英语句子类型(简单句、并列句、复合句)教学文案课件

英语句子类型英语句子类型1英语句子可分为：简单句并列句复杂/合句

名词性从句状语从句定语从句主语从句 表语从句 宾语从句 同位语从句 （时间、地点、方式、原因、结果、目的、条件、让步等）英语句子可分为：名词性从句状语从句（时间、地点、方式、原因、2英语句子类型(简单句、并列句、复合句)教学文案课件3简单句的基本词序主语 动词部分 宾语 状语 （谓语） (方式 /地点/时间)I bought ahat yesterday.Thechildren ran home.We ate ourmeal insilence.Thecar stopped suddenly.简单句的基本词序主语 动词部分 宾语 状4并列句由并列连词把两个或两个以上的简单句连接起来的句子叫并列句。常见分类：1．表示同等、平行或承接关系，常用连词有and，both...and...，notonly...butalso...，neither...nor...，aswellas等。①Hehelpsmeandhealsohelpsothers.②Shenotonlygaveusalotofadvice,butalsohelpedustoovercomedifficulties.2．表示转折关系，常用连词有but，however,yet（然而），while（而）等。①Heisyoung,butheworkshard.②Sheistall,whilehereldersisterisshort.并列句由并列连词把两个或两个以上的简单句连接起来的句子叫并列5并列句3．表示选择关系，常见连词有or，not...but（不是……而是……），either...or...（要么……要么……）等。①Hurryup,orwe'llbelate.②EitheryoucometomyhomeorIgettoyours.4．表示因果关系，常见连词有as，for（因为），so等①Mikedidn'tcometoschool,forhewasill.②Heworkshard,soheisatopstudentofclass.并列句3．表示选择关系，常见连词有or，not...but（6复杂句/复合句由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成。名词性从句状语从句定语从句主语从句 表语从句 宾语从句 同位语从句 复合句复杂句/复合句由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成。名词性从7状语从句时间:Everybodywasassignedajobassoonastheyleftuniversity.地点:Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.方式:YoumustdotheexercisesasIshowyou.原因:Sincethespeakercan’tcome,we’llhavetocancelthemeeting.结果:Hewasveryangry,sothathelefttheroomwithoutsayingaword.目的:Theteachermustspeakclearlysothathisstudentscanunderstandwell.条件:Provided(that)hewinsthesupportoftheminoritygroups,hewillbeabletowintheelection.让步:Richasheis,Mr.Johnsonisbynomeansahappyman.状语从句时间:Everybodywasassigned8定语从句英语中的定语是一个词时，放在被修饰词的前面，①abeautifulgirl②alovelyboy（形容词作定语）定语是两个以上的词组、短语或从句则放在被修饰词的后面，如：③Sheisthegirlinred.（介词短语作定语）④Theladycarriedabagfullofmoney.（形容词短语作定语）⑤Heisthemanwhoyouarelookingfor.（定语从句作定语）放在名词或代词后面，由关系代词或关系副词引导的修饰该名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。定语从句英语中的定语是一个词时，放在被修饰词的前面，9HarryPorterisaboy

who

hasmagicpower.先行词关系词定语从句关系代词关系副词that，which,who,whom,whosewhere,when，whyHarryPorterisaboywhohas10先行词和关系词的关系1.Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.

2.TheboywhobrokethewindowiscalledTom.3.Theboywhoseparentsaredeadwasbroughtupbyhisgrandfather.4.TheschoolwhereIstudyisfarfrommyhome.amachine=thattheboy

=whotheboy’s

=whoseintheschool

=where关系代词实际上是先行词的复指关系词whose实际上是先行词的所有格关系副词实际上是介词＋先行词先行词和关系词的关系1.Aplaneisamachi11Jointhefollowingsentencesintoone:Aplaneisamachine.Themachinecanfly.关系代词的实质Jointhefollowingsentencesi12Jointhefollowingsentences:Aplaneisamachine.Themachinecanfly.Aplaneiscanfly.关系代词的实质amachinethemachineJointhefollowingsentences:关13Jointhefollowingsentences:Aplaneisamachine.Themachinecanfly.Aplaneiscanfly.关系代词的实质amachinethat/whichJointhefollowingsentences:关14关系代词的实质Jointhefollowingsentences:ThegirlisMary.Wesawheryesterday.

