高考化学知识点归纳有机化学知识归纳总结

机化学知识归纳总结H232324、、、、CHn4CHnCH24CHn2－CCH′6CHn6－CHCH6678COP22CHn32NaOHCHHOCH25225醇HO32222CHOHCHOCH]nn325H↑32322CHHO32252℃HO322221CHHHO323225252４℃2OO3232，R－CH－R－C－22R1CH3－CHOHCH－C－CHOH232CH3HSO△CHHHO2425252－OHCHOn6－－OH＋－ONa＋HO、2、OHBr－－Br＋3HBr↓－OH＋3Br2Br、OHOH[CH－＋nHCHO＋nHO2n2（酚醛树脂）n、3OCHOR－C－Hn23H32△32催化剂OO32322水浴加热)]HO↑++4－－332323、CHOn232H↑323322OOH△CHC－OH＋H－18O－CHCaOCHC－18O－CH＋HO243253252、↑3△234H325CHOn2无机酸HHOCH3252325△CHCHCH４2催化剂CHO↑666322催化剂CHO63CHOO066222催化剂CHOCHOCHO6666催化剂CHOHO66HO)65nI2OHHO)，(CHO)OH65n672OHnOH(CHO)OHOHONO2浓硫酸(CHO)ONOONO＋3nHO＋3nHO－NO2△67267222n2n3NSα少量盐加入较量盐Pb2+2+3）2CH－CH－COOHCH－CH－COONa{＋NaOH＋HCl＋HO332NH2NH2CH－CH－COOHCH－CH－COOH33NH2NHCl3CH－COOH2NH2CH－CH－COOHα3NH2CHCOOHαβ2NH2αHOOC－－－CH－22NH24OHOHOHO－C－N－R－CH－C－N－CH－COOHR－CH－C－N－CH－C－NH－CH－COOH22烃卤代烃醇苯酸苯酚硝基苯O3223232CHCHCHCHCHCOONaCH43323CHCHBrCHCHOHCHCHOCHCOOHCHCOOCH323233325CH＝CH22CHOHCHOCH－BrCOOHCOOH2CHCH2CHOHCHOCH－Br22OOCC［CH＝CHCl－CH－CH－22nClOOCHCH22有机化学的基本反应类型500℃322223CH3ON2△2制：O322△2CH－CH－CN33OH△5HO22232CH－CH2n2CN催化剂3CHCH催化剂nHCHCH－2nCH2OO催化剂3HCHOCH2CH2OOHOH[CH－n＋nHCHO＋nHO22（酚醛树脂）nO[O－C－－C－OCHCHO－＋2nHOnHOOC－－COOHnHOCHCH－OH22222n[－＋nHOnCHCOOH32n3OH醇△＋HO322322HO32222KOH3－CH－CH2－C＋3CHHHO25243222CHCHHO25225226OHONOONO2浓硫酸＋3nHO(CHO)OH(CHO)＋3nHO－NO267267222ONOOHn2n、、N32223、CO↓43243、－Cl＋HO－OH＋HCl2、CHCOO－CHCH－OH22H42＋3HOCHCOO－CHCH－OH＋3CHCOOH2CHCOO－CHCH－OH22CHCOO－CHCH－OH22△＋3NaOHCHCOO－CHCH－OH＋3CHCOONa皂化反应CHCOO－CHCH－OH222HSO4HO)OHO（淀粉）65n266CH－CH－CONH－CH－CH－COOH＋HOCH－CH－COOH＋NH－CH－CH－COOH322322NH2NH2CHOxy222CH3－O3223232CHCOO－CHCHCOO－CH22CHCOO－CH＋3HCHCOO－2CHCOO－CHCHCOO－227△△CHCHCHCHCH8844362与CHCH3223333CHCH3与3322－OHCH3－CH－－CH33、、、、、、、、、、8实例CHCHCH3、3322323CHOnOHOCH－CH－CH2、C、3322233CHOOnCH－CH－OH222O－2CH232332332CHCHCHOCHO、3n222OH－OHCH3－CH－－CH33CHO、、、n－CHOH－OCH23、HNCH32222n2CHO、、O6624－C－232Cn2mOHOHCHO、、、CHClCH2CHO）65nCHO—2659CHO266KM［K－C＝C－M－C＝C－nnLNLNK［MM聚nnLNPQLNPQK［－MMnn2222nLNPQLN