chapter-9英语翻译方法技巧课件

吴宜涛2013/5Division&Condensation吴宜涛Contents拆译法拆译单词拆译短语拆译复合句拆译整个句子缩译法压缩短语或从句复合句压缩成简单句Contents拆译法Intranslation,ifwefollowtheoriginalsentencestructure,wemayfindithardtoreproducetheoriginalthought.Besidesotherwaystodealwiththiscase,wemaydividesuchasentenceintotwoormorepartsbypickingoutthosewords,phrasesorclauseswhichare“hardnutstocrack”andmakingthemintoChineseword-groups,clausesorsentences,coordinateorsubordinate.Indivision,wehavetodeterminewheretodivide,howtodivide,whatthesubjectorthepredicateofthenewclauseorsentenceshouldbe,andhowtorearrangevariouspartsoftheoriginalsentence.ThesemayinvolvesuchtechniquesasConversion,AmplificationandInversion.Intranslation,ifwefollowtPickingOutofWordsItisadvisabletopickoutthosewordswhicharehardtoreproduceintheoriginalstructureandexpandthemintoChineseword-groups,clausesorsentences.Thereareusuallythreestepstodealwithsuchwords:(1)Determinewhichword(s)topickout;(2)ApplyConversionorAmplification,ifnecessary,tomakethetranslatedversionsmoothandwell-connected;(3)RearrangethewordorderaccordingtotheChinesemodeofexpression.PickingOutofWordsItisadviExamples:HeremindedmeofwhatIshouldotherwisehaveforgotten.他提醒了我，要不然我就把这事给忘了。Ishallbegladofyourcompanyonthejourney.如果你能陪我一块去，我会很高兴。TheprisonersarepermittedtoreceiveRedCrossfoodparclesandwritecensoredletters.那些囚犯得到允许，可以领取由红十字会提供的食品包裹，也可以写信，不过所写信件要接受检查。Examples:Thetimecouldhavebeenmoreprofitablyspentinmakingadetailedinvestigation.(=Ifthetimehadbeenspentinmakingadetailedinvestigation,itcouldhavebeenmoreprofitable)如果当初把时间花在做一番详细的调查上，收获就会更大。英语很多句子中的某个词语，尤其是副词，看上去是修饰与其相邻的某个成分，但实际上是对整个句子所陈述的内容进行描述或评价。ThetimecouldhavebeenmoreIhadunforgivably,inastealthymanner,peepedathercorrespondence.我偷偷摸摸地看她的信件，这实在是难以宽恕的行为。Theyrelentlesslytearattheflowerstheysee.他们见花就摘，毫不爱惜。HearrivedinWashingtonataripemomentinternationally.他来到华盛顿，就国际形势来说，时机正合适。Ihadunforgivably,inastealTheseniorleaders’departurecouldcuriouslyhelpthetwopartiessinkanage-longpartyfeud.老一代领导人的离去竟然使这两个政党陷入了长期的不和，这确实让人百思不得其解。TheChineseseemedjustifiablyproudoftheireconomicachievements.中国人似乎为他们在经济上取得的成就而自豪，这是合乎情理的。Theseniorleaders’departurePickingOutofPhrasesParticipialphrases,nounphrases,andprepositionalphrases,etc.,ifhardtoreproduceintheoriginalstructure,maylikewisebepickedoutandexpanded.Example:Acrashingthunderstorm,withthickrainhissingdownfromskiesblackasnight,stoppedVictorHenryfromleavingtheWhiteHouse.轰隆几声雷响，从暗如黑夜的天空哗啦啦下起大雨来。维多克亨利无法离开白宫。NixonwasgreatlyimpressedbyStassen’sfirmhandshake.史塔生紧紧和他握手，尼克松对这一点印象很深刻。PickingOutofPhrasesSplittingofComplexSentencesAcomplexsentence,composedoftwoormoreclauses,oftenexpressesaseriesoflogicalpropositions.InChinese,however,suchnotionsarepreferablyexpressedinseparateclausesorsentences,whicharearrangedinacertainorder.SeparatetheAdjectiveClausefromtheMainClauseExamples:OnbehalfofallofyourAmericanguests,IwishtothankyoufortheincomparablehospitalityforwhichtheChinesepeoplearejustlyfamousthroughouttheworld.