关系代词的实质Jointhefollowingsent15关系代词的实质Jointhefollowingsentences:ThegirlisMary.Wesawheryesterday.wesawyesterdayisMary.herThegirl关系代词的实质Jointhefollowingsent16关系代词的实质Jointhefollowingsentences:ThegirlisMary.Wesawheryesterday.wesawyesterdayisMary.herThegirl关系代词的实质Jointhefollowingsent17关系代词的实质Jointhefollowingsentences:ThegirlisMary.Wesawheryesterday.wesawyesterdayisMary.that/who/whomThegirl关系代词的实质Jointhefollowingsent18关系代词的基本用法关系代词指代在定语从句中所充当的成分人物句子主语宾语定语whowhomwhichthatwhose关系代词的基本用法关系代词指代在定语从句中所充当的成分人物句19关系副词的基本用法关系副词指代所充当的句子成分whenwherewhytimeplacereason时间状语地点状语原因状语关系副词的基本用法关系副词指代所充当的句子成分whenwhe20主语宾语定语宾语指出关系代词在定语从句中的成份：1.ThemanwhocametoourschoolisMr.Wang.()2.Thegirl(whom)ImetisLucy.()3.AchildwhoseparentsaredeadiscalledTom.()4.Ilikethebook(which)youboughtyesterday.()主语指出关系代词在定语从句中的成份：21定语从句限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句定语从句限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句22区别限制性定语从句：不用逗号与主句隔开，是先行词不可缺少的定语，删去后原句句意不完整。非限制性定语从句：用逗号与主句隔开，对先行词进行补充说明，删去后原句句意仍然完整。对比以下两句话：Hissisterwhoisnowadoctoralwaysencourageshimtogotocollege.Hissister,whoisnowadoctor,alwaysencourageshimtogotocollege.区别限制性定语从句：不用逗号与主句隔开，是先行词不可缺少的定23(1)which指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时，可省略。

Thesearethetrees

whichwereplantedlastyear.Thisrecorder

（which）

heisusingismadeinJapan.which关系词的具体用法(1)which指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时24Heistheman

(that)

Itoldyouabout.(2)that指人或物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时，可省略。Aplaneisamachine

thatcanfly.that注意：当关系代词前有介词时，不能用thatThisistheschool

about

whichwearetalking.Heistheman(that)Itoldyo25（3）who和whom的用法举例：Who,whom只能指人做主语：用who或thatTheteacherwhogotsicklastweekhascomebacktoschool.注意：有介词在关系代词前时，只能用whom做宾语：可用who,whom,that或省略Theman(who/whom/that)youmetyesterdayisanactor.Thetallman(who/whom/that)youjusttalkedtoismyuncle.Thetallmantowhomyoujusttalkedismyuncle.（3）who和whom的用法举例：Who,whom只能26(4)Whose的用法关系代词whose表示“……的”，是关系代词who、which的所有格，因此既可指人，也可指物。在从句中，whose作定语修饰名词，被修饰词可以是从句的主语、宾语或介词宾语。Theycleanedthehousewhosewindowsfacesouth.HeistheboywhosepenIborrowedyesterday.Thegentleman,withwhosedaughterIworked,lookeddownuponwomen.(4)Whose的用法关系代词whose表示“……的”，是关27Thehousewhosewindowisbrokenismine.

