主谓一致课件-高考英语一轮专题复习

主谓一致1.表示单一概念的动名词、不定式或句子作主语时,谓语动词用单数。Whenandwheretogofortheon-salaryholidayhasnotbeendecidedyet.带薪度假的时间和地点还没决定。2.“one/either/neither/eachof+复数名词/代词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数。Eitherofthestoriesisveryfunny.这两个故事都很有趣。3.something、everything、anything、nothing、somebody、nobody、noone等不定代词作主语,谓语动词通常用单数。Nothingisimpossible.一切皆有可能。考点一语法一致主语的单复数决定了谓语动词的单复数。4.表示时间、金钱、距离、重量、数量的复数名词作主语,通常被看作一个整体,谓语动词用单数。Tenpoundswasmissingfromthebox.盒子里少了十英镑。5.主语后有with、togetherwith、alongwith、except、besides、aswellas等词或短语时,谓语动词的数要与这些词或短语前面的名词的单复数保持一致(因为with等词为介词,其后跟的名词只能是介宾,不可能充当主语)。Mr.GreentogetherwithhischildrengoestotheparkeverySunday.格林先生每个星期天都和他的孩子们一起去这个公园。6.what引导的从句作主语时,谓语动词的单复数取决于作表语的名词的单复数。Whatsurprisesmemostishisattitudetowardshisstudy.最令我惊讶的是他对学习的态度。Whatherfatherleftherareonlysomebooks.她父亲留给她的只有一些书。7.such作主语时,谓语动词的单复数形式要根据其意义而定。SuchisStephenHawking,whohassufferedagreatdealbutachievedsomuch.这就是斯蒂芬·霍金,他经受了很多痛苦但也取得了许多成就。Sucharetheresultswehavegot.这些就是我们所取得的成果。8.有计量单位名词修饰的不可数名词充当句子主语时,谓语动词用单数还是用复数形式,由计量单位名词的单复数形式决定。Thereisacupofteaonthetable.桌子上有一杯茶。Howmanybottlesofmilkarethereinthebox?箱子里有多少瓶牛奶?9.and、both...and...连接两个不同的主语,谓语动词用复数形式;但是如果由and连接的两个名词表示同一概念,兼具身份或匹配出现时,谓语动词用单数形式。Herteacherandherfriendsareinthesittingroom.她的老师和朋友们都在客厅。Thepoetandwriterhasproducedmanyworks.这位诗人兼作家写出了许多作品。10.定语从句中关系代词作主语时,从句中的谓语动词要与先行词保持一致。Myfriendshowedmearoundthetown,whichwasverykindofhim.我的朋友真是太好了,他带我参观了这个小镇。1.语法填空高频考点①Thisiswhydecoratingwithplants,fruitsandflowers

(carry)specialsignificance.(2020全国Ⅱ,语法填空,62)

②Wheneverypupilintheschoolwearstheuniform,nobody

(have)toworryaboutfashion(时尚).(2019浙江6月高考,语法填空,56)

carrieshas/willhave2.短文改错高频考点①Mydaddon’tlikethesoupandIdon’tenjoyapples.(2020全国Ⅲ,短文改错)②Oneofthequestionsare:Whowillyougotointimesoftrouble?(2021全国甲,短文改错)将第一个don’t改为doesn’t将are改为is考点二意义一致

1.集体名词作主语时,若被看作一个整体,谓语动词用单数形式;若被看作是构成集体的一个个成员,谓语动词用复数形式。常见的集体名词有family、class、team、group、public、committee、government、audience等。形式为单数但意义为复数概念的集合名词(如people、police等)作主语时,谓语动词用复数。Thewholeclass,whichismadeupoftwentyboysandfifteengirls,weretoldtostaybehindafterschooltohaveanimportantmeetingyesterday.这个班由20个男生和15个女生组成,昨天全班学生被告知放学后留下开一个重要的会。意义一致原则指不管主语的形式是单数还是复数,主语的意义决定了谓语动词的单复数。2.“分数/百分数/themajority+of+名词”作主语时,谓语动词的单复数取决于of后名词的数以及其表示的意义;all、some、half、most、therest等作主语时,谓语动词的单复数取决于主语实际表达的意义。Aboutonethirdofthebooksareworthreading.这些书中大约有1/3值得一读。Altogethermorethan70percentofthesurfaceoftheearthiscoveredbywater.总共有超过70%的地球表面被水覆盖。3.“the+形容词”表示一类人在句中作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。Thesickhavebeencuredandthelosthavebeenfound.病人已被治愈,失踪的人也都找到了。4.“anumberof+复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式,“thenumberof+复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。Thenumberofpeopleinvitedwasonehundred,butanumberofthemwereabsentfordifferentreasons.收到邀请的总共有100人,但很多人因为各种原因缺席了。5.在定语从句中,关系代词如果在从句中作主语,根据先行词决定从句谓语动词的单复数;在“oneof+复数名词+who/that/which”引导的从句中,谓语动词用复数;但之前有the(only)等修饰语时,从句中的谓语动词用单数。MaryistheonlyoneofthestudentsinourschoolwhohaseverbeentoChina.玛丽是我们学校唯一一个去过中国的学生。“morethanone+单数名词”,“manya+单数名词”作主语时,虽然表示复数概念,但其谓语动词用单数。

1.语法填空高频考点①Often,onlyasmallpartofamuseum’scollection

(be)ondisplay.(2020新高考Ⅰ,语法填空,41)

②Theresearchteam

(believe)thatpeoplewhodon’thavetheInternetcangetleftbehindtheirfriendswhodo.

isbelieves

2.短文改错高频考点①Manyachildareplayingthere.②Nearly70%ofthefundaresuppliedbythegovernment.将are改为is考点三就近原则

1.谓语动词的人称和数常常与其最接近的主语保持一致。常出现在这类句子中的连词有or、not...but...、either...or...、neither...nor...、notonly...butalso...等。EitherIortheyareresponsiblefortheresultofthematter.要么我要么他们为这个事情的结果负责。2.在倒装句中谓语动词常与后面最接近的主语一致。Inthedistancewasheardtheclappingofhandsandtheshoutsofthepeople.远处传来拍手声和人们的喊叫声。3.当therebe句型的主语是一系列事物时,谓语动词应与最邻近的主语保持一致。here引导的句子与此用法相同。Thereisapen,aknifeandseveralbooksonthedesk.书桌上有一支钢笔、一把刀和几本书。Hereisapen,afewenvelopesandsomepaperinthedrawer.在抽屉里有一支钢笔、几个信封和一些纸。就近原则也适用于疑问句。在疑问句里,同样是依据最近的主语的单复数确定谓语动词的单复数。

IseitherTomoryoutobesenttoworkthere?

是你或者汤姆要被派去那里工作吗?

1.语法填空高频考点①Eitheryouoroneofyourstudents

(be)toattendthemeetingtobeheldtomorrow.

②Nothebutyou

(be)tobefired.

③NeitheryounorInoranybodyelse

(know)anythingaboutit.

2.短文改错高频考点①Nottheteacherbutthestudentsislookingforwardtoseeingthefilm.②Butthenthereisalwaysmoremysteriestolookinto.isareknows

将is改为are

将is改为areⅠ.单句语法填空1.“Thisreallyexcitesscientists,”CarlePieters,ascientistatBrownUniversity,says,“becauseit

(mean)wehavethechancetoobtaininformationabouthowthemoonisconstructed.”(2020全国Ⅰ,语法填空,67)

2.Aftertheyvolunteeredinthelibrary,eachbook

(be)inproperplace.

3.Ofthenineteenrecognizedpolarbearsubpopulations,threearedeclining,six

(be)stable,oneisincreasing,andninelackenoughdata.(2019全国Ⅰ,语法填空,70)

4.Marywithherparents

(go)toHongkong.They’llstaytherefortwoweeks.

5.InrecentyearssomeInuitpeopleinNunavut

(report)increasesinbearsightingsaroundhumansettlements,leadingtoabeliefthatpopulationsareincreasing.(2019全国Ⅰ,语法填空,65)

means

was

arehasgonehavereported6.Here

(be)afewmorehotelsandaninntoconsider.

7.Anironandsteelworks,withsomesatellitefactories,

(be)tobebuilthere.

8.ItisI,who

(be)yourteacher,willtrymybesttohelpyouout.

9.Fastfood

(be)fulloffatandsalt;byeatingmorefastfoodpeoplewillgetmoresaltandfatthantheyneedintheirdiet.

10.Leavingthelessimportantthingsuntiltomorrow

(be)oftenacceptable.

are

isamisisⅡ.单句语法改错1.Theclassroomisaplaceforlearningandthatincludelearningfromtextbooks,andmistakesaswell.2.Hewouldaskwhowewasandpretendednottoknowus.3.Mydreamschoolstartsat8:30a.m.andends...Mydreamschoollooklikeabiggarden.4.Theearlymorningbarkinghavebe