfromnoses.Cottonbudsandpencilswerealsofoundinears.[Q17]Accordingtothestudy,theoccurrenceofforeignobjectsinchildrenisgenerallyattributedtocuriosityChildrenhaveanimpulsetoexploretheirnosesandears.Thisresultsintheaccidentalentryofforeignobjects.[Q18]Anyear,noseandthroatsurgeonhasmanyweirdstoriesaboutwonderfulobjectsfoundinthenosesandearsofchildrenandadults.Batteriescanposeaparticulardanger.Inallcases,preventionisbetterthancure.Thisiswhymanytoyscontainwarningsaboutsmallparts.Recognizingproblemsearlyandseekingmedicalattentionisimportant.Q16:WhatdoesEnglandspendanannualE3mon?Q17:WhatdowelearnfromEngland'sHospitalEpisodeStatistics?Q18:Whatisgenerallybelievedtoaccountforchildrenputtingthingsintheirearsornoses?PassageGoodmorning,I’dliketotalktoyouaboutmycharityReBicycle.Butbeforethat,letmeintroducesomeone.ThisisLeilaRahimi.ShewassoscaredwhenshefirstmovedtoNewZeal-andthatshestruggledtoleavethehouseandwouldspenddaysworkingupthecouragetowalktothesupermarketforbasicsupplies.Afterafewmonthsofbeingquitedownandunhappy,shewasinvitedtojoinalocalbikeclub.Atthistime,ReBicyclegotinvolvedandgaveLeilaasecond-handbicycle.[Q19]Inweeks,herdepressionhadbeguntoeaseasshecycled.Thebicycletotallychangedherlife,givingherhopeandatruefeelingoffreedom. ReadingComprehension H)outcome26.B27.G28.K29.L30.C31.H32.I33.D34.N35.O37.[H]Butthefactthat4in10Americanscan'tcomeupwith$400inanemergencyisacommonlycitedstatisticforgoodreason:economicinstabilitystretchesacrossrace,gender,andgeography.38.[M]AccordingtotheGeneralSocialSurvey,71percentofrespondentsbelievethecountryisspendingtoolittleon"assistancetothepoor."39.[J]TheFrameWorksInstitute,aresearchgroupthatfocusesonpublicframingofissues,hasstudiedwhatsustainsstereotypesandnarrativesofpovertyintheUnitedKingdom40.[D]lfthesearethecentralcharactersofourstoryaboutpoverty,whatlayersofperceptions,myths,andrealitiesmustweunearthtofindmeaningfulsolutionsandsupport?41.[F]HowmanyofusarepoorintheU.S.?42.[N]“Povertyhasbeeninterchangeablewithpeopleofcolor-specificallyblackwomenand”blackmothers,"saysAtkinsonofMotheringJustice.43.[1]Negativeimagesremainofwhoislivinginpovertyaswellaswhatisneededtomoveoutofit.44.[E]Thatcomment,saysMotheringJusticedirectorDan-ielleAtkinson,"wasmeanttoshame"45.[L]Thoseexternalfactorsincludethedifficultiesaccompanyinglow-wageworkorstructuraldiscriminationbasedonrace,gender,orability.SectionPassageQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Boredomhas,paradoxically,becomequiteinterestingtoacademicslately.InearlyMay.London'sBoringConferencecelebratedsevenyearsofdelightingindullness.Atthisevent.peopleflockedtotalksaboutweather,trafficjamsandvending-machinesounds.,amongothersleep-inducingtopicsWhat,exactly,iseverybodystudying?Onewidelyaccepteddefinitionofboredomis"thedistastefulexperienceofwanting,butbeingunable.toengageinsatisfyingactivity."Buthowcanyouquantifyaperson'sboredomlevelandcompareitwithsomeoneelse’s?In1986,psychologistsintroducedtheBoredomPronenessScale,designedtomeasureanindividual’soveralltendencytofeelboredBycontrast,theMulitidimensionalStateBoredomscale,developedin2008,measuresaperson’sfeelingsofboredominagivensituation. snacking.excessivedrinking,andandaddictivegambling.Infact