whose=thehouse’s(window)Thehouseismine.thewindowofwhichisbrokenofwhichthewindowisbrokenWhose与which的换用:结论：Whose指物时，“whose+名词”相当于“限定词+名词+of+which”或“of+which+限定词+名词”Thehousewhosewindowisbrok28When表时间Doyourememberthedaywhenweleftyouincharge?IrememberthetimewhenEricwonthespeechcompetition.（5）when的用法举例：When表时间（5）when的用法举例：29Icanneverforgettheyearof2003whenIgotmypostgraduatedegree.试比较：Icanneverforgettheyearof2003(that/which)Ispentinasmallvillage.注意：要对从句做成分分析！结论：如果从句中缺少主语或宾语，则用which/that。如果从句中不缺主语或宾语，则用when.Icanneverforgettheyearof30Where表地点Shanghaiisthecitywherehewasborn.Thisisnotafamilywherebadbehaviorgoesunpunished.（6）where的用法举例：Where表地点（6）where的用法举例：31Thesmallhousewhereshegavebirthtohersonwasburntdownyesterday.试比较：Thesmallhousewhichwasleftbyherfatherwasburntdownyesterday.注意：要对从句做成分分析！结论：如果从句中缺少主语或宾语，则用which/that。如果从句中不缺主语或宾语，则用where.Thesmallhousewhereshegave32（7）why的用法举例：Why表原因Idon’tknowthereasonwhythehouseissodirty.Iwon’tlistentothereasonwhyyoudidn’tdoyourhomework.（7）why的用法举例：Why表原因33ThisisthereasonwhyIwaslate.试比较：Thisisthereason(that/which)yougavetome.注意：要对从句做成分分析！结论：why的先行词一定是thereason,但thereason的关系词不一定是why。ThisisthereasonwhyIwasl34关系代词的用法注意点一、that和which都可以指物，that和who都能指人，但以下6种情况只能用that不能用which/who。(1)当先行词中有人又有物时。如：Doyouknowthethingsandpersons

thattheyaretalkingabout?2.关系代词用法注意点(1)只能用that不能用which的5种情况关系代词的用法注意点一、that和which都可以指物，t35(2)当先行词为anything,everything,nothing,something,few,all,none,little或者是由any,every,some,all,no,little,few,much修饰时。如：Thisisall

thatIwantfromtheschool.(3)当先行词被theonly,thevery,thelast,thenext等修饰时。如：Thisisthe

verybookthatIamlookingforthesedays.HeistheonlymanthatIwanttoseebeforeIdie.(2)当先行词为anything,everything,36(4)当先行词被最高级修饰时。如：TheTVtoweristhehighestbuildingthathasbeenbuiltinthiscity.(5)当先行词被序数词修饰时。如：Thefirstlesson

thatIlearnedwillneverbeforgotten.(6)当先行词前面有who,which等疑问代词时。如：who

istheman

that

isstandingthere?Whichisthehotelthatwasrecommended?(4)当先行词被最高级修饰时。如：(5)当先行词被序数词修饰37关系代词的用法注意点二、that和which都可以指物，但以下2种情况只能用which不能用that:(1)在非限制性定语从句中。如：English,whichisbecomingverypopularinourcountry,islearnedbymoreandmorepeople.2.关系代词用法注意点(1)只能用that不能用which的5种情况关系代词的用法注意点二、that和which都可以指物，但以38(2)当关系代词前面有介词时，如：Azooisaparkinwhichmaykindsofanimalsarekeptforexhibition.ThisistheroominwhichIlivedwhenIwasyoung.(2)当关系代词前面有介词时，如：39关系代词与关系副词When,where,why可被“介词+which”替换Doyourememberthedaywhenweleftyouincharge?Doyourememberthedayonwhichweleftyouincharge?Shanghaiisthecitywherehewasborn.Shanghaiisthecityinwhichhewasborn.Idon’tknowthereasonwhythehouseissodirty.Idon’tknowthereasonforwhichthehouseissodirty.关系代词与关系副词When,where,why可被“介40先行词为way或time的定语从句先行词是way（方式、方法），且关系词在从句中作状语时，关系词用that,inwhich或省略：Idon’tliketheway(that/inwhich)helaughsather.先行词是time，若表示“次数”则用that引导定语从句：ItisthefirsttimethatthePresidenthasvisitedourcountry.先行词为way或time的定语从句先行词是way（方式、方41一、as引导限制性定语从句主要固定结构有：thesame…assuch…asas…asso…as主句中出现thesame,as,such,so修饰先行词，需选择as做关系代词在定语从句中做主语或宾语。特殊的关系代词as的用法1.

It’sthesamebookaswewantedtofindyesterday.这和我们昨天要找的那本书是一样的。2.

SuchgirlsasheknowsaregoodatEnglish.他所认识的女孩都擅长英语。3.

Doyouhavesuchbooksaswelike?你有我们喜欢的那种书吗？4.

Thereissowarmahouseaswewanttolivein.这里有如此暖和的房子，我们都想住在里面。5.

