直接引语和间接引语课件-高考英语一轮复习

直接引语和间接引语在交流中，我们经常会遇到需要引用或转述别人的话的时候，这种引用或转述别人的话称之为引语。引述别人的话一般采用两种方式：一种是原封不动地引述别人的话，并将它放在引号内，称为直接引语(DirectSpeech)；另一种是用自己的话转述别人的话，被转述的话不放在引号内，称为间接引语(IndirectSpeech)。直接引语和间接引语都是复合句中的宾语从句。当把直接引语变为间接引语时，原来直接引语中的人称、时态、状语及主谓语序都要作相应改变。例如：Marysaid,“Iwillposttheletteronmywaytoschool.”

Marysaidthatshewouldpost

theletteronherwaytoschool.JackaskedJohnwhenhehadseen

her.“Whendidyouseeher,John?”Jackasked.如果主句的谓语动词是过去时态，直接引语变为间接引语时，从句的谓语动词的时态通常要作相应的变化。时态变化的一般规则如下表：

直接引语间接引语一般现在时一般过去时

现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时一般过去时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时一般将来时过去将来时

cancouldmaymightmusthadto

直接引语间接引语nowthenatthemomentatthatmomenttodaythatdayyesterdaythedaybeforelastweek/month/yeartheweek/month/yearbefore,thepreviousweek/month/yeartomorrowthenextday,thefollowingdaynextweek/month/yearthenextweek/month/year,thefollowingweek/month/yearherethereShesaidthatshehadreadthebookthedaybefore.

1)

Mr.Smithsaid,“Iam

veryfrightened.”2)

Shesaid,“Ireadthebookyesterday.”Mr.Smithsaidthathewas

veryfrightened.3)

Shesaid,“Ihaven’tseen

himsinceApril.

Shesaidthatshehadn’tseenhimsinceApril.4)

Tomsaid,“Ihadfinishedmy

homeworkbeforesupper.”

Tomsaidthathehadfinishedhis

homeworkbeforesupper.5)

Tomsaid,“I’lldo

itaftersupper.”

Tomsaidthathewoulddoitaftersupper.注：如果直接引语表示客观真理，在变为间接引语时，时态不变。例如：Theteachertoldus,“Theearthmovesroundthesun.”Theteachertoldusthattheearthmovesroundthesun.转述祈使句时的变化：

①如果直接引语是表示请求的口气，则间接引语用

如果直接引语是表示命令的口气，则间接引语用

②否定式

:

③注意人称，时态做相应变化.

“Donoteatcoldfood”,thedoctorsaid.→Thedoctortoldthepatientnottoeatcoldfood“Dosomeshoppingforme,please.”,hesaidtoher.

→Heaskedhertodosomeshoppingforhim“YoumustdoeverythingasIdo”,theprofessorsaid.

→Theprofessororderedhisstudentstodoeverythingashedidasksb.todosthtell/ordersb.todosthnottodosth“Come

early

tomorrow,

Jim.”

he

said.

他说：“吉姆，明天早点来。”

→He

told

Jim

to

come

early

the

next

day.

他叫吉姆第二天早点来。

“Don’t

be

late

again,

Mary.”

he

said.

他说：“玛丽，不要再迟到了。”

→He

told

Mary

not

to

be

late

again.

他叫玛丽不要再迟到了。祈使句由直接引语变为间接引语方法为：

肯定式：

ask

/tell/

order/

sb.

to

do

sth.

否定式：ask

/tell/

order/

sb.

not

to

do

sth.其中ask,

tell,

order的选择视句子的语气而定。(2)若祈使句中没有呼语，应根据句意给动词ask,

tell,

order等补上适当的宾语。如：

“Watch

carefully.”

he

said.

他说：“仔细看着。”

→He

warned

Jim

not

to

go

out

at

night.

他警告吉姆晚上不要出去。

→He

told

us

to

watch

carefully.

他叫我们仔细看着注意：(1)除动词ask,

tell,

order外，有时也可能用其他动词。如：“Don’t

go

out

at

night,

Jim.”

he

said.

他说：“吉姆，晚上别出去。直接引语间接引语的特例

有时直接引语变为间接引语时，可根据具体的语境选用某种特定的方式，而不拘泥于以上通常方法。

“You

had

better

hurry,

Bill.”

he

said.

他说：“比尔，你最好快点。”

→He

advised

Bill

to

hurry.

他建议比尔快点。“Shall

we

meet

at

two?”

he

said.

他说：“我们两点集合好不好？”

→He

suggested

meeting

at

two.

他建议两点集合。

→He

offered

to

do

it

for

me.

他主动提出替我做。“Could

you

help

us?”

he

said.

他说：“请帮帮我们好吗？”→He

asked

me

to

help

them.

他叫我帮帮他们。“Shall

I

do

it

for

you?”

he

asked.

他说：“我替你做好吗？”请将下列句子进行直接引语和间接引语的互换。

Heorderedhertogoaway.

2.Mothersaidtome,“Comebackbefore10：00”.

Mothertoldmetocomebackbefore10:00.

3.Sheaskedustositdown.

Shesaidtous,“pleasesitdown.”

1.Hesaidtoher,“Goaway!”

一般疑问句由直接引语变为间接引语

方法是：将直接引语变为由if或whether引导的宾语从句跟在引述动词之后。如：

“Are

you

ill?”

he

asked.

他问：“你病了吗？”

→He

asked

if

/whether

I

was

ill.

他问我是否病了。

二、特殊疑问句由直接引语变为间接引语

方法是：将直接引语变为由“疑问词”引导的宾语从句跟在引述动词之后。如：

He

asked,

“When

did

she

leave?”

他问：“她什么时候离开的？”

→He

asked

when

she

had

left.

他问她什么时候离开的。

Lesson1YourChoiceGrammar:ReportedSpeechEXE4.Lookatthereportedrequestsandordersfromthequestionnaire.Whatarepeople’sactualwords?Thereisusuallymorethanoneopinion.1.Sheasksyoutohelpher.→“Helpme,please!”/“Couldyouhelpme,please?”2.Tellthemnottoworry.3.Telleverybodyonthebustoputonmoreclothes.→“Don’tworry!“Don’tworry,Please.”→“Listeneverybody.Putonmoreclothes.”4.Yourbosstellsyourteamtorepairanoldpump.5.Yourteacheraskedyourclassto

performashortplay.→Iwantyoutorepairanoldpump.→Willyouperformashortplay?6.CompletetheruleWhenwereportpeople’srequestsorordersweusethepattern:infinitive(to+verb)ask/tell/ordersomebody+Whentheorderorrequestisnegative,weusethepattern:

ask/tell/ordersomebody++infinitive(toverb)notEXE7.Reporttheseordersandrequests.Usethebeginningsprovided.1.“CouldyoulendmeaPen?”Peteraskedme2.“Don’tlosethereceipt.It’simportant.”Thesalesgirlinstructedtheshopper

nottolosethereceipt.tolendhimapen.4.“Canyougivemealifthome?”MaryaskedJohn3.“Checkforerrors,Please.”Theteacherorderedtheclass

tocheckforerrors.

togiveheralifthome/ifhecouldgiveheralifthome.5.“Don’tdrinkthatliquid.Idon’tthinkit’swater.”Theboyadvisedthegirlnottodrinkthatliquid.6.“Readthetextandanswerthecomprehensionquestions.”Theteachertoldthestudentstoreadthetextandanswerthecomprehensionquestions.EXE8.Themanagerofanofficeisilland,onthephone,givesherassistantinstructionsforthepeopleintheoffice.RewritetheinstructionsstartingwithTell.Mrs.SmithmustcancelmytriptoParis.2.JohnmustmovePeter’sdesktoroom308.TellMrs.SmithtocancelmytriptoParis.TellJohntomovePeter’sdesktoroom308.3.Heshouldn’tannouncetheresultsbeforetheendofthemonth.Tellhimnottoannouncetheresultsbeforetheendofthemonth.5.Marymustn’tsendthechartsoffbeforeIcomeback.

4.HeshouldconsultMr.Jensenaboutthenewaccountonthe24th.TellhimhehastoconsultMr.Jensenaboutthenewaccountonthe24th.6.SheshouldpreparetheinformationIneedformypresentation.TellhertopreparetheinformationIneedformypresentation.TellMarynottosendthechartsoffbeforeIcomeback.EXE9.Readthenoticeonhowtobehaveonthefirstdayinanewjob.Reporteachpieceofadvice.Thenoticeadvisespeopletobefriendlyandkind,andtellsthemnottowearcasualclothes.Thenoticetellspeoplenottoshareverypersonalinformation.Thenoticetellspeoplenottotrytomakefriendswiththeboss.Thenoticetellspeopletolistenratherthanspeakandlearnasmuchaspossibleaboutthejobandthecompany.Thenoticetellspeopletoworkhardandn