,manyofuswouldchoosepainoveredom.Oneteamofpsychologistsdiscoveredthattwo-thirdsofmenandaquarterofwomenwouldratherself-administerelectricshocksthansitalonewiththeirthoughtsfor15minutes.Researchingthisphenomenon,anotherteamaskedvolunteerstowatchboring.sad,orncutarfilms,duringwhichtheycouldself-administerelccrieshocks,Theboredvolunteersshockedthemselvesmoreandharderthanthesadorneutralonesdid.Butboredomisn'tallbad.Byencouragingself-reflectionanddaydreaming.itcanspuractivity.Anearlystudygaveparticipantsabundanttimetocompleteproblem-solvingandword-associationexercises.Oncealltheobviousanswerswereexhausted,participantsgavemoreandmoreincentiveanswerstocombatboredom:ABritishstudytookthesefindingsonestepfurther,askingsubjectstocompleteacreativechallenge(comingupwithalistofalternativeusesforahouseholditem).Onegroupofsubjectsdidaboringactivityfirst.whiletheotherswentstraighttothecreativetask.Thosewhoseboredompumpshadbeenprimedweremoreprodue.Inouralwaysconnectedworld,boredommaybeahard-to-definestate,butitisafertileone,Watchpaintdryorwaterboil,oratleastputawayoursmartphoneforawhile,andyoumightunlockyournextbigidea.46.Whenarepeoplelikelytoexperienceboredom,accordingtoanacceptedpsychologicalnition?A)Whentheydon’thavethechancetodowhattheywant.B)Whentheydon’tenjoythematerialstheyarestudying.C)Whentheyexperiencesomethingunpleasant.D)Whentheyengageinsomeroutineactivities.47.Whatdoestheauthorsayboredomcanleadto?A)DeterminationB)MentaldeteriorationC)ConcentrationD)Harmfulconduct48.Whatisthefindingsofoneteamofpsychologistsintheirexperiment?A)Volunteerspreferwatchingaboringmovietosittingalonedeliberating.B)Manyvolunteerschoosetohurtthemselvesratherthanendureboredom.C)Malevolunteersarcmoreimmunetotheeffectsofboredomthanfemales.D)Manyvolunteersareunabletoresistboredomlongerthanfifteenminutes.49.Whydoestheauthorsayboredomisn’tallbad?A)Itstimulatesmemorization.B)Itmaypromotecreativethinking.C)Itallowstimeforrelaxation.D)Itmayfacilitateindependentlearning.50.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestsonedowhenfacedwithachallengingproblem?A)stopidlingandthinkbig.B)Unlockone’ssmartphone.C)Lookaroundoneselfforstimulation.D)Allowoneselfsometimetobebored.PassageQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.ForestsincountrieslikeBrazilandtheCongogetalotofattentionfromenvironmentalists,anditiseasytoseewhy.SouthAmericaandsub-SaharanAfricaareexperiencingdeforestationonanenormousscale:everyyearalmostsmillionhectaresarelost.ButforestsarealsochanginginrichWesterncountriesTheyaregrowinglarger,bothinthesensethattheyoccupymoreandthattheteesinthemandbigger.Whatisgoingon?ForestsarespreadinginalmostallWesterncountries,withfastestgrowthinplacesthathistoricallyhadratherfewtress.In199028%ofSpainwasforested;nowtheproportionis37%.InbothGreeceandItaly,thegrowthwasfrom26%to32%overthesameperiod.ForestsaregraduallytakingmoreandinAmericaandAustralia.PerhapsmostastonishingisthetrendinIreland.Roughly1%ofthatcountrywasforestedwhenitbecameindependentin1922.Forestscover11%oftheland,andthegovernmentswantstopushtheproportionto18%bythe2040s.Twothingsarefertilizingthisgrowth.Thefirstistheabandonmentoffarmland,especiallyinhigh,dryplaceswherenothinggrowsterriblywe