Hehassodifficultaproblem,asnoneofuscansolve.他有如此难的一个问题，我们没有人能解决。一、as引导限制性定语从句特殊的关系代词as的用法1.

I42二、引导非限制性定语从句⑴as引导非限制性定语从句，意为“正如”“就像”“据”ashasbeensaidabove

如上所说asanybodycansee正像每个人所看到的那样aswehadexpected正如我们所预料的那样二、引导非限制性定语从句43as引导非限制性定语从句指代整个主句内容，从句可置于句首，句中或句尾，但由which引导的非限制性定语从句只能置于主句后。1.Aseveryoneknows,Chinaisabeautifulcountrywithalonghistory.每个人都知道，中国是一个有着悠久历史的美丽国家。2.Theearth,asweknow,movesroundthesun.我们都知道，地球围着太阳转。3.Tomworkshardandiswillingtohelpothers,as/whichweallknow.汤母工作努力，并且乐于助人，这一点我们都知道as引导非限制性定语从句指代整个主句内容，从句可置于句首，句44⑶

as引导定语从句不是指代主句的整句话时，如果运用的是被动语态，be动词可省略，即“as+过去分词”，但which没有这种用法。Herepeatsthatheistellingthestoryasseenbyhimselfatthetime.Ihopealltheprecautionsagainstairpollution,assuggestedbythelocalgovernment,willbeseriouslyconsideredhere.⑶

as引导定语从句不是指代主句的整句话时，如果运用的是被45特殊的关系代词but的用法but可被看作关系代词，引导定语从句，在句中作主语，在意义上相当于

who/which/that

not，即用在否定词或具有否定意义的词后，构成双重否定。There

is

no

mother

but

loves

her

children．=Thereisnomotherwhodoesn’tloveherchildren.没有不爱自己孩子的母亲。

2.ThereisnoruleinEnglishbuthasexceptions.=ThereisnoruleinEnglishthatdoesnothaveexceptions.英语中没有无例外的规则。特殊的关系代词but的用法but可被看作关系代词，引导定语从46特殊的关系代词than的用法than作关系代词时，一般用在形式为比较级的复合句中，其结构为形容词比较级．．than＋从句，than在从句中作主语或宾语，相当于that，代表它前面的先行词。在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词单复数形式与先行词保持一致。1.Weoftenadvisehimnottodrinkmore

wine

than

isgoodforhishealth.(than在从句中作主语）我们经常劝他为了身体健康不要喝过量的酒。

2.Hesmokedmorecigarettesthanhebought.

(than在从句中作宾语）他吸的香烟比他买的要多。3.Hesmokedfewer

cigarettes

than

werenormallyavailable.(than在从句中作主语）他吸的香烟比他弄到的要少。特殊的关系代词than的用法than作关系代词时，一般用在形47名词性从句在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句(NounClauses）名词从句的功能相当于名词词组,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语等名词性从句48Pointoutthefunctionofeachnouninthefollowingsentences:

1.Theworld

lovesnature.

2.Knowledgeis

power.3.We

Chinese

are

peace-loving.subjectobjectpredicativesubjectsubjectappositionpredicativePointoutthefunctionofeach49名词性从句在功能上相当于名词主语

{Hisjobisimportant.Whathedoesisimportant.表语Thisishisjob.Thisiswhathedoeseveryday.

{名词性从句在功能上相当于名词主语{Hisjobis50宾语

{Idon’tlikehisjob.Idon’tlikewhathedoeseveryday.同位语

{Idon’tknowabouttheman,Mr.White.Idon’tknowaboutthefactthatheisateacher.宾语{Idon’tlikehisjob.Id51

名词性从句

nounclause

主语从句subjectclause

宾语从句objectclause

表语从句predicativeclause

同位语从句appositiveclause根据从句在主句中语法功能的不同分为：名词性从句主语从句宾语从句表语从句52引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：

连接词：that,whether,if（不充当从句的任何成分，that只在宾语从句中的某些情况下可省略，在其他从句中都不可省略）

连接代词：what,who,whom,whose,which

连接副词：when,where,how,why以及由它们加ever构成的词如：whatever,whomever,whenever,however还有所有带how的词组如：howoften,howmany,howfar,howmuch引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：