我谨代表你们的所有美国客人向你们表示感谢，感谢你们的无可比拟的盛情款待。中国人民以这种盛情款待而闻名于世。SplittingofComplexSentencesThiswastheperiodwhenEinsteinbegantheresearchwhichresultedinthecreationofhisfamousTheoryofRelativity.就在这期间，爱因斯坦开始进行一项研究。经过这项研究，他创立了著名的相对论。Thereisnowasingleacceptedpronunciationforthevastmajorityofwordsinordinarypoliteuse,deviationfromwhichisregardedeitherasaprovincialismorasavulgarism.现今日常社交所用的大多数词语的读音已有了一个公认的统一的标准。不符合这个标准，就被称为方言或俗语了。ThiswastheperiodwhenEinstMatterhascertainfeaturesorpropertiesthatenableustorecognizeiteasily.物质具有一定的特征或特性，所以我们能够很容易地识别它。Agasoccupiesallofanycontainerinwhichitisplaced.气体不管装在什么容器里，都会把容器填满。Matterhascertainfeaturesor(2)SeparateOtherClausesfromtheMainClauseWemayseparateotherclausesfromthemainclauseandrearrangethewordorder,renderingthemainclauseorthesubordinateclauseintoChineseindependentelement(独立成分)orextra-positionelement(外位成分).Examples:Itisafamiliarfactthatnothinginnaturewilleitherstartorstopmovingofitself.自然界任何物体的运动都不会自行开始或自行停止运动，这是人所共知的事实。(2)SeparateOtherClausesfroItisfarmoreoftenthecasethatmetalsarecombinedchemicallywithoneormoreelements.金属和一种或多种元素化合在一起，这种情况就更多了。WearefortifiedinourhopethattheeffortsofachievingthoseendswillbegreatlystrengthenedbythearrivialoftheChinesedelegation.中国代表团的到达将大大加强为实现那些目标的努力，对此我们抱有更大的希望。ItisfarmoreoftenthecaseSplittingoftheWholeSentenceDivisionisoftenneededtotranslatecolloquialexpressions,complexandlongsentences.ItshouldbenotedthatshorterexpressionsorsentencesaregenerallypreferredinChinese.Aftersingingaconcertinthiscity,hesaidhewantedtogreethisadmirersbackstageashealwaysdoes.他在那个城市举行了一场音乐会。音乐会结束以后，他提出要像往常那样到后台去见见他的崇拜者。SplittingoftheWholeSentencItisflatteringtobelievethattheyaretooprofoundtobeexpressedsoclearlythatallwhorunmayread,andverynaturallyitdoesnotoccurtosuchwritersthatthefaultiswiththeirownmindswhichhavenotthefacultyofprecisereflection.认为自己的思想深邃，不可能表达得很清楚，让任何人都理解，这是一种虚荣的想法。这样的作家当然不会想到，问题还是出在自己的脑子缺乏精确思考的能力。Itisflatteringtobelieveth每年都有大批的外国旅游者来中国观光，中国有许多著名的旅游点，比如长城就是一个有重大历史意义的建筑物，桂林就是一个以不平凡的风景而闻名的地方。Everyyear,agreatnumberofforeigntouristscometovisitChina.Chinahasalotoffamousspots.Forexample,theGreatWallisastructureofgreathistoricalsignificance,andGuilinisaplaceknownforitsuniquescenicbeauty.每年都有大批的外国旅游者来中国观光，中国有许多著名的旅游点，在6000平方米展厅内，陈列的地毯品种多、规模全、选择余地大，将给中外客商耳目一新之感。Inthe6,000squaremetersexhibitionhall,carpetsofinnumerablevarietiesandsizeswillbeondisplay,withawiderangetofacilitatecustomers’selection.TheseproductswillimpressChineseandforeignbusinesspeople.在6000平方米展厅内，陈列的地毯品种多、规模全、选择余地大CondensationTheoppositeofdivisioniscondensation,atechniqueemployedtoachieveconcisenessandcontractednessintranslation.CondensationofPhrasesandClausesNoonehastoldthem

