《动词时态和语态》课件

动词时态和语态1a动词时态和语态1a时态时间状语一般现在时every…,sometimes,

at…,onSunday等一般过去时yesterday,lastweek,anhourago,theotherday,in1982,justnow等一般将来时next…,tomorrow,in+一段时间,before+时间点等现在完成时for,since,sofar,ever,never,just,yet,till/until,uptonow,inthepastyears,always,recently等过去完成时before,by+过去的时间,until,when,after,once等过去进行时thismorning,thewholemorning,allday,yesterday,fromninetotenyesterdayevening…when,while等将来进行时soon,tomorrow,thisevening,onSunday,thistimetomorrow,intwodays,tomorrowevening2a时态时间状语一般现在时every…,sometimes,一.一般现在时态：1.一般用法:1〕表示现在经常性或习惯性的动作,常与表示频度的时间状语连用.时间状语:every…,sometimes,

at…,onSunday。e.g.Heoftengoestothecinema.2〕表示现在的能力、特征、职业等,e.g.

Hesingswell.（能力）3〕表示客观真理、科学事实、格言以及不受时间限制的客观存在的事实,e.g.

Knowledgeispower.（客观真理）3a一.一般现在时态：3a2.特别用法:1〕主句是将来时态或表示将来意义,时间状语从句和条件状语从句须用一般现在时表将来,e.g.

I’llwritetoherwhenIhavetime2〕让步状语从句和方式状语从句用一般现在时表将来,e.g.①Whetheryouhelphimornot,hewillfail.②NexttimeI’lldoashesays.3〕表示按规定、时间表、计划或安排要发生的动作,用一般现在时表将来,e.g.Thetrainleavesat12:00.4a2.特别用法:2〕让步状语从句和方式状语从句用一般现在时表二.一般过去时态（did式）:1.基本用法:1〕表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态:时间状语有：yesterday,lastweek,anhourago,theotherday,in1982等

Heboughtthecomputerfiveyearsago.2)表示过去经常性或习惯性的动作,e.g.Weoftenplayedtogetherwhenwewerechildren.注:表示过去习惯性的动作,可用would,usedto,e.g.Heusedtogotoworkbybus.5a5a2.特别用法:

过去时表示现在，表示委婉语气:1)动词want,hope,wonder,think,intend等:Iwonderedifyoucouldhelpme.

能不能帮我一下。2)情态动词could,would。e.g.Couldyoulendmeyourbike?

能借用一下你的自行车吗？6a6a三.一般将来时（will/shall＋do）:1.will表示没有经过事先考虑,而是在说话的时候才决定做某事,e.g.

--Youforgettoclosethedoor.--Oh,I’llcloseitatonce.

will表意愿

Nowifyouwilltakeoffyourclothes,wewillfitthenewclothesonyouinfrontofthemirror.

7a三.一般将来时（will/shall＋do）:7a2.begoing+不定式，表示将来。主语的意图，即将做某事。e.g.Whatareyougoingtodotomorrow?明天打算作什么呢？b.

计划，安排要发生的事。e.g.Theplayisgoingtobeproducednextmonth。这出戏下月开播。c.

有迹象要发生的事。e.g.Lookatthedarkclouds;thereisgoingtobeastorm.看那乌云，快要下雨了。8a2.begoing+不定式，表示将来。8a3.

be+不定式表将来，按计划或安排将发生的事;命中注定的事;命令。e.g.WearetodiscussthereportnextSaturday.我们下星期六讨论这份报告。4.beaboutto+不定式，意为马上做某事。e.g.HeisabouttoleaveforBeijing.他马上要去北京。注意：beabouttodo不能与tomorrow,nextweek等表示明确将来的时间状语连用。5.bedueto与时间表,旅行计划等有关。

