12年西北大学博士入学考试试题

第第页共10页第第5页共】0页Iifemoments,youcan4treallymanagetothinkbeyondtheblistersyournewshoesarcsusi唯Thaimayseemanticlimactic.Butitalsogetstotheheartofoneofgreatest.saddest〔ruths：thatourmosi-memorable"occasionsmayelicitthefc^xjstmemories.Ifsprobablynoisomethingmostgraduationspeakerswouldsay.butit'soneofthefirstlessonsofgrowingup.Accordingtothepassage,mostgraduationspeeclxrstendtorecallmemories.greattrivialunfor^cnable\Ji^nimaginative-Butgraduationspeechesarelessaboutthemessagethanthemessenger-isexplainedA.inthefinalparagraph.-^hesameparagmph.28.ThegraduationspeechesmentionedinthepassagearcrelatedlothefollowingthemesEXCEPTdeath.success.service.\p^enerositj,._2g.Itisimpliedinthepassagethatatgrgtmomejitsjxxiplefailtoremainclear-hcadcd.keepgoodminers.rememterothers*words.recollectspecificdetails.Whalis*oneofthefirstlessonsofgrowingup*?A.Attendingagraduationceremony.^Listeningtograduationspeeches.Forgettingdetailsofmemorableevents.Meetinghigh-profilegraduationspeakers.Text3AsPhiladelphiagrewfromasmalltownintoacityinthefirsthalfoftheeighteenthcentury,itbecameanincreasinglyimportantmarketingcenterfbravastandgrowingagriculturalhinterland.Marketdayssawthecrowdedcityevenmorecrowded,aslinefannersfromwithinaradiusof24ormorekilometersbroughttheirsheep,cows,pigs,vegetables,cider,andotherproductsfbrdirectsaleiothetownspeople.TheHighStreetMarketwascontinuouslyenlargedthroughouttheperioduntil1736.whenitreachedfromFrontStreettoThird.By1745NewMarketwasopenedonSecondStreetbetweenPineandCedar.ThenextyeartheCallowhillMarketbeganoperation.Alongwithmarketdays,theinstitutionoftwice-yearlyfairspersistedinPhiladelphiaevenaftersimilartradingdayshadbeendiscontinuedinothercolonialcities.Thefairsprovidedamecmofbringing|laildn(Hirlyingplacescowould-bemihecity.MomjAsians、y(O的.、P°popularmeehanisopposed—沁向tradeiieeauseofthecompetition.rcU.II■nd3t沁mw”-lhan"gEovcrnmenulaitcmpUto皿记女企心—*可叫mm,”二:二—…皿川merchantsbecamedinrCix?ntialvdJ"*、2川的jgametheorderoftheday.Exportappearinadditionlogenem!劭『J"；""⑺m恤counterparts,andspecialtyshopsbegantoOneofthes-勺工："…"“'门出的surroundinganenwasundu唔由口：；；：“‘、,ncrchnn^hespita：ccni，omic秘心denu^mphkgrowth.Theydidtheirhiscircle,butcitizensfromallprov,nccNo<onlydidtheycatertothegovernorandassemblyandcouncilandthem:‘…”'竺cameiothecapitalforlegislativesessionsofthe

”2°fIMcourtsofjgkx.Whatdoestheparagemainh亩乂运？A.^hilad即也但㈣坐imponancc阴职堂必皿^a-center.C.Thesalcofimported^oodsinPhiladelphia.!D.TheadministrationjifthscityofPhiladelphiaThewoE-hinterland-inline3isdosestinmeaningto/.tmdmmB.association.C.produce.\T><cgion.,33.hcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatnewmarketsopenedinPhiladelphiabemusethe)providedmoremodemfacilitiesthanoldermarkets.B-theHighStreetMarketwasforcedtoclose.1^/€kis〔ingmarketswereunabletoserveihegrowingpopulation.D.farmerswantedmarketsthatwereclosertoihefann^.34夕csrdingtothepassage,fairsinPhiladelphiawereheld^/onthesamedayasmarketsays.asoftenaspossible.acoupleoftimesayear.wheneverthegovernmentallowedit.35.Itcanbeinferredthattheauthormentions"Linensandstockings"inline12toshowtliattheywereitemsthatretailmerchantswerenotwillingtosell.werenotavailableinthestoresinPhiladelphia.weremorepopularinGermantownmaninPhiladelphia.D.couldeasilybetransported.Whatdoestheauthormeanbystatinginline15that-economicdevelopmentwasonthemerchants*sideM?Merchantshadastrongimpactoneconomicexpansion.Economicforcesallowedmerchantstoprosper.ML^ferchantshadtoworktogethertoachieveeconomicindependence.¥SpecialtyshopsnearlargemarketsweremorelikelytobeeconomicallysuccessfulText4Dc^ndi:^onwhomyoubelieve.tl>eaverageAmericanwill,overalifetime,waitinlinesfortwoycais3ys61alPublicRndio)orfive)cars(accordingtocusiomer-ioyahyexperts).TheCrucialwoN沃average,aswealthyAmeric;msroulinelyavoidlinesaltogetlier.QofiCJhfimostdcmccnitic八1h“garcraMlybeccmin—iheexclusiveprovinceofsuckers(neopkwhosiillbcliGQJn^ljdpracliggwailuminJincsxPocH^kcrs^miiSlh：-AirportsresembleFrancebeforetheRevolution:Gist-classpassengersenjoysecuritylinesandprioritybonding,anddisembarkbeforetheunwashedincoach,heldalbaybyaflighiattenam・aieallowediofoultheJetway.Atamusementparks,too.youcannowbuyyourwayoutofline.Ihissummer1haplesslywatchedkidsusea$52GoldFlashPasstojumpthelinesatSixFlagsNewEngland,andsimilarsvstemsarcinuseinmostmajorAmericanthemeparks,fromUniversalOrlarvdotoWallDisney\io，d.wherethehavesgettowatch(heluvc-inoresbreezepastonIheirwaytotheirscats.FlashPassteacheschildrenavaluablelessoninreal-worldeconomics:thatthericharcmoreimportantthanyou,especiallywhenitcomestowaiting.AnNBAplayeroncesaidtome,withabemusedchuckleofdisbelief,(hatwhenplayinginCanada-getthisJ*chavetouaitinthesamecustomslineaseverybodyelse."Almosteverylinecanbebreachedforaprice.InseveralU.S.citiesthissummer,earlyarriversamongtheearlyadopterssitingtobuyiPhonesofferedtoselltheirspotsinthelines.OnCraigslistprospectiveiPhonepurchasersofferedtopay“waiters”or“placeholders"towaitinlineforthemoutsideApplestores.Inevitably,somesemi-populistpoliticianshaveseenthevalueofsort-otwaitinginlineswiththeordinarypeople.ThissummerPhiladelphiamayorJohnStreetwaitedoutsideanAT&Tstorefrom3:30a.m.to11:30a.m.beforeastand-infromhisofficeliterallysioodinforihemayorwhileheconductedofficialbusiness.AndbillionaireNewYorkmayorMichaelBloombergoftenwaitsfor(hesubwaywithhisfellowcitizens,thoughhe'sfirstdrivenbymotorcadepasttheslopnearesthishousetoastation22blocksaway,wherethewait,oratleasttheride,isshorter.Asearlyaselementaryschool,wentoldthatjumpingthelineisanunethicalact,whichiswhysomanyU.S.lawmakershaveframedtheimmigrationdebateasakindoffundamentalsinoftheschoollunchline.AlabamaSenatorRichardShelby,tocilcjustonelegislator,saidamnestywouldallowillegalimmigrants"tocutinlineaheadofmillionsofpeople?Nothingannoysanationallawmakermorethanapersonwhowillnotwaitinline,unlessthatlineisintrontofanelevatorattheU.S.Capitol,whereSenatorsandRepresentativesuseprivateelevators,lesttheyhavetoqueuewiththeirconstituents.Butcompromisingtheintegrityofthelineisnotjustantidemocratic,it'sout-of-date.There晔somethingabouttheorderlyboardingofNoah'sArk.nvobytwo,thatseemedtorestorenotjustcivilizationbutcivilityduringtheGreatFlood.HowcivilwasyourIasiflight?SouthwestzMrlineshasfirst-come,firsbservedfestivalseating.Butfor$5Perflight,anunaffiliatedcompanycalledBoardFwillsecureyouacovetedWboardingpasswhenthatairlineopensforonlinecheck-in24hoursbeforedeparture.Thus,thesavyytravelerdoesn'tevenwaitinlinewhenheorsheisonline.Someculturesarenotrenownedforliningup.Thenagain,someculturesaretooadeptathningup:acitizenoftheformerSovietUnionwouldjoinaqueuejustsohecouldgettothehead°fthatqueueandseewhaievervonewasqueuingfor..l]S“hosocieiyseemst。bec—ingw—中Andthenthereisth：u.；ImpaticnlPersons,whodo-unhappilyimportantPersons,whodon'：*；onsigncdt0coach.bereftofFlashPass.u>口^山Forthoseofusmthe》WedowhatVladimirandEstragondidin\\「鹏forGodot-Wewait.Wearebored.m—WOnccthemostdemocraticofinstitutions,linesare■:XXM黑。…E)丁LinesarcsymbolicofAmerica'sdemocracy.BLincsstillgiveAmericansequalopportunities.cLinesarenowforordinalAmericansonly.黑渭制citedLanexampleofbreachingtheline?A.GoingthroughthecustomsataCanadianairport.B・UsingGoldFlashPassesinamusementparks.First<1asspassengerstatusatairports.Purchaseofaplaceinalinefromaplaceholder.Wecaninferfromthepassagethatpoliticians(includingmayorsandCongressmen)prefertostandinlineswhhordinarypeople.advocatethevalueofwaitinginlines.believeinandpracticewaitinginlines.exploitwaitinginlinesfortheirowngood.Whatisthetoneofthepassage?A.Instructive.B.Humorous.C.Serious.D.Teasing.TEXTMANAGEMENT(10%)Readthetextaboutcareer-planningseniccs.Choosethebestsentencefollowingthetexttofilleachofthegaps.Foreachgap41-46,writeoneletter(A-H)onyourANSWERSHEET.Donotuseadvlettermorethanonce.Therebanexampleatthebeginning.(O)YourCareerPathCanLeadYouAnywherebeadvisedtoplanourcapers.Weweretoldtomakeapianduringthelaterstages017CdU^，On'团C°nt，nue皿itthroughourworkinglives^O)SomepeoplestillseecarersPlanningforasinglecareerassumesthatwesetoutwith°gii案HXZM黑:isOpen，0区胜。r:置黑麒黑喏是落飞…黑占工?学陵1thatwecannotforeseerh…「changeswhichwillaffectourbeojg,^CW”changeisaccelerating.asaresultofwhichtraditionalcareerplanstill°verylimiteduse.(43^Jhcywillneedupdatingtoreflectchangesinourowninterestsaswell,n由^externalworkenvironment.Flexibleworkersalreadyaccountforabouthalfthe^orkfbrce.(4^-Wearclikelytofaceperiodsascontractworkers,self-employances.Consultants,tempsorpart-timers.Manyemployersencouragestafftowriteapersonaldevelopmentplan(PDP)(45)Althoughsomepeopleuseitonlytoreviewtheskillsneededfortheirjob.aPDPcouldbethenucleusofwidercareerplan-settingoutalternativelong-tennlearningneedsandaplanofself-development.AreportissuedbytheInstituteofEmploymentStudiesadvisespeople10enhancetbeiremployabilitybymovingfromtraditionaltechnicalskillstowardstheattainmentofarangeoftransferableskills.(4^lnstead.specialschemesshouldbeestablisliedtoencouragepeopletoexaminetheircflcctivcncssandtoconsiderawiderrangeofneeds.Example:I0|ABCDEFGAThisdualeflectmeanstlwttherelationshipbetweenqnployersand、、。出。hasevolvedtosuchandextentthatwecannolongerexpertalung-tennrelationshipwithoneemployer.Itcarriesanimplicitassumptionthatweourselves,andihejobsweenter,willchangelittleduringourworkinglives.Thisgrowthsuggeststhatacareerplanshouldnotbeexpressedonlyintermsoffull-timeemploymentbutshouldmakeprovisionforthepossibilityofbecomingoneot」he.thisisasummaryofone'spersonallearningneedsandanactionplantomeeithem.Consequently,theymustnowaccommodateanumberofobjectivesandenableustoprepareforeachonacontingencybasis.RHowever,itwarnsthatemployersoftcnidentifytrainingneedsthroughformalappraisals,whichtaketoonarrowaviewofdevelopment.GSuchafreelanceof巴nsultanivyouldbe8nsidemand.H.Wewereexpectedtoworktowardsthatonecleargoalandioconsideracareerchangeasabadthing.B：TRANSLATION(25%)Task1(15%)Directions:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsentencesintoChineseYourtranslatedversionmustbewrittenclearlyontheANSWESHEET.Inasense,IhenewDrotectionismisprotcclionisma〔MLatIcaslnoiintheiradilionajsenwoftheterm.Theoldprotcciicnismreferred。。1丫loiraderestrictingandiradeexpandingdevices,suchasthelarifTorexportsubsidy.ThunewDrotectionismismuchbroaderthanthis;ilincludesimervvnlionsintoforeigntradebinisnotlimitedloihem..ThenewDrote