abouttheBritishcustomofliningupforabussothatthefirstpersonwhoarrivesatabusstopisthefirstpersontogetonthebus.谁也没有跟他们说过，英国人有排队候车、先到先上的习惯。CondensationFromthatmomenton,Kissingertoldus,theirproblemwastogearthenegotiationinsuchawaythatitwouldsupporttheirmilitaryobjectives.基辛格对我们说，从那以后，他们的问题是设法使谈判配合他们的军事目的。Fromthatmomenton,KissingerCondensationofComplexSentencesintoSimpleSentencesWhenwepraisetheChineseleadershipandthepeople,wearenotmerelybeingpolite.我们对中国领导人和中国人民的赞扬绝不是出于礼貌。Thereisnotimewhenthecirculationofwaterdoesnottakeplace.水循环无时不在进行。Mercuryexpandsasitgetshotterandcontractsasitcools.水银会热胀冷缩。CondensationofComplexSenten

吴宜涛2013/5Division&Condensation吴宜涛Contents拆译法拆译单词拆译短语拆译复合句拆译整个句子缩译法压缩短语或从句复合句压缩成简单句Contents拆译法Intranslation,ifwefollowtheoriginalsentencestructure,wemayfindithardtoreproducetheoriginalthought.Besidesotherwaystodealwiththiscase,wemaydividesuchasentenceintotwoormorepartsbypickingoutthosewords,phrasesorclauseswhichare“hardnutstocrack”andmakingthemintoChineseword-groups,clausesorsentences,coordinateorsubordinate.Indivision,wehavetodeterminewheretodivide,howtodivide,whatthesubjectorthepredicateofthenewclauseorsentenceshouldbe,andhowtorearrangevariouspartsoftheoriginalsentence.ThesemayinvolvesuchtechniquesasConversion,AmplificationandInversion.Intranslation,ifwefollowtPickingOutofWordsItisadvisabletopickoutthosewordswhicharehardtoreproduceintheoriginalstructureandexpandthemintoChineseword-groups,clausesorsentences.Thereareusuallythreestepstodealwithsuchwords:(1)Determinewhichword(s)topickout;(2)ApplyConversionorAmplification,ifnecessary,tomakethetranslatedversionsmoothandwell-connected;(3)RearrangethewordorderaccordingtotheChinesemodeofexpression.PickingOutofWordsItisadviExamples:HeremindedmeofwhatIshouldotherwisehaveforgotten.他提醒了我，要不然我就把这事给忘了。Ishallbegladofyourcompanyonthejourney.如果你能陪我一块去，我会很高兴。TheprisonersarepermittedtoreceiveRedCrossfoodparclesandwritecensoredletters.那些囚犯得到允许，可以领取由红十字会提供的食品包裹，也可以写信，不过所写信件要接受检查。Examples:Thetimecouldhavebeenmoreprofitablyspentinmakingadetailedinvestigation.(=Ifthetimehadbeenspentinmakingadetailedinvestigation,itcouldhavebeenmoreprofitable)如果当初把时间花在做一番详细的调查上，收获就会更大。英语很多句子中的某个词语，尤其是副词，看上去是修饰与其相邻的某个成分，但实际上是对整个句子所陈述的内容进行描述或评价。ThetimecouldhavebeenmoreIhadunforgivably,inastealthymanner,peepedathercorrespondence.我偷偷摸摸地看她的信件，这实在是难以宽恕的行为。Theyrelentlesslytearattheflowerstheysee.他们见花就摘，毫不爱惜。HearrivedinWashingtonataripemomentinternationally.他来到华盛顿，就国际形势来说，时机正合适。Ihadunforgivably,inastealTheseniorleaders’departurecouldcuriouslyhelpthetwopartiessinkanage-longpartyfeud.老一代领导人的离去竟然使这两个政党陷入了长期的不和，这确实让人百思不得其解。TheChineseseemedjustifiablyproudoftheireconomicachievements.中国人似乎为他们在经济上取得的成就而自豪，这是合乎情理的。