连接词：that,wh53主语从句在复合句中作主句的主语.引导词有连词that(that

不可省),whether;代词有who,what,which;副词when,where,how,why

等.如:1.Thatheisafamoussingerisknowntous.2.WhenhewillgotoAmericaisnotyetfixed.主语从句1.Thatheisafamoussing54It作形式主语为了避免主语冗长,句子头重脚轻,经常用it作形式主语,主语从句放在后面作真正的主语，但主语从句的连接词没有变化。Thatheisafamoussingerisknowntous.(Itisknowntousthatheisafamoussinger.)WhenhewillgotoAmericaisnotyetfixed.(ItisnotyetfixedwhenhewillgotoAmerica.)It作形式主语为了避免主语冗长,句子头重脚轻,经常用it作551.It+be+形容词＋that从句Itisnecessary/

important/obvious

that…e.g.:Itiscertainthatshewillcomeheretomorrow.2.It+be+-ed分词＋that从句Itisreportedthat…据报道…Itisknowntousallthat….众所周知…Ithasbeendecidedthat……已经决定……e.g.:ItissaidthatMr.BillhasarrivedinShanghai.it作形式主语的常见结构注意：以下结构中谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should)+do”：

Itisnecessary(important,natural,strange,etc.)that…

Itissuggested(requested,proposed,desired,ordered,etc.)that…e.g.:Itisnecessarythatwe(should)getupearly.Itisrequestedthatwe(should)bequietinthehospital.1.It+be+形容词＋that从句Itis563.It+be+名词＋that从句Itiscommonknowledgethat……是常识Itisasurprisethat….令人惊奇的是…Itisafactthat……事实是……Itisnowonderthat…难怪…..e.g.:Itisapitythatwecan’tgotoBeijingwithyou.4.It+不及物动词＋that从句Itseems/appearsthat…似乎…Ithappensthat….碰巧…Itoccurredtomethat……我突然想起……e.g.:IthappenedthatIwasoutthatday.3.It+be+名词＋that从句Itisc571).主语从句一律用陈述句语序,即主语在前,谓语在后.

例:误:Whenwillhecomeisnotknown.2).连接词that在主语从句中无实际意义,但不能省略.

例:误:Hewillnotcometothemeetingthiseveningistrue.正:Whenhewillcomeisnotknown.正:Thathewillnotcometothemeetingthiseveningistrue.

主语从句中语序与that的省略：注意1).主语从句一律用陈述句语序,即主语在前,谓语在后.2).58

主语从句中的“主谓一致”：3).主语从句通常被看作一个整体,主句的谓语动词用单数形式.Thattheywillcome_______certain.4).What引导主语从句时,主句谓语动词的单复数由表语的单复数决定.Whathewants______thesebooks.Whathewants______somewater.注意isareis主语从句中的“主谓一致”：3).主语从句通常被看作一个整体59Webelieve(that)

heishonest.Wetoldhimwhywecameback.Everyoneknewwhat

happenedandthatshewasworried.宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语.引导词有连词that(that常可省略),whether,if;

代词有who,what,which;副词when,where,how,why

等.如:Webelieve(that)heishonest60一、连接词（引导词）1.当宾语从句是陈述句时（包括肯定句和否定句），连接词由that引导，因为that在从句中不作任何成分，也没有任何具体意思，因此在口语或非正式文体中常省略LinTaofeels(that)hisownteamisevenbetter.Shesays(that)shewon’ttakepartinthesportsmeetingnextSunday.Jimthought(that)thetrainwaslikeabigmovingparty.一、连接词（引导词）LinTaofeels(that)61宾语从句中的连接词that在以下三种情况下不能省略：（1）当that从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时，第2个that不能省；Hesaid(that)hewouldgotherethenextdayandthathisfamilywouldn’tgothere.（2）当that作介词宾语时，that不可省掉Thereasonliesin

thatsheworksharderthantheothersdo.（3）用it做形式宾语的宾语从句IthinkitnecessarythatyoushouldreadEnglishaloud.宾语从句中的连接词that在以下三种情况下不能省略：62在主句为动词be加某些形容词（如sorry,sure,afraid,glad等）作表语时，后面所跟的省略that的从句也可算是宾语从句I’msorry

(that)

Idon’tknow.We’resure

(that)

ourteamwillwin.I’mafraid

(that)

hewon’tpasstheexam.在主句为动词be加某些形容词（如sorry,sure,a632.当宾语从句是一般疑问句时，由连词whether或if引导（口语中常用if），因为if/whether翻译成：“是否”，具有一定的意义，所以不能省略Lilywantedtoknow

if/whether

hergrandmalikedthehandbag.Let’ssee

if/whether

wecanfindoutsomeinformationaboutthatcity.Sheaskedme

if/whether

shecouldborrowthesebooks.2.当宾语从句是一般疑问句时，由连词whether或if引64whether与if的辨用表“是否”时，在下列情况下用whether。1.主语从句、表语从句中e.g.:Whethershewillcomeisstillaquestion.Thequestioniswhethershewillcome.2.Whether置于句首，不能换成if:e.g.:Whetherthisistrue,Ican’tsay.3.介词后的宾语从句:e.g.:IworryaboutwhetherIhurtherfeeling.whether与if的辨用表“是否”时，在下列情况下用whe65whether与if的辨用4.在不定式前用whether:e.g.:Hehasn’tdecidedwhethertogobybusorbytrain.5.whetherornot连在一起引导宾语从句时不用if:e.g.:Idon’tknowwhetherornotIwillstay.6.若用if会引起歧义时，则用whether：e.g.：Pleaseletmeknowifyoulikethebook.此句可理解为：Pleaseletmeknowwhetheryoulikethebook.Ifyoulikethebook,pleaseletmeknow.whether与if的辨用4.在不定式前用whether:663.当宾语从句是特殊疑问句时，由连接代词（what,who,whom,which,whose）或连接副词（when,where,how,why）引导，因为连接代词或连接副词在从句中担任一定的句子成分，具有一定的意义，所以不可以省略Doyouknowwhathesaidjustnow?Idon’trememberwhenwearrived.IaskedhimwhereIcouldgetsomuchmoney.Pleasetellmewho(whom)wehavetosee.Doyouknowwhattimetheplaneleaves?3.当宾语从句是特殊疑问句时，由连接代词（what,wh67二、时态1.如果主句是现在的时态（包括一般现在时，现在进行时，现在完成时），从句的时态可根据实际情况而定，（包括一般现在时，一般过去时，一般将来时，现在完成时等）Iknow(that)hestudiesEnglisheveryday.Iknow(that)hestudiedEnglishlastterm.Iknow(that)hewillstudyEnglishnextyear.

Iknow(that)hehasstudiedEnglishsince1998.

二、时态Iknow(that)hestudiesE682.如果主句是过去的时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时），那么从句的时态一定要用相对应的过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）Iknewwholivedhere.Isawshewastalkingwithhermother.Heaskedwhetherhisfatherwouldcomebacktomorrow.Hesaidthathehadseenit.2.如果主句是过去的时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时），那么693.当从句是客观真理，定义，公理，定理时用一般现在时。Theteachersaidthattheearthtravelsaroundthesun.3.当从句是客观真理，定义，公理，定理Theteacher70三、语序宾语从句的语序用陈述语序：连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分1.Whenwillhegotothelibrary?Hisbrotheraskswhenhewillgotothelibrary.Hisbrotheraskswhenwillhegotothelibrary.

2.Whatdoeshewanttobuy?Idon’tknowwhathewantstobuy.Idon’tknowwhatdoeshewanttobuy.

√

√××三、语序1.Whenwillhegotothe71四、否定转移think,believe,imagine,suppose等等动词引起的否定性宾语从句中，要把上述主句中的动词变为否定式。即将从句中的否定形式移到主句中。我们认为你不在这。Wedon’tthinkyouarehere.我相信他不会这样做。

Idon’tbelievehewilldoso.四、否定转移72五、it作形式宾语it常可以放在动词think,find,consider,believe,feel,make等后作为形式宾语:Wethoughtitgoodnewsthatthefoghadfinallygone.Wethinkitourdutythatweshouldhelpothers.Ifinditimpossiblethathecanfinishthework五、it作形式宾语73表语从句在复合句中作主句的表语.引导词有连词that(that

不可省),whether;代词有who,what,which;副词when,where,how,why

等.如:Theproblem

isthatwedidn’tgetintouchwithhim.ThisishowHenrysolvedtheproblem.Hissuggestionisthatwe(should)finishtheworkatonce.如果句子的主语是suggestion,advice.order等表示命令、建议等意思名词时,后面引导的表语从句用(should)+动词原形.表语从句Theproblemisthatwedid74注意：1.除了上述词外，连词because,asif/asthough等也可以引导表语从句：Itlookedasifitwasgoingtosnow.Itseemsasthoughhedidn’tknowtheanswer.That’sbecauseweneverthoughtofit.2.主语reason常用的表语从句引导词为that，而不是because:Thereasonwhyhewaslateisthathehadatrafficaccident.注意：75同位语从句

在句中起同位语的作用.一般放在名词fact,news,idea,promise,thought,suggestion

等之后,用以说明或解释前面的名词.引导词有that,whether及how,when,where等（if和which不能引导）1.Thethoughtthatwemightsucceedexcitedus.2.Theproblemwhetherheshouldcontinueisunsolved.3.Ihavenoideawhenhewillcomeback.4.Thesuggestionthattheplan(should)bedelayedwillbediscussedtomorrow.名词suggestion,advice.order等词后的同位语从句的谓语动词要用(should)+动词原形.同位语从句1.Thethoughtthatwemig76注:1.

同位语从句多用that引导2.在havenoidea之后常用wh-引导同位语从句.

Ihavenoideawherehehasgone.Ihavenoideawhenhedidit.Ihavenoideawhathedid.注:1.同位语从句多用that引导2.在have771.TwothirdsofallgirlsinBritainareonadiet./Thefactworriestheirparentsandteachersalot.2.TheQueenofEnglandwasonathree-dayvisitinChina./Weheardthenewslastnight._____________________________________________________

Thefact

that

twothirdsofallgirlsareonadiet

worriestheirparentsandteachersalot._____________________________________________________________Weheardthenewslastnightthat

theQueenofEnglandwasonathree-dayvisitinChina.1.TwothirdsofallgirlsinB784.Timetravelispossible./Thereisnoscientificprooffortheidea.5.Chinesestudentsshouldbegivenmorefreetime./Thesuggestioniswelcomedbymanypeople,especiallykidsinschool.3.Teenagersshouldnotspendtoomuchtimeonline./ManyBritishparentsholdtheview.____________________________________________________ManyBritishparentsholdtheview

that

teenagersshouldn’tspendtoomuchtimeonline.____________________________Thereisnoscientificprooffortheidea

that

timetravelispossible.______________________________________________________Thesuggestion

that

Chinesestudents(should)begivenmorefreetimeiswelcomedbymanypeople,especiallykidsinschool.4.Timetravelispossible./Th79同位语从句与定语从句的相似之处1、两种从句都可以译成定语

e.g.Thenewsthatourteamhaswonthefinalmatchisencouraging.（同位语从句）我们队取得决赛胜利的消息令人鼓舞。Thenewsthatyoutoldusisreally

encouraging.（定语从句）你告诉我们的消息真的令人鼓舞。同位语从句与定语从句1、两种从句都可以译成定语Thenew80

2、两种从句都可以用that引导

e.g.Thesuggestion

thatstudentsshouldlearnsomethingpractical

isworthconsidering.

（同位语从句）学生应该学些实用的东西的建议值得考虑。Thesuggestionthatisworthconsideringisthatthestudentsshouldlearnsomethingpractical.（定语从句）值得考虑的建议是学生应该学些实用的东西。2、两种从句都可以用that引导Thesuggestio81同位语从句与定语从句的不同之处1、从句的作用不同：同位语从句用来进一步说明前面名词的内容；定语从句用来修饰、限定前面的名词。e.g.Thenewsthatourteamhaswonthefinalmatchisencouraging.（从句说明“消息”的内容：我们队取得了决赛胜利。）Thenewsthatyoutoldusisreally

encouraging.（从句对“消息”加以限定：是你告诉我们的，而非来自其他渠道。但消息是何内容却不得而知。）同位语从句与定语从句1、从句的作用不同：同位语从句用来进一步82

2、引导从句的关联词that的功能不同：that引导同位语从句时是一个纯连词，不充当任何成分，不可以省略；that引导定语从句时是关系代词，既指代先行词又须在从句中充当成分，做从句宾语时可以省略。e.g.1)DadmadeapromisethathewouldbuymeCDplayerifIpassedtheEnglishtest.

（that不充当任何成分）

2)Dadmadeapromisethatexcitedallhischildren.（that指代promise，又在从句中充当主语。）2、引导从句的关联词that的功能不同：e.g.1)Da83Practice:判断下列各句是同位语从句还是定语从句1.TheyexpressedthehopethattheywouldcometovisitChinaagain.2.ThehopethatsheexpressedisthattheywouldcometovisitChinaagain.

3.Thefactthatsheworkshardiswellknowntousall.4.Ican'tstandtheterriblenoisethatsheismaking.同位语从句同位语从句定语从句定语从句Practice:判断下列各句是同位语从句还是定语从句1.845.Weexpressedthehopethattheyhadexpressed

6.Weexpressedthehopethattheywouldcome

toChinaagain.7.Theinformationhasbeenannouncedthatmoremiddle

schoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversity.

8.Theinformationthatherevealedatthemeetingisofgreatvalue.同位语从句定语从句定语从句同位语从句5.Weexpressedthehopethatt85引导词句型转换1.Theyaregooddoctors.Hetoldus.→2.Hehadn’tsaidanythingatthemeeting.Thefactsurprisedus.→Hetoldusthattheyweregooddoctors.Thefactthathehadn’tsaidanythingatthemeetingsurprisedus.总结：当从句原来是陈述句时，变成名词性从句用that引导。引导词句型转换Hetoldusthattheywe863.Doesyoursistergetupearly?Doyouknow?→4.Doanimalshavethesamesensesashumans?Ioftenwonder.→Doyouknowif/whetheryoursistergetsupearly?Ioftenwonderif/whetheranimalshavethesamesensesashumans.总结：当从句原来是一般疑问句时，变成名词性从句用if或whether引导。3.Doesyoursistergetupearl875.Whendidhebuythisnewbike?Couldyoutellme?→6.Myquestionisthis:wherewillthelecturebegiven?→Couldyoutellmewhenheboughtthisnewbike?Myquestioniswherethelecturewillbegiven.总结：当从句原来是特殊疑问句时，变成名词性从句还用原来的特殊疑问词来引导。5.Whendidhebuythisnewbik88英语句子类型英语句子类型89英语句子可分为：简单句并列句复杂/合句

名词性从句状语从句定语从句主语从句 表语从句 宾语从句 同位语从句 （时间、地点、方式、原因、结果、目的、条件、让步等）英语句子可分为：名词性从句状语从句（时间、地点、方式、原因、90英语句子类型(简单句、并列句、复合句)教学文案课件91简单句的基本词序主语 动词部分 宾语 状语 （谓语） (方式 /地点/时间)I bought ahat yesterday.Thechildren ran home.We ate ourmeal insilence.Thecar stopped suddenly.简单句的基本词序主语 动词部分 宾语 状92并列句由并列连词把两个或两个以上的简单句连接起来的句子叫并列句。常见分类：1．表示同等、平行或承接关系，常用连词有and，both...and...，notonly...butalso...，neither...nor...，aswellas等。①Hehelpsmeandhealsohelpsothers.②Shenotonlygaveusalotofadvice,butalsohelpedustoovercomedifficulties.2．表示转折关系，常用连词有but，however,yet（然而），while（而）等。①Heisyoung,butheworkshard.②Sheistall,whilehereldersisterisshort.并列句由并列连词把两个或两个以上的简单句连接起来的句子叫并列93并列句3．表示选择关系，常见连词有or，not...but（不是……而是……），either...or...（要么……要么……）等。①Hurryup,orwe'llbelate.②EitheryoucometomyhomeorIgettoyours.4．表示因果关系，常见连词有as，for（因为），so等①Mikedidn'tcometoschool,forhewasill.②Heworkshard,soheisatopstudentofclass.并列句3．表示选择关系，常见连词有or，not...but（94复杂句/复合句由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成。名词性从句状语从句定语从句主语从句 表语从句 宾语从句 同位语从句 复合句复杂句/复合句由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成。名词性从95状语从句时间:Everybodywasassigne