《英语学术论文写作（第三版）》课件English Academic Writing-第三章-第三版

EnglishAcademicWritingChapter3:ResearchTopicChapterThreeResearchTopicLeadin:

(1)Doyouthinktheresearchtopicisimportant?Whyorwhynot?(2)Whenwechooseatopic,whatshouldweconsider?(3)Ingroupsofthreeorfour,discussthecommonmethodstochooseresearchtopics.Howdoyouusuallychooseyourresearchtopics?(4)Doyouusetablesandfiguresinacademicpapers?Whyorwhynot?(5)Whatarethecommonpatternsforwritingessays?

ChapterThree:ResearchTopic

PartOne:ChoosingaTopic

PartTwo:TablesandFigures

PartThree:CauseandEffectChapterThree

PartOne:ChoosingaTitle1.Introduction

Theimportanceofchoosingatitleisself-evident,itisthestartingpointofscientificresearch.

Indicatingtheperspective,thedirectionandscaleofthepaperDeterminingtheacademicvalueofscientificBearingonthesuccessorfailureofthesiswritingChapterThree

PartOne:ChoosingaTitle2.PrinciplesofTitleSelectionValuePrincipleScientificPrincipleInnovativePrincipleFeasibilityPrincipleChapterThree

PartOne:ChoosingaTitle3.MethodsforChoosingaTitleIngeneral,therearesixmainmethodsforchoosingaresearchtitle.(1)Consultyourprofessororanexpert(2)Participateinacademicconferencesandacademiclectures(3)Selectfrompuzzlingproblems(4)Readbooksandnewspapers(5)Choosefromyourowninterests(6)LiteraturereviewChapterThree

PartOne:ChoosingaTitle4.WaystoNarrowDownTitlesStep1:choosingageneraltopicStep2:narrowingitdowntoasmallerandmorefeasibletopicE.g.①LiteratureLiteraryCriticismLiteraryCriticismatCambridgeDevelopmentofLiteraryCriticismatCambridgeTheTraditionandDevelopmentofLiteraryCriticismatCambridge②Translation:FactorsinTranslationCulturalFactorsinTranslationCulturalFactorsinTranslationandTheirTransferChapterThree

PartOne:ChoosingaTitleActivity1:Inpairsorgroups,pleasenarrowdownthefollowingtopicstomorepracticalresearchtopics:

①Learningstrategies②Literature③Languageteaching④Translation⑤SyllabusChapterThree

PartOne:ChoosingaTitle

key:①LearningstrategiesEnglishlearningstrategiesAffectivestrategyinEnglishlearning②LiteratureLiteraryCriticismLiteraryCriticismatCambridgeDevelopmentofLiteraryCriticismatCambridge③Languageteaching:Competency-basedapproachinlanguageteachingCompetency-basedapproachincollege-Englishteaching④TranslationFactorsinTranslationCulturalFactorsinTranslationCulturalFactorsinTranslationandTheirTransfer⑤Syllabus:SyllabuscomparisonSyllabuscomparisonincollegeSyllabuscomparisonincollegeofChina

ChapterThree

PartOne:ChoosingaTitle5.PurposesofTitlesAttractingthereaders’attentionAidingininformationretrievalFacilitatingreviewandlayoutChapterThree

PartOne:ChoosingaTitle6.StandardsforGoodTitlesGenerallyspeaking,thetitleshouldbeshort,accurate,complete,self-contained,andconvenientforretrieval;includekeywords;avoidinaccurate,vagueandtoo-longexpressions.(1)AccuracyE.g.:

Originaltitle:DevelopmentandExplorationonUtilizationofNewResourcesfortheCountryside

Revisedtitle:UtilizationofMarshGasfortheCountrysideChapterThree

PartOne:ChoosingaTitle(2)BrevityE.g.:Originaltitle:

OntheAdditiontotheMethodofMicroscopicResearchbyaNewWayofProducingColor-ContrastBetweenanObjectandItsBackgroundorBetweenDefinitePartsoftheObjectItselfRevisedtitle:

ANewWayofProducingColor-ContrastinMicroscopicExaminationChapterThree

PartOne:ChoosingaTitle(3)ClarityThetitleshouldclearlyreflectthesubjectofthepaper.Title:IncorporationofaNon-HumanGlycanMediatesHumanSusceptibilitytoaBacterialToxinConclude:ThistitlefromNaturemagazineclearlyreflectstheobjective,contentandmethodofthepaper.ChapterThree

PartOne:ChoosingaTitleActivity2:

Evaluatethefollowingtitlesanddecidewhethertheyarefeasibleresearchtopicsaccordingtotheprinciplesforagoodtitle.

(1)TheAcquisitionofEnglish(2)TheMasteryofModalVerbsbyChineseLearners(3)StructuralAnalysesBasedonaPointChargeModelChapterThree

PartOne:ChoosingaTitleKey:(1)toobroad(2)toobroad(3)plausibleChapterThree

PartOne:ChoosingaTitle7.WritingFormatsforTitles

Titlesareusuallywritteninthefollowingthreeformats:①Allthelettersofthetitlearecapitalized.②Thefirstletterofeachcontentwordsofthetitleiscapitalized.③Thefirstletterofthetitleiscapitalized.

（Thetitleassignedafterthepaperiswrittenshouldtrulyreflectthebasiccontentandfocusofthepaper.Thenumberofwordsinthetitleisalsoanimportantissue.Publishersusuallylimitthetitletonomorethanfifteenwords.Sometimes,whenlongtitlescannotadequatelyexpressthecontentofthepaper,then,asubtitleapproachcanbeadoptedtosupplementandclarify.）

gotomainChapterThree

PartTwo:TablesandFigures1.Introduction

Inliberalartsorscientificpapers,tablesandillustrationsarefrequentlyusedtohelpreadersunderstandthecontent.Tablesandfiguresareusedasamoreefficientwaytoconveyinformationthanverbaldescription.ChapterThree

PartTwo：TablesandFigures2.TablesSomewidelyobservedguidelinesfortheuseoftablesare:①Thetableshouldbeself-contained.②Atableisusuallyplacedinapositionnearitsrelevantdescription.

③Provideeachtablewithanumber(Table1,Table2,etc.)andatitle.④Thetitleshouldbeclear,concise,completeandaccurate.Trytousedescriptivewords,notabbreviatedforms.Thereshouldbenopunctuationattheendofthetitle.⑤Thetitleofatableordiagrammostcommonlyfollowsthesamethreemethodsasgivenaboveforthepapertitle.

ChapterThree

PartTwo：TablesandFigures⑥Theformatofthecolumntitle.Thefirstletterofthefirstwordandpropernounsarecapitalized,otherwordsareinlowercase.Thereisnopunctuationincolumntitles.Ifyouuseabbreviations,usecommonacronyms.⑦Notesoftable.Toexplainthecolumntitle,abbreviations,symbolsanddata,addnotesorfootnotesatthebottomofthetable.⑧Donotrepeatinformationinatablethatyouaredepictinginagraphorhistogram;includeatableonlyifitpresentsnewinformation.⑨Itiseasiertocomparenumbersbyreadingdownacolumnratherthanacrossarow.ChapterThree

PartTwo:TablesandFigures3.Figures

Figuresrefertoexplanatorymaterials:maps,photos,images,graphs,histogramsandillustrations.(1)GraphsandHistograms(2)DrawingsandPhotographs

(3)GuidelinesforFigures(4)TypesofFiguresChapterThree

PartTwo:TablesandFigures(3)GuidelinesforFigures①Self-contained.②Numbereachfigure(Fig.1,Fig.2,etc.)andgiveacaptionthatexplainswhatthefigureshows.③Illustrationsornote.④Usedifferentnamesinaseriestodistinguishdifferenttypesoffigures.⑤Figuressubmittedforpublicationmustbe“photoready”.⑥Proportionsmustbethesameasthoseonthepageofthepaper.ChapterThree

PartTwo:TablesandFigures(4)Typesoffigures①Linecharts②Barcharts③Piecharts④ScatterchartsChapterThree

PartTwo:TablesandFiguresChapterThree

PartTwo:TablesandFiguresChapterThree

PartTwo:TablesandFiguresChapterThree

PartTwo:TablesandFigures

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ChapterThree

PartThree:CauseandEffect1.Introduction

Ineverydayconversation,whenexpressingopinionsonatopic,reasonstosupportitaregiven.Ifbeginningwithacause,itseffectswillbeexplained.Ifbeginningwithsomeeffects,theresponsiblecauseswillbeexplained.Thesameistrueinwritingwherecauseandeffectusuallygotogether.ChapterTwo

PartThree:CauseandEffect2.PatternsofParagraph(1)Cause-EffectparagraphDevelopmentpattern:Effect1CauseEffect2Effect3(2)Effect-CauseparagraphDevelopmentpattern:Cause1EffectCause2Cause3ChapterThree

PartThree:CauseandEffectActivity3：AnalyzethestructureofExampleDifferentcountriesarestrivingtodeveloptheirnationaltourismbecausetourismreallyhasalotofadvantages.Firstly,beautifulscenery,attractivetouristspotsandsplendidculturealluretouristswithdifferentpartsoftheworld,whichprovidesmanyopportunitiestopromoteexchangesamongpeoplefromdifferentbackgrounds.Forexample,sincethereformandopening-up,China,acountrywhichhasrichtouristresources,receivesmillionsofforeigntouristseveryyear.ThefrequentcontactsbetweenforeigntouristsandChinesepeoplepromotetheexchangesofcultureandscience,creatinginternationalfriendshipandpromotingdeeperunderstandingandstrengtheningties.Meanwhilethishasacceleratedthedevelopmentofthesecountries.Secondly,travelenrichesone‘sknowledge,widensone’svisionandenhancesmutualunderstanding.Inthepast,Chinesepeopleknewlittleoftheoutsideworld.Sincethereformandopening-up,withpeople‘slivingstandardgreatlyimproved,moreandmorepeoplehavethechancestogoabroadforsightseeing.Throughtraveling,weChinesehaveexpandedourscopeofknowledge,andwehavecometoknowtheworldbetterandhavebeenlearninghowtodevelopourowncountrybetter.Thirdly,tourismboosts

localeconomyandpromotescommercialexchanges.Singaporeissuchagoodexample.Itisasmallcountrywithscarcenaturalresources.Butowingtotheprosperoustourism,thecountry’seconomydevelopsverywellanditisnamedoneofthefoureconomic“tigers”innortheasternAsia.(EN8848原版英语，2011）ChapterThree

PartThree:CauseandEffectKeytoActivity3:Effect:Differ