Theseniorleaders’departurePickingOutofPhrasesParticipialphrases,nounphrases,andprepositionalphrases,etc.,ifhardtoreproduceintheoriginalstructure,maylikewisebepickedoutandexpanded.Example:Acrashingthunderstorm,withthickrainhissingdownfromskiesblackasnight,stoppedVictorHenryfromleavingtheWhiteHouse.轰隆几声雷响，从暗如黑夜的天空哗啦啦下起大雨来。维多克亨利无法离开白宫。NixonwasgreatlyimpressedbyStassen’sfirmhandshake.史塔生紧紧和他握手，尼克松对这一点印象很深刻。PickingOutofPhrasesSplittingofComplexSentencesAcomplexsentence,composedoftwoormoreclauses,oftenexpressesaseriesoflogicalpropositions.InChinese,however,suchnotionsarepreferablyexpressedinseparateclausesorsentences,whicharearrangedinacertainorder.SeparatetheAdjectiveClausefromtheMainClauseExamples:OnbehalfofallofyourAmericanguests,IwishtothankyoufortheincomparablehospitalityforwhichtheChinesepeoplearejustlyfamousthroughouttheworld.我谨代表你们的所有美国客人向你们表示感谢，感谢你们的无可比拟的盛情款待。中国人民以这种盛情款待而闻名于世。SplittingofComplexSentencesThiswastheperiodwhenEinsteinbegantheresearchwhichresultedinthecreationofhisfamousTheoryofRelativity.就在这期间，爱因斯坦开始进行一项研究。经过这项研究，他创立了著名的相对论。Thereisnowasingleacceptedpronunciationforthevastmajorityofwordsinordinarypoliteuse,deviationfromwhichisregardedeitherasaprovincialismorasavulgarism.现今日常社交所用的大多数词语的读音已有了一个公认的统一的标准。不符合这个标准，就被称为方言或俗语了。ThiswastheperiodwhenEinstMatterhascertainfeaturesorpropertiesthatenableustorecognizeiteasily.物质具有一定的特征或特性，所以我们能够很容易地识别它。Agasoccupiesallofanycontainerinwhichitisplaced.气体不管装在什么容器里，都会把容器填满。Matterhascertainfeaturesor(2)SeparateOtherClausesfromtheMainClauseWemayseparateotherclausesfromthemainclauseandrearrangethewordorder,renderingthemainclauseorthesubordinateclauseintoChineseindependentelement(独立成分)orextra-positionelement(外位成分).Examples:Itisafamiliarfactthatnothinginnaturewilleitherstartorstopmovingofitself.自然界任何物体的运动都不会自行开始或自行停止运动，这是人所共知的事实。(2)SeparateOtherClausesfroItisfarmoreoftenthecasethatmetalsarecombinedchemicallywithoneormoreelements.金属和一种或多种元素化合在一起，这种情况就更多了。WearefortifiedinourhopethattheeffortsofachievingthoseendswillbegreatlystrengthenedbythearrivialoftheChinesedelegation.中国代表团的到达将大大加强为实现那些目标的努力，对此我们抱有更大的希望。ItisfarmoreoftenthecaseSplittingoftheWholeSentenceDivisionisoftenneededtotranslatecolloquialexpressions,complexandlongsentences.ItshouldbenotedthatshorterexpressionsorsentencesaregenerallypreferredinChinese.Aftersingingaconcertinthiscity,hesaidhewantedtogreethisadmirersbackstageashealwaysdoes.他在那个城市举行了一场音乐会。音乐会结束以后，他提出要像往常那样到后台去见见他的崇拜者。SplittingoftheWholeSentencItisflatteringtobelievethattheyaretooprofoundtobeexpressedsoclearlythatallwhorunmayread,andverynaturallyitdoesnotoccurtosuchwritersthatthefaultiswiththeirownmindswhichhavenotthefacultyofprecisereflection.认为自己的思想深邃，不可能表达得很清楚，让任何人都理解，这是一种虚荣的想法。这样的作家当然不会想到，问题还是出在自己的脑子缺乏精确思考的能力。Itisflatteringtobelieveth每年都有大批的外国旅游者来中国观光，中国有许多著名的旅游点，比如长城就是一个有重大历史意义的建筑物，桂林就是一个以不平凡的风景而闻名的地方。Everyyear,agreatnumberofforeigntou