e.g.Thetrainisduetoleaveat7:00.9a3.be+不定式表将来，按计划或安排将发生的事;命中注四.现在完成时（have/has＋p.p.）1.基本用法:1〕影响性用法:表示一个动作发生在过去,已经完成,且对现在造成影响或结果,e.g.①Hehasleftthecity.（结果:他不在这个城市）②Someonehasbrokenthewindow.（结果:窗户仍破着）2〕持续性用法:表示一个动作从过去持续到现在,且可能继续持续下去或可能到此结束,e.g.Wehavebeenbusythisafternoon.10a四.现在完成时（have/has＋p.p.）10a2.用现在完成时的典型场合:1〕“since＋过去时间”或“since接that从句（从句中用一般过去时）”则句中用现在完成时,e.g.①Ihaven’tseenhersincelastweek.②WherehaveyoubeensinceIlastsawyou?2〕句中有sofar/in（for/during）thepast（last）years（months…）/uptonow/untilnowe.g.①Sofartherehasbeennonews.3〕“It/This/Thatisthefirst（second/third…）time＋that从句”或“It/This/Thatistheonly…＋that从句”或“It/This/Thatisthe＋最高级…＋that从句”

e.g.11a2.用现在完成时的典型场合:11a①It/This/ThatisthefirsttimethatIhavecometoZhejiang.②It/This/ThatistheonlypartythatIhaveeverreallyenjoyedinmylife.③It/This/ThatisthemostinterestingbookthatIhaveeverread.（注:以上句型把is改为was,则从句时态相应改为过去完成时态）12a12a3.现在完成时与一般过去时态的区别:1)现在完成时强调对现在的影响或结果,而一般过去时态强调这一个动作发生的时间是过去。2）一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。一般过去时的时间状语：yesterday,lastweek，…ago,in1980,inOctober,justnow等，皆为具体的时间状语。现在完成时的时间状语：for,since,sofar,ever,never,just,yet,till/until,uptonow,inpastyears,always等，皆不确定的时间状语。共同的时间状语：thismorning,tonight,thisApril,now,already,recently,lately等13a3.现在完成时与一般过去时态的区别:13a

e.g.①I’velivedherefortenyears.（现在仍住在这儿）②Ilivedherefortenyears.（现在不住在这儿）③Hehasboughtahouse.（现在已拥有这房子）

④Heboughtahouse.（现在拥不拥有这房子,不知道,只是知道买了房子,现在可能拥有也可能卖掉了）14ae.g.14a五.现在完成进行时（have/hasbeenv--ing）1.一般用法:表示现在以前一段时间里一直在进行的动作,这一动作可能仍在进行,也可能已停止,e.g.Ithasbeenrainingsincetwodaysago.----Isn’tithardtodrivedowntowntowork?----Yes,that’swhyI____toworkbytrain.havebeengoinghavegonewasgoingtowillhavegone15a五.现在完成进行时（have/hasbeenv--ing六.过去完成时（had＋p.p.）1.表示过去的过去时间状语before,by,until,when,after,once…

e.g.①Ihadhardlyopenedthedoorwhenhehitme.

用好过去完成时,关键在于理解它的时间是“过去的过去”。2.want/think/hope/plan/mean/expect/intend/suppose等动词的过去完成时＋不定式的一般式（等于这些动词的一般过去式后接不定式的完成式）,表示过去未曾实现的愿望、打算、想法等e.g.①Ihadmeanttocome,butsomethinghappened.（＝Imeanttohavecome,butsomethinghappened.）②Ihadintendedtospeakatthemeeting,buttimedidn’tpermit.（＝Iintendedtohavespokenatthemeeting,buttimedidn’tpermit.）16a六.过去完成时（had＋p.p.）16a3.一些特殊句型中的过去完成时:1〕“It/This/Thatwasthefirst（second/third…）time＋that从句”或“It/This/Thatwastheonly…＋that从句”或“It/This/Thatwasthe＋最高级…＋that从句”2〕by（theendof)/bythetime＋过去时间,e.g.Wehadlearnt3,000wordsbytheendoflastterm.Bythetimehecameback,wehadrepairedthemachine.3〕nosooner…than;hardly/scarcely…when①Nosoonerhadhegonetothegardenthanhissonwenttoplaywithhisclassmates.②Hardlyhadheheardthenewswhenhecried.17a3.一些特殊句型中的过去完成时:17a七.将来完成时（will/shall＋have＋p.p.）1.表示到将来某一时间为止会完成的动作,e.g.Whenwegetthere,she’llhavegonetowork.2.by（theendof）＋将来时间,e.g.①Wewillhavelearnt3,000wordsbytheendofnextterm.②Bythetimehecomesback,wewillhaverepairedthemachine.3.与用一般现在时态表示将来一样,时间状语从句和条件状语从句须用现在完成时表将来,e.g.I’llgowithyouwhenIhavefinishedmywork.等我完成工作以后我就同你去。18a18a八.现在进行时（be＋v--ing）:1.

表示现在（指说话人说话时）正在发生的事情。e.g.We’rehavingameeting.（说话时正在进行的动作）2.表示现阶段正在进行的动作或表示长期的或重复性的动作，说话时动作未必正在进行。

Heisteachinginaschool.（目前这个阶段正在进行的动作）3.

现在进行时表示将来,表示按计划或安排要发生的动作,e.g.I’mleavingtomorrow.19a八.现在进行时（be＋v--ing）:19a4.现在进行时与always/forever/constantly/continuously等连用,表示满意、称赞、惊讶、厌恶等感情色彩,e.g.①She’salwayshelpingothers.5.动词be的现在进行时,表示一时的表现或暂时的状态,e.g.①Sheisfoolish.（生性如此）②Sheisbeingfoolish.（一时的表现）能这样用的形容词多为angry,careful,clever,stupid,kind,brave,friendly,rude,polite等动态形容词。20a4.现在进行时与always/forever/constan不用进行时的动词

1）表示事实状态的动词，如have,belong,possess,cost,owe,exist,include,contain,matter,weigh,measure,continue等。例如：Ihavetwobrothers.我有两兄弟。

Thishousebelongstomysister.这房子是我姐的。2）表示心理状态,情感的动词，如know,realize,think,see,believe,suppose,imagine,agree,recognize,remember,want,need,forget,prefer,mean,understand,love,hate等。例如：

Ineedyourhelp.我需要你的帮助。

Helovesherverymuch.他爱她很深。3）瞬间动词，如accept,receive,complete,finish,give,allow,decide,refuse等。例如：

Iacceptyouradvice.我接受你的劝告。4）系动词，如seem,remain,lie,see,hear,smell,feel,taste,等。例如：

Youseemalittletired.你看上去有点累。。21a不用进行时的动词21a九.过去进行时（was/were＋v--ing）1.表示过去某一时间正在进行的动作,HewasplayingwhileIwasstudying.---Hey,lookwhereyouaregoing!---Oh,I’mterriblysorry._____.A.I’mnotnoticingB.Iwasn’tnoticingC.Ihaven’tnoticeD.Idon’tnotice22a九.过去进行时（was/were＋v--ing）---H十.将来进行时（will/shall＋be＋v--ing）1.基本用法:表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作,e.g.WhenIgethomeat9:00tomorrow,mysonwillbewatchingTV.----Isn’tithardtodrivedowntowntowork?----Yes,that’swhyI____toworkbytrain.havebeengoinghavegonewasgoingtowillhavegone23a十.将来进行时（will/shall＋be＋v--ing语态被动语态的构成方式：be/get+过去分词注意1.

主动变被动时，宾补成主补（位置不变）；（作补语的）不定式前需加to。Thebossmadehimworkalldaylong.Hewasmadetoworkalldaylong(bytheboss)2.

短语动词变被动语态时，勿要掉“尾巴”。Yourpronunciationshouldbepaidattentionto.3.

当句子的谓语为say、believe、expect、think、know、write、consider、report等时，被动语态有两种形式:（A）谓语动词用被动语态，动词不定式作主补。（B）用it作形式主语，真正的主语在后面用从句来表示。如：Heissaidtobeasmartboy. Itissaidthatheisasmartboy..24a语态.24a不用被动语态的情况

1.不及物动词或不及物动词短语无被动语态。例如：（错）Thepricehasbeenrisen.（对）Thepricehasrisen.（错）Thepricehasraised.

（对）Thepricehasbeenraised.（错）Pleaseseat.

（对）Pleasebeseated.

要想正确地使用被动语态，就须注意哪些动词是及物的，哪些是不及物的。2.系动词无被动语态，如appear,be,become,fall,feel,get,grow,keep,look,remain,seem,smell,sound,stay,taste,turn等。例如：

Itsoundsgood.听上去不错。

25a不用被动语态的情况25a主动形式表示被动意义

1.表示主语特征、状态的动词wash,clean,cook,iron,look,cut,sell,read,wear,feel,draw,write,sell等。例如：

Thebooksellswell.

这本书销路好。2.betoblame(受谴责)，betorent（出租）也用主动形式表被动。例如：

Iwastoblamefortheaccident.事故发生了，我该受指责。3.在need,require,want,worth（形容词）,deserve后例如：

Thedoorneedsrepairing.=Thedoorneedstoberepaired.门该修了。26a主动形式表示被动意义26a4.在“be+形容词+todo”中，不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语，用主动代被动。

Thiskindofwaterisn’tfittodrink.Thegirlisn’teasytogetalongwith.5.用来做定语和被修饰的名词有动宾关系，又和另一名词或代词有主谓关系的动词不定式。

Ihavesomethingtotellyou.27a4.在“be+形容词+todo”中，不定式的逻1.SinceIwonthebigprize,mytelephonehasn’tstoppedringing.People___toaskhowIamgoingtospendthemoney.phoneB.willphoneC.werephoningD.arephoning2.---I’msorry,butyouarefined$50!Youknowyou___120kmanhour,don’tyou?A.aredrivingB.weredrivingC.havedrivenD.haddrivenDB28a1.SinceIwonthebigprize,m3.They___ontheprogramforalmostoneweekbeforeIjoinedthem,andnowwe___onitasnogoodresultshavecomeoutsofar.A.hadbeenworking,arestillworkingB.hadworked,werestillworkingC.havebeenworking,haveworkedD.haveworked,arestillworkingA29aA29a4.----Youaredrinkingtoomuch.----Onlyathome.Noone_____mebutyou.isseeingB.hadseenC.seesD.saw5.Thefirstuseofatomicweaponswasin1945,andtheirpower____increasedenormouslyeversince.A.isB.wasC.hasbeenD.hadbeen6.–WhoisJerryCooper?--___?Isawyoushakinghandswithhimatthemeeting.A.Don’tyoumeethimyetB.Hadn’tyoumethimyetC.Didn’tyoumeethimyetD.Haven’tyoumethimyetcCD30a4.----Youaredrinkingtoomu7.BythetimeJanegetshome,heraunt___forLondontoattendameeting.

A.willleaveB.leavesC.willhaveleftD.left8.Thecrazyfans_____patientlyfortwohours,andtheywouldwaittillthemoviestararrived.A.werewaitingB.hadbeenwaitingC.hadwaitedD.wouldwait9.--IhearJaneshasgonetotheHolyIslandforherholiday.--Oh,hownice！Doyouknowwhenshe____?A.wasleavingB.hadleftC.hasleftD.left

CBD31a7.BythetimeJanegetshome,10.

Idon’tknowifhe_____.Ifhe_____,I’llletyouknow.A.willcome;willcomeB.comes;comesC.willcome;comesD.comes;willcome11.---Katehascomebackhomefromherlongholidaysabroad.---Oh,really?I_____.____visither.A.didn’tknow;I’llgoandB.don’tknow;I’llgoandC.don’tknow;I,mgoingtoD.didn’tknow;I‘mgoingtoCA32a10.Idon’tknowifhe_____.I12.Ireallydon’tthinkkettywillmindit,butyou’dbettergoandseeherincaseshe_______.A.doesB.doC.willmindD.hasminded13.---Howaretheteamplaying?---Theyareplayingwell,butoneofthem____hurt.A.gotB.getsC.areD.were14.Don’tdisturbher.She___lettersallthemorningandhasfinishedeight.A.waswritingB.haswrittenC.hasbeenwritingD.wroteAAC33a12.Ireallydon’tthinkketty15.In

myopinion,allMr.White____goodtohisstudentsinhisclassatpresent.Heisverystrictintheirstudy.

A.doesdoesdoesB.doesdodo

C.doesdoesdoD.diddodoes16.Theyintendtogoonwiththeexperimentuntil10o’clocktomorrowmorning,andbythenthey___for22hours.A.areworkingB.havebeenworkingC.willbeworkingD.willhavebeenworking17.Becareful!Don’tgettheorangejuiceonyourshirt,forit____.A.isn’twashingoutB.won’tbewashedoutC.Isn’twashedoutD.won’twashoutCDD34a15.Inmyopinion,allMr.Whit18.Thewater___coolwhenIjumpedintothepoolformorningexercise.A.wasfeltB.isfeltC.feltD.feels19.—Oh,whereismywallet?MaybeIleftitinthecar.---You___thingsbehind!A.arealwaysleavingB.wereleavingC.haveleftD.alwaysleave20.Mybrother___homefortwoyearsandwehaven’theardfromhimeversincehe___.A.hasleft;leftB.hasbeenaway;wasawayC.hasbeenawayfrom;leftD.left;wasaway

CAC35a18.Thewater___coolwhenIj22MyformerEnglishteacher,who___inourschoolforover20years,nowlivesinhishometown.A.hasworkedB.workedC.hadworkedD.works23.Thenotice______“Nosmoking”.

A.istold

B.reads

C.tells

D.isread24.---Youlooktired.---Yes.I___non-stopuntil8o’clock.A.hadworkedB.hadbeenworkingC.haveworkedD.wasworking

BBD36a22MyformerEnglishteacher,25.You’dbetternotcallMr.Greenbetween7and8thisevening,forhe___animportanttalkthen.willhaveB.wouldhaveC.willbehavingD.willhavehad

C37aC37a动词时态、语态01、(08全国卷I’27)—HaveyouknownDr.Jacksonforalongtime?—Yes,sinceshe____theChineseSociety. A.hasjoined B.joins C.hadjoined D.joined02、(08全国卷I’29)Thewetweatherwillcontinuetomorrowwhenacoldfront______toarrive. A.isexpected B.isexpecting C.expects D.willbeexpected03、(08全国卷II’11)Iftheweatherhadbeenbetter,wecouldhavehadapicnic.Butit____allday. A.rained B.rains C.hasrained D.israiningDAA38a动词时态、语态DAA38a04、(08全国卷II’14)Iftheirmarketingplanssucceed,they____theirsalesby20percent. A.willincreaseB.havebeenincreasing C.haveincreasedD.wouldbeincreasing05、(08北京卷’21)Johnpromisedhisdoctorhe___notsmoke,andhehasnotsmokedeversince.A.might B.should C.could D.would.06、(08北京卷’22)—HaveyoureadbookcalledWaitingforAnya?—Who_______it?A.writes B.haswritten C.wrote D.hadwritten07、(08北京卷’27)Thehotelwasn’tparticularlygood.ButI____inmanyworsehotels.A.wasstayingB.stayedC.wouldstayD.hadstayedADCD39a04、(08全国卷II’14)Iftheirmark08、(08北京卷’29)Nodecision__aboutanyfutureappointmentuntilallthecandidateshavebeeninterviewed.A.willbemade B.ismadeC.isbeingmade D.hasbeenmade09、(08上海春卷’29)Populationexpertspredictthatmostpeople______incitiesinthenearfuturelive B.wouldliveC.willlive D.havelived10、(08上海春卷’31)Officialssaythatfewpatients___________withthevirusowingtotheeffectivepreventioninfected B.areinfectedC.haveinfected D.beinfectedACB40a08、(08北京卷’29)Nodecision11、(08上海卷’28)---DoyouknowifTerrywillgocampingthisweekend?--Terry?Never!She___tentsandfreshair!A.hashatedB.hatedC.willhateD.hates12、(08上海卷’32)Inrecentyearsmanyfootballclubs______asbusinesstomakeaprofit.A.haverunB.havebeenrunC.hadbeenrunD.willrun13、(08天津卷’14)He_____footballregularlyformanyyearswhenhewasyoung.A.wasplayingB.playedC.hasplayedD.hadplayedDBB41a11、(08上海卷’28)---Doyouknowi14、(08重庆卷’23)Judyisgoingtomarrythesailorshe

inRomelastyear.A.meetsB.metC.hasmetD.wouldmeet15、(08重庆卷’31)He

asanationalheroforwinningthefirstgoldmedalforhiscountryintheOlympics.A.regardedB.wasregardedC.hasregardedD.hadbeenregarded16、(08重庆卷’35)Teenagers

theirhealthbecausetheyplaycomputergamestoomuch.A.havedamagedB.aredamagingC.damagedD.willdamageBBB42a14、(08重庆卷’23)Judyisgoingto17、(08辽宁卷’23)Wefirstmetonatrainin2000.Webothfeltimmediatelythatwe____eachotherforyears.A.knew B.haveknown C.hadknown D.know18、(08辽宁卷’29)—Haveyougotanyjoboffers?—No.I______.A.waited B.hadbeenwaiting C.havewaited D.amwaiting19、(08山东卷’25)Bythetimeherealizeshe______intoatrap,it’llbetoolateforhimtodoanythingaboutit.A.walks B.walked C.haswalked D.hadwalkedCDC43a17、(08辽宁卷’23)Wefirstmeton20、(08江苏卷’33)—I’msureAndrewwillwinthefirstprizeinthefinal.—Ithinkso.He____foritformonths.A.ispreparing B.waspreparing C.hadbeenpreparing D.hasbeenpreparing21、(08江西卷’32)–Doyouthinkweshouldacceptthatoffer?--Yes,weshould,forwe___suchbadluckuptillnow,andtime__out.A.havehad;isrunningB.had;isrunningC.have;hasbeenrunD.havehad;hasbeenrunDA44a20、(08江苏卷’33)—I’msureAndrew22、(08安徽卷’22)-----Didyouwatchthebasketballmatchyesterday?-----Yes,Idid.Youknow,mybrother_____inthematch.A.isplayingB.wasplayingC.hasplayedD.hadplayed23、(08安徽卷’33)IliketheseEnglishsongsandthey_____manytimesontheradio.A.taughtB.havetaughtC.aretaughtD.havebeentaught24、(08浙江卷’05)Idon’tbelieveyou’vealreadyfinishedreadingthebook—I______ittoyouthismorning!A.wouldlendB.waslendingC.hadlentD.lentBDD45a22、(08安徽卷’22)-----Didyouwat25、(08浙江卷’07)–What’sthatnoise?–Oh,Iforgottotellyou.Thenewmachine______.A.wastestedB.willbetestedC.isbeingtestedD.hasbeentested26、(08湖南卷’32)IcalledHnnahmanytimesyesterdayevening,butIcouldn’tgetthrough.Herbrother_____onthephoneallthetime!A.wastalkingB.hasbeentalkingC.hastalkedD.talked27、(08湖南卷’35)—Doyouhaveanyproblemsifyou______thisjob?—Well,I’mthinkingaboutthesalary….A.offerB.willofferC.areofferedD.willbeofferedCAC46a25、(08浙江卷’07)–What’sthatnois28、(08陕西卷’06)ThemomentIgothome,IfoundI

myjacketontheplayground.A.hadleftB.leftC.haveleftD.wasleaving29、(08陕西卷’17)Thoughwedon’tknowwhatdiscussed,yetwecanfeelthetopic

.A.hadchangedB.willchangeC.waschangedD.hasbeenchanged30、(08四川卷’07)Thetelephone_______,butbythetimeIgotindoors,itstopped.A.hadrungB.wasringingC.ringsD.hasrung31、(08福建卷’25)Sofarthisyearwe______afallinhousepricesbybetween5and10percent.A.sawB.seeC.hadseenD.haveseenADBD47a28、(08陕西卷’06)ThemomentIgot动词时态和语态48a动词时态和语态1a时态时间状语一般现在时every…,sometimes,

at…,onSunday等一般过去时yesterday,lastweek,anhourago,theotherday,in1982,justnow等一般将来时next…,tomorrow,in+一段时间,before+时间点等现在完成时for,since,sofar,ever,never,just,yet,till/until,uptonow,inthepastyears,always,recently等过去完成时before,by+过去的时间,until,when,after,once等过去进行时thismorning,thewholemorning,allday,yesterday,fromninetotenyesterdayevening…when,while等将来进行时soon,tomorrow,thisevening,onSunday,thistimetomorrow,intwodays,tomorrowevening49a时态时间状语一般现在时every…,sometimes,一.一般现在时态：1.一般用法:1〕表示现在经常性或习惯性的动作,常与表示频度的时间状语连用.时间状语:every…,sometimes,

at…,onSunday。e.g.Heoftengoestothecinema.2〕表示现在的能力、特征、职业等,e.g.

Hesingswell.（能力）3〕表示客观真理、科学事实、格言以及不受时间限制的客观存在的事实,e.g.

Knowledgeispower.（客观真理）50a一.一般现在时态：3a2.特别用法:1〕主句是将来时态或表示将来意义,时间状语从句和条件状语从句须用一般现在时表将来,e.g.

I’llwritetoherwhenIhavetime2〕让步状语从句和方式状语从句用一般现在时表将来,e.g.①Whetheryouhelphimornot,hewillfail.②NexttimeI’lldoashesays.3〕表示按规定、时间表、计划或安排要发生的动作,用一般现在时表将来,e.g.Thetrainleavesat12:00.51a2.特别用法:2〕让步状语从句和方式状语从句用一般现在时表二.一般过去时态（did式）:1.基本用法:1〕表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态:时间状语有：yesterday,lastweek,anhourago,theotherday,in1982等

Heboughtthecomputerfiveyearsago.2)表示过去经常性或习惯性的动作,e.g.Weoftenplayedtogetherwhenwewerechildren.注:表示过去习惯性的动作,可用would,usedto,e.g.Heusedtogotoworkbybus.52a5a2.特别用法:

过去时表示现在，表示委婉语气:1)动词want,hope,wonder,think,intend等:Iwonderedifyoucouldhelpme.

能不能帮我一下。2)情态动词could,would。e.g.Couldyoulendmeyourbike?

能借用一下你的自行车吗？53a6a三.一般将来时（will/shall＋do）:1.will表示没有经过事先考虑,而是在说话的时候才决定做某事,e.g.

--Youforgettoclosethedoor.--Oh,I’llcloseitatonce.

will表意愿

Nowifyouwilltakeoffyourclothes,wewillfitthenewclothesonyouinfrontofthemirror.

54a三.一般将来时（will/shall＋do）:7a2.begoing+不定式，表示将来。主语的意图，即将做某事。e.g.Whatareyougoingtodotomorrow?明天打算作什么呢？b.

计划，安排要发生的事。e.g.Theplayisgoingtobeproducednextmonth。这出戏下月开播。c.

有迹象要发生的事。e.g.Lookatthedarkclouds;thereisgoingtobeastorm.看那乌云，快要下雨了。55a2.begoing+不定式，表示将来。8a3.

be+不定式表将来，按计划或安排将发生的事;命中注定的事;命令。e.g.WearetodiscussthereportnextSaturday.我们下星期六讨论这份报告。4.beaboutto+不定式，意为马上做某事。e.g.HeisabouttoleaveforBeijing.他马上要去北京。注意：beabouttodo不能与tomorrow,nextweek等表示明确将来的时间状语连用。5.bedueto与时间表,旅行计划等有关。

e.g.Thetrainisduetoleaveat7:00.56a3.be+不定式表将来，按计划或安排将发生的事;命中注四.现在完成时（have/has＋p.p.）1.基本用法:1〕影响性用法:表示一个动作发生在过去,已经完成,且对现在造成影响或结果,e.g.①Hehasleftthecity.（结果:他不在这个城市）②Someonehasbrokenthewindow.（结果:窗户仍破着）2〕持续性用法:表示一个动作从过去持续到现在,且可能继续持续下去或可能到此结束,e.g.Wehavebeenbusythisafternoon.57a四.现在完成时（have/has＋p.p.）10a2.用现在完成时的典型场合:1〕“since＋过去时间”或“since接that从句（从句中用一般过去时）”则句中用现在完成时,e.g.①Ihaven’tseenhersincelastweek.②WherehaveyoubeensinceIlastsawyou?2〕句中有sofar/in（for/during）thepast（last）years（months…）/uptonow/untilnowe.g.①Sofartherehasbeennonews.3〕“It/This/Thatisthefirst（second/third…）time＋that从句”或“It/This/Thatistheonly…＋that从句”或“It/This/Thatisthe＋最高级…＋that从句”

e.g.58a2.用现在完成时的典型场合:11a①It/This/ThatisthefirsttimethatIhavecometoZhejiang.②It/This/ThatistheonlypartythatIhaveeverreallyenjoyedinmylife.③It/This/ThatisthemostinterestingbookthatIhaveeverread.（注:以上句型把is改为was,则从句时态相应改为过去完成时态）59a12a3.现在完成时与一般过去时态的区别:1)现在完成时强调对现在的影响或结果,而一般过去时态强调这一个动作发生的时间是过去。2）一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。一般过去时的时间状语：yesterday,lastweek，…ago,in1980,inOctober,justnow等，皆为具体的时间状语。现在完成时的时间状语：for,since,sofar,ever,never,just,yet,till/until,uptonow,inpastyears,always等，皆不确定的时间状语。共同的时间状语：thismorning,tonight,thisApril,now,already,recently,lately等60a3.现在完成时与一般过去时态的区别:13a

e.g.①I’velivedherefortenyears.（现在仍住在这儿）②Ilivedherefortenyears.（现在不住在这儿）③Hehasboughtahouse.（现在已拥有这房子）

④Heboughtahouse.（现在拥不拥有这房子,不知道,只是知道买了房子,现在可能拥有也可能卖掉了）61ae.g.14a五.现在完成进行时（have/hasbeenv--ing）1.一般用法:表示现在以前一段时间里一直在进行的动作,这一动作可能仍在进行,也可能已停止,e.g.Ithasbeenrainingsincetwodaysago.----Isn’tithardtodrivedowntowntowork?----Yes,that’swhyI____toworkbytrain.havebeengoinghavegonewasgoingtowillhavegone62a五.现在完成进行时（have/hasbeenv--ing六.过去完成时（had＋p.p.）1.表示过去的过去时间状语before,by,until,when,after,once…

e.g.①Ihadhardlyopenedthedoorwhenhehitme.

用好过去完成时,关键在于理解它的时间是“过去的过去”。2.want/think/hope/plan/mean/expect/intend/suppose等动词的过去完成时＋不定式的一般式（等于这些动词的一般过去式后接不定式的完成式）,表示过去未曾实现的愿望、打算、想法等e.g.①Ihadmeanttocome,butsomethinghappened.（＝Imeanttohavecome,butsomethinghappened.）②Ihadintendedtospeakatthemeeting,buttimedidn’tpermit.（＝Iintendedtohavespokenatthemeeting,buttimedidn’tpermit.）63a六.过去完成时（had＋p.p.）16a3.一些特殊句型中的过去完成时:1〕“It/This/Thatwasthefirst（second/third…）time＋that从句”或“It/This/Thatwastheonly…＋that从句”或“It/This/Thatwasthe＋最高级…＋that从句”2〕by（theendof)/bythetime＋过去时间,e.g.Wehadlearnt3,000wordsbytheendoflastterm.Bythetimehecameback,wehadrepairedthemachine.3〕nosooner…than;hardly/scarcely…when①Nosoonerhadhegonetothegardenthanhissonwenttoplaywithhisclassmates.②Hardlyhadheheardthenewswhenhecried.64a3.一些特殊句型中的过去完成时:17a七.将来完成时（will/shall＋have＋p.p.）1.表示到将来某一时间为止会完成的动作,e.g.Whenwegetthere,she’llhavegonetowork.2.by（theendof）＋将来时间,e.g.①Wewillhavelearnt3,000wordsbytheendofnextterm.②Bythetimehecomesback,wewillhaverepairedthemachine.3.与用一般现在时态表示将来一样,时间状语从句和条件状语从句须用现在完成时表将来,e.g.I’llgowithyouwhenIhavefinishedmywork.等我完成工作以后我就同你去。65a18a八.现在进行时（be＋v--ing）:1.

表示现在（指说话人说话时）正在发生的事情。e.g.We’rehavingameeting.（说话时正在进行的动作）2.表示现阶段正在进行的动作或表示长期的或重复性的动作，说话时动作未必正在进行。

Heisteachinginaschool.（目前这个阶段正在进行的动作）3.

现在进行时表示将来,表示按计划或安排要发生的动作,e.g.I’mleavingtomorrow.66a八.现在进行时（be＋v--ing）:19a4.现在进行