新视野大学英语第三版第二册unit2课文重点句子解析+词汇解析

新视野大学英语第三版第二册unit2课文重点句子解析+词汇解析新视野大学英语第三版第二册unit2课文重点句子解析+词汇解析新视野大学英语第三版第二册unit2课文重点句子解析+词汇解析xxx公司新视野大学英语第三版第二册unit2课文重点句子解析+词汇解析文件编号：文件日期：修订次数：第1.0次更改批准审核制定方案设计，管理制度Unit2WordsandExpressions1Whenthegoinggetstough,thetoughtakeaccounting.(Para.1)Meaning:Whenconditionsorsituationsbecomedifficult,determinedpeoplechoosetostudythesubjectofaccounting,hopingtheycanmoreeasilyfindajobinthefuture.★whenthegoinggetstough:whenthesituationbecomesdifficult当形势变得严峻时e.g.Whenthegoinggetstough,womencangetastoughasmen.当形势变得严峻时，女人可以变得跟男人一样坚强。★accounting:n.[U]theworkofaccountantsorthemethodstheyuse会计；会计学e.g.Students’majorobjectiveistobefinanciallywelloff.Accordingly,todaythemostpopularcourseisnotliteratureorhistorybutaccounting.学生的主要目的是在经济上富裕。因此，当今最流行的课程不是文学或历史，而是会计。★takeaccounting:choosetostudythesubjectofaccounting选择学会计2Whenthejobmarketworsens,manystudentscalculatetheycan’tmajorinEnglishorhistory.(Para.1)Meaning:Whentherearefewerjobopenings,manycollegestudentsmakeajudgmentfromthesituationandthinktheycan’tstudyEnglishorhistoryastheirmajor.Meaningbeyondwords:Manystudentswillnottaketheclassesthatwon’thelpthemlocateadecentjoblater.★majorin:(AmE)studysth.asyourmainsubjectatcollegeoruniversity主修（某一）科目e.g.ThehighdemandforpersonswithknowledgeaboutcomputersiswhyIchosetomajorincomputerscienceattheuniversity.对具有电脑知识人才的高需求是我选择在大学主修计算机科学的原因。3Theyhavetostudysomethingthatbooststheirprospectsoflandingajob.(Para.1)Meaning:Theyhavetostudysomethingthatimprovestheirchancesofsuccessinfindingajob.★boost:vt.increaseorimprovesth.tomakeitmoresuccessful促进；推动；使兴旺e.g.Somecountrieshopethatwarmerweatherandmorerainwillboosttheirfarmoutput.一些国家希望更温暖的天气和更多的降雨能提高他们的农业产量。★prospect:n.[C,U]sth.thatispossibleorlikelytohappeninthefuture,orthepossibilityitself可能的事情；很可能发生的事情；前景e.g.Careerprospectsinscienceandtechnologyarevirtuallyunlimited.科技类职业的前景几乎是无可限量的。4Thedatashowthatasstudentshaveincreasinglyshoulderedtheever-risingcostoftuition,theyhavedefectedfromthestudyofthehumanitiesandtowardappliedscienceand“hard”skillsthattheybetwillleadtoemployment.(Para.2)Meaning:Thefactsandinformationshowthatasstudentshavespentincreasinglymoremoneyontuition,theyhaveturnedawayfromthehumanitiestosomepracticalcoursesthattheybelievewillenablethemtogetajobmoreeasily.★defect:vi.leaveacountry,politicalparty,ororganizationtogotoanotherone背叛；叛逃e.g.Hedefectedfromthepartyinthelate1970s.他在20世纪70年代后期背叛了该党。n.[C]afaultinsb.orsth.缺点；欠缺；不足之处e.g.Stammeringisprobablyaninheriteddefect.口吃可能是一种遗传缺陷。UsageNOTEdefect,deficiency1在表示“人的缺点，设计制造方面的缺点或缺陷”时，名词defect和deficiency的词义相近。例：physiologicaldefect/deficiency生理缺陷Thenewcarhadtobewithdrawnfromthemarketbecauseofamechanicaldefect.这款新汽车因有机械缺陷，必须被撤出市场。Thedeficiencyofthisplanisveryclear,soitcan’tpossiblysucceed.这项计划的缺陷是很明显的，所以它不可能成功。2但表示“缺少；不足”（shortage）时，只可用deficiency。例：Thereareseriousdeficienciesinthenumberofsuitableaircraft.符合要求的飞机数量严重不足。Duringthewarchildrensufferedfromadeficiencyoffood.战争期间孩子们遭受了缺乏食物之苦。★applied:a.(usu.beforenoun)usedfordescribingeducationalsubjectswhentheyarestudiedfortheirpracticaluses（学科）应用的，实用的e.g.Industryleaderswantscientiststoengageinbasicresearch,notappliedresearch.产业领导者们希望科学家们从事基础研究，而不是应用研究。5Inotherwords,acollegeeducationismoreandmoreseenasameansforeconomicbettermentratherthanameansforhumanbetterment.(Para.2)Meaning:Inotherwords,acollegeeducationismoreconsideredasamethodtoimprovestudents’futureeconomicstatusratherthanimprovehumannatureorbehavior.Meaningbeyondwords:Thequalityofacollegeeducationisincreasinglyquestionablebecausethetrendamongmanycollegesistobecomemorelikeabusinessandlesslikeanacademicsetting.6Thisisatrendthatislikelytopersistandevenaccelerate.(Para.2)Meaning:Verylikely,thetrendwillcontinuetoexistandevengofasterthanever.★persist:vi.1)(fml.)continuetoexist继续存在；持续e.g.Ifthebadweatherpersists,thefarmerswillsuffergreatlossesthisyear.如果恶劣天气持续，农民今年将遭受巨大的损失。2)continuetodosth.,althoughthisisdifficult,orotherpeopleopposeit坚持；执意e.g.Studentsmustpersistintheireffortsiftheywishtodowell.学生如果想取得好成绩就必须坚持努力。UsageNOTEpersist,insist1persist可用于表示“继续存在；持续”,尤其用于不好的事情，而insist没有此意。例：Contactyourdoctorifthecoughpersists.如果咳嗽持续，请联系您的医生。2persist和insist容易混淆主要是当两者均表示“坚持”时。persist用于表示“坚持”时，表示“坚持反复做同一件事”，后接介词in，多用于褒义，指“坚持继续做某事”，有时用于贬义，指“不听劝告；顽固坚持”。例：Hermothertriedtopersuadehertogotobedearly,butshepersistedinworkinguntilthesmallhours.她的母亲劝她早点睡，但她仍坚持工作到凌晨。Hepersistedindrinkingeventhoughthedoctorhadtoldhimthatitdidharmtohisbody.即使医生告诉他饮酒伤身，他仍坚持饮酒。insist用于表示“坚持”时，表示“坚持做某件事（尤指麻烦或令人讨厌的事）”，后接介词on。例：SheinsistedonwashingherhairjustwhenIwantedtohaveabath.当我想泡个澡时，她还在那洗头。3insist还可用于表示“对意见、主张等的坚持”。insist用于此意时，后可接介词on，也可以接that引导的从句（是否用虚拟语气，视情况而定，即看从句内容是否为事实），而persist无此意。例：Theyinsistonhavingajobdonewellnomatterhowmuchtimeisrequired.他们坚持无论需要多少时间都要将工作做好。Thedoctorinsistedthatshe(should)takethemedicine,butsheinsistedthatshewasnotill.医生坚持让她服此药，但她坚持自己没病。★accelerate:v.happenormakesth.happenatafasterrate（使）加快；促进e.g.Humanactivitiescancauseoracceleratepermanentchangesinnaturalsystems.人类的活动可能导致或加速自然系统的永久变化。7Overthenextfewyears,aslabormarketsstruggle,thehumanitieswillprobablycontinuetheirlongslideinsuccession.(Para.3)Meaning:Forthenextfewyears,asthegoinggetstoughwithlabormarkets,thesubjectsofthehumanitieswillcontinuetoshrinkandworsenforalongtimeeachyear.★insuccession:happeningoneaftertheotherwithoutanythingdifferenthappeninginbetween连续发生地；接连发生地e.g.Sheisanaccomplishedathleteandwonthechampionshipfourtimesinsuccession.她是一名成功的运动员，连续四次获得冠军。8Therealreadyhasbeenanearly50percentdeclineintheportionofliberalartsmajorsoverthepastgeneration,anditislogicaltothinkthatthetrendisboundtocontinueorevenaccelerate.(Para.3)Meaning:Basedonthefactthattherealreadyhasbeenabout50percentdecreaseinthenumberofstudentsmajoringinliberalartsoverthepastyears,itisreasonabletothinkthatthetrendwillsurelycontinueorevenspeedup.★liberal:a.1)(~arts)schoolorcollegesubjectsthatgivestudentsageneraleducationandteachthemtothinkratherthanthosesubjectsthatdeveloppracticalskills文科e.g.Theliberalartsarecollegeoruniversitysubjectssuchashistory,languagesandliteraturebutnotsciences.文科是学院或大学的如历史、语言和文学之类的学习科目，而不是理科学科。2)acceptingdifferentopinionsandwaysofbehavingandtendingtobesympathetictootherpeople心胸宽广的；开明的e.g.Sheisknowntohaveliberalviewsondivorce.人们知道她对离婚持有开明的观点。★bound:a.(~to)sth.thatisboundtohappenwillalmostcertainlyhappen一定的；几乎肯定的e.g.Theweatherisboundtogetbettertomorrow.明天的天气肯定更好。9Oncethedominantpillarsofuniversitylife,thehumanitiesnowplaylittleroleswhenstudentstaketheircollegetours.Thesedays,labsaremorevividandcompellingthanlibraries.(Para.3)Meaning:Thehumanitiesthatoncedominateduniversitylifenowplayatrivialrolewhenstudentshavetheircollegevisits;nowadays,labsaremoreeye-catchingandfascinatingthanlibraries.Meaningbeyondwords:Librarieswereoncetheonlyplacewherestudentsspentmuchtimereadingmaterials,doingresearchandwritingpapers.However,asmorestudentsaretakingsciencecourses,labswherestudentsdoscientificexperimentsplayamoreimportantroleforlearningthantraditionallibraries.★dominant:a.moreimportant,powerful,orsuccessfulthantheotherpeopleorthingsofthesametype有优势的；占统治地位的e.g.Unemploymentratewillbethedominantissueatthenextpresidentelection.失业率将是下次总统选举中的主要话题。★pillar:n.[C]1)averyimportantpartofasystemofbeliefsorideas（信仰或思想）非常重要的部分e.g.Equalityisoneofthepillarsofastablesociety.平等是一个稳定社会的支柱之一。2)athickstronguprightpostthatsupportspartofabuilding柱子；支柱e.g.Eightmassivestonepillarssupportedtheroof.八根巨大的石柱支撑起房顶。★compel:vt.forcesb.todosth.强迫；迫使e.g.Asaschoolboy,hewascompelledtowearshortseveninwinter.当他还是一个在校的小男孩时，即使在冬天他也被迫穿短裤。UsageNOTEcompel,oblige,force这三个词都有“强迫”之意，但程度不同。1compel表示“强迫；迫使”，指“运用权力、力量迫使对方做某事”，尤其在被动语态中含“别无他法；不得不做”之意，compel的意义比force弱。例：Hisillnesscompelledhimtostayinbed.他的病迫使他卧床休息。2oblige表示“强制；不得不”，指“因法律、道义、习俗或许诺的约束而必须去做某事”，多用被动语态，语气相对较弱。例：Weareobligedtostopthecarataredlight.我们遇到红灯时必须停车。3force表示“强迫；迫使；逼迫”，指“以暴力威胁、武力强迫对方做某事”，后面跟的动作常是不情愿做的事，force的语气比compel和oblige强。例：Thepoorpeasantwasforcedtosellhisdaughtertothelandlord.那位贫穷的农民被迫将自己的女儿卖给地主。★compelling:erestingorexcitingenoughtokeepyourattentioncompletely有强烈吸引力的；引人入胜的e.g.SteveJobs’lifemakesacompellingstory.史蒂夫·乔布斯的一生是一个引人入胜的故事。10Here,pleaseallowmetostandupforandpromotethetruevaluethatthehumanitiesaddtopeople’slives.(Para.4)Meaning:Ihereaskforyourpermissiontoletmedefendandadvertisethetruevaluethatthehumanitiesbringtopeople’slives.★standupfor:supportordefendapersonoranideawhentheyarebeingattacked支持；保卫；维护e.g.Marystoodupformeatthemeeting,sparingmesomeembarrassment.玛丽在会议上支持了我，使我免受了一些尴尬。★promote:vt.supportorencouragesth.支持；鼓励；提倡e.g.Toacknowledgeothercultureswillpromotegoodwillamongpeopleofdifferentbackgrounds.承认别人的文化会促进不同背景的人之间的友好亲善。11Sinceancienttimes,peoplehavespeculatedaboutthemysteryofthoseinnerforcesthatdrivesomepeopletogreatnessandotherstoself-destruction.(Para.4)Meaning:Eversinceancienttimes,peoplehavethoughtcarefullyandseriouslywhythemysteriousforcescomingfromtheirinnerworldcouldbesopowerfulthatitcouldmakesomepeoplegreatwhileothersmorallydeteriorate.★speculate:v.considerordiscusswhysth.hashappened思索；沉思；推测；猜测e.g.Archeologistsspeculatethatpeoplefirstreachedtheislandsover1,000yearsago.考古学家们推测人类第一次到达这些岛屿是在一千多年前。speculateabout/on:makeguessesaboutthepossiblecausesoreffectsofsth.withoutknowingallthefactsordetails猜测；推测e.g.Itistooearlytospeculateabouttheoutcomeofthenegotiationsbetweentheworkersunionandthecompany’sleadership.要推测工会和公司管理层之间的谈判结果，还为时过早。12Thisinnerdrivehasbeencalledmanythingsoverthecenturies.(Para.4)Meaning:Overthepastcenturies,manydifferentnameshavebeenusedtodescribethisinnerforceofhumanbeings.13Thefamouspsychologist,SigmundFreud,calleditthe“unconsciousmind”or,morefamiliarly,“instinct”.(Para.4)Meaning:SigmundFreud,afamouspsychologist,namedittheunintentionalmindor,morefamiliartous,naturalabilitytoknowsomething.14Fromthebeginningoftime,thisinneraspectofourbeing,thisdrivethatcanbeconstructiveordestructive,hascapturedourimagination.(Para.5)Meaning:Sinceancienttimes,itisthisveryinnerforceofourbeing,eitherconstructiveordestructive,thathasstimulatedourimagination.15Thestoriesofthisamazingstrugglehaveformedthebasisofculturestheworldover.(Para.5)Meaning:Itisthesestoriesaboutthisfascinatinginnerstruggleofhumanbeingsthathavelaidthefoundationoftheworldcultures.16Historians,architects,authors,philosophersandartistshavecapturedthewords,imagesandmeaningsofthisinnerstruggleintheformofstory,music,myth,painting,architecture,sculpture,landscapeandtraditions.(Para.5)Meaning:Ourhistorians,architects,authors,philosophersandartistshavesuccessfullycaughtthewords,imagesandmeaningsofthismysteriousinnerforcebywayofstory,music,myth,painting,architecture,sculpture,landscapeandtraditions.★intheformof:inthewaysth.isorappearstobe以…形式；以…方式e.g.Theyreceivedabenefitintheformofataxreduction.他们通过减税的方式获益。17Thesemenandwomendevelopedartistic“languages”thathelpusunderstandtheseaspirationsandalsoeducategenerations.(Para.5)Meaning:Theartisticworksandmasterpiecescreatedbythesemenandwomenhelpusunderstandthestrongdesiresandbeautifuldreamsofhumanbeingsandalsohelpeducatefuturegenerations.Meaningbeyondwords:“Language”isinthequotationmarksbecausetheworddoesn’tjustrefertotheregularmeaningbuttoallthethingsmentionedearlier:story,music,myth,painting,architecture,sculpture,landscapeandtraditions.18Thisfertilebodyofworkfromancienttimes,theveryfoundationofcivilization,formsthebasisofstudyofthehumanities.(Para.5)Meaning:Thelargeamountofworkfilledwithrichideasandimaginationfromancienttimes–thefundamentalcomponentsofcivilization–providesthebasisofthestudyofthehumanities.★a/thebodyofsth.:alargeamountormassofsth.,esp.sth.thathasbeencollected大量的某物e.g.Acquiringalanguageislearningaskill,notcollectingabodyofinformation.学语言是学习技能，而不是获取大量的信息。19Studyingthehumanitiesimprovesourabilitytoreadandwrite.Nomatterwhatwedoinlife,wewillhaveahugeadvantageifwecanreadcomplexideasandunderstandtheirmeaning.Wewillhaveabrightcareerifwearethepersonintheofficewhocanwriteaclearandelegantanalysisofthoseideas!(Para.6)Meaning:Studyingthehumanitieshelpsusimproveourreadingandwritingability.Inwhateversituation,itisagreatadvantageifweunderstandcomplexideasthroughreading.Toillustrate,ifwearethepersonintheofficewhocanwriteandanalyzethosecomplexideasinalogical,clear,intelligentyetsimplemanner,wewillhaveapromisingcareer.SentencestructureNOTEnomatter常与疑问代词或疑问副词一起构成连词词组引导让步状语从句，意为“不管…，无论…”，在使用时应注意以下几点：1注意从句的时态由nomatter引导的从句多用一般现在时。例如：Nomatterwhoyouare,youmustobeytherules.无论你是谁，都应该遵守规则。Ouraimistorecruitthebestpersonforthejob,nomatterwheretheyarefrom.我们的目标是招聘到该工作的最佳人选，不管他们来自哪里。2注意被修饰的名词、形容词以及副词的位置nomatterwhat/whose/which修饰名词时，该名词必须紧跟其后；nomatterhow修饰形容词或副词时，该形容词或副词也必须紧跟其后。例如：Nomatterwhichmethodyouuse,youwillgetthesameresult.不管你用哪种方法做，结果都一样。Nomatterhowhardheworks,hefindsitdifficulttomakeendsmeet.无论他工作多么努力，他总是入不敷出。20Studyingthehumanitiesmakesusfamiliarwiththelanguageofemotionandthecreativeprocess.(Para.7)Meaning:Wegetmorefamiliarwiththeexpressionsofemotionandtheprocessofcreationbystudyingthehumanities.21Inaninformationeconomy,manypeoplehavetheabilitytoproduceausefulproductsuchasanewMP3player.(Para.7)Meaning:Inaneconomydrivenbyinformation,manypeoplearecapableofproducingausefulcommoditylikeanewMP3player.22Yet,veryfewpeoplehavetheabilitytocreateaspectacularbrand:theiPod.(Para.7)Meaning:ButveryfewpeoplehavetheabilitytocreateanextremelyimpressiveproductnamesuchastheiPod.23Mostimportantly,studyingthehumanitiesinvestsuswithgreatinsightandself-awareness,therebyreleasingourcreativeenergyandtalentinapositiveandconstructivemanner.(Para.7)Meaning:Themostimportantadvantageforustostudythehumanitiesisthatitenablesustobecomemoreanalyticalandself-aware;therefore,ourcreativenessandtalentarebroughtoutinapositiveandconstructiveway.★investsb./sth.withsth.:(fml.)givesb.orsth.aparticularquality赋予（某人或某物）以（某种性质）e.g.Naturehasinvestedtheseanimalswithacapacityfornotshowingfear.自然界赋予了这些动物不显露恐惧的本领。★thereby:ad.(fml.)becauseoforbymeansofwhathasjustbeenmentioned因此；从而；借此e.g.Westartedourjourneyearly,therebyavoidingmostofthetraffic.我们早早地开始了我们的旅程，从而避开了交通堵塞的高峰期。24Perhapsthebestargumentinfavorofthehumanitiesisthescopeofpossibilitiesthatarewidelyopentous.(Para.8)Meaning:Themostvalidargumenttosupportthehumanitiesisperhