Unit1Grammar and Integrated Skills 课文及翻译-高中英语牛津译林版选修第一册

Unit1OurlivingplanetGrammarandcompositionp6Inversion倒装AExploringtherulesBelowisanarticlefromasciencewebsiteaboutthechanginglengthsofdaysandyears.Findthesentencesthatuseinversionandfillintheboxbelow.Thefirstonehasbeendoneforyou.下面是一篇来自科学网站的文章，探讨了日期和年份的变化规律。找出使用倒装句的句子，填入下面的方框，第一个已经完成了。Seldomdowedoubtthatadayis24hourslongandthatayearconsistsof365days(well,alittlemoreactually,whichiswhywehaveleapyears).ThesetimingsarebasedontheEarth'splanetarymotions.IttakestheEarthadaytospinonceonitsaxisandayeartomakeonecompletecircularmovementaroundtheSun.However,woulditsurpriseyoutolearnthatscientistshavefoundevidencethatthishasnotalwaysbeenthecase?Undertheoceansliesthehiddenevidenceforthechanginglengthsofdaysandyears.Ancientcorals,justliketreetrunks,showdistinctgrowthrings,andbycountingtheserings,itispossibleforscientiststocalculatethenumberofdaysinayear,manymillionsofyearsago.Hereisanexample.Bystudyingcoralsthatwereover400millionsyearsold,scientistsestimatethatanearthyearwas420dayslongbackthen.Similarly,tidalrecordslaiddowninancientrivermouthsalsorevealdifferentlengthsofdaysandyearsinthepast.Examiningthedaily,monthlyandseasonalcyclesofthesetidalrecordsletsscientistsknowthenumberofdaysinpreviousyears.Theyindicate,forinstance,that620millionyearsagothedaywaspossibly3hoursshorterthanitistoday.Basedonallthisevidence,notonlydoscientistsconcludethatthelengthsofdaysandyearshavechangedinpasteras,theyalsopredictthatdayswillgetlongerinthefuture.So,oneday,theexpression24/7maywellhavetobereplacedwiththerevisedexpression,25/7!我们很少怀疑一天有24小时长，一年有365天(嗯，实际上多一点，这就是为什么我们有闰年)。这些时间是基于地球的行星运动。地球绕地轴转一圈需要一天，绕太阳转一圈需要一年。然而，当你得知科学家发现证据表明事实并非总是如此时，你会感到惊讶吗?在海洋下面隐藏着日期和年份变化的证据。古代的珊瑚，就像树干一样，呈现出独特的生长年轮，通过计算这些年轮，科学家可以计算出一年中，几百万年前的天数。这里有一个例子。通过研究超过4亿年的珊瑚，科学家估计地球年的时间是420天。同样，古代河口的潮汐记录也揭示了过去不同的日期和年份的长度。通过检查这些潮汐记录的每日、每月和季节周期，科学家们可以知道前几年的天数。例如，他们指出，6.2亿年前的一天可能比今天短3个小时。根据所有这些证据，科学家们不仅得出结论，过去时代的天和年的长度已经改变，他们还预测未来的天将会变长。所以，有一天，这个表达式24/7很可能会被修改过的表达式25/7所取代！Integratedskillsp8TalkingaboutclimateADanielisdoingaschoolscienceprojectfortheupcomingWorldMeteorologicalDay.Readtheleafletaboutclimateandanswerthefollowingquestions.Daniel正在为即将到来的世界气象日，做一个学校科学项目。阅读有关气候的小册子，并回答以下问题。Inrecentyears,muchoftheworld'spopulationhasbeendrawnintoconversationsanddebatesabouttheworld'sclimateandtheworryingprospectofclimatechange.Let'slookatsomebasicinformationaboutclimate.近年来，世界上许多人都参与到有关世界气候和令人担忧的气候变化前景的对话和辩论中。让我们来看一些关于气候的基本信息。Q:Whatisthedifferencebetweenweatherandclimate?A:Weatheristhestateoftheatmosphereataparticularplaceandtimewithregardtoheat,wind,rain,etc.Climate,however,isthetypicallong-termpatternofweatherinaparticulararea.Forexample,aregionmightbedescribedasgenerallywarmanddry,orcoldandwet.Toputitsimply,climateiswhatyoucanexpectbutweatheriswhatyouactuallyget!Q:Whatfactorsaffectclimate?A:Thereareanumberoffactorsthataffecttheclimateofaregionbutthemostsignificantare:distancenorthorsouthoftheequator,heightabovesealevel,winds,andoceancurrents.Inrecentyears,ithasbeenwidelyacceptedthathumanactivityisnowimpactingontheworld'sclimate.Q:Howhasclimatechanged?A:Climatechangeisquitenormalforourplanet.Weknowfromtheevidenceofseveniceagesoverthelast650,000yearsthattheEarthhasalwaysexperiencedclimatechange.However,measurementstakenbyscientistsinrecentyearsshowthatthetemperaturesoftheEarthhavebeenrisingattheirquickestrateever.In2020,thetemperatureintheSouthPolereachedarecordhighof18.3°C.Itisestimatedthatsealevelshaverisenbyover20centimetressince1880.Themaincausewouldseemtobehumanactivityincreasingtheamountofgreenhousegasesintheatmosphere,whichhelptrapheatwithintheEarth'satmosphere.问:天气和气候的区别是什么?答:天气是指某个特定地点和时间的大气状况，包括热量、风、雨等。例如，一个地区可能被描述为一般温暖和干燥，或寒冷和潮湿。问:什么因素影响气候?答:有许多因素影响一个地区的气候，但最重要的是:赤道以北或以南的距离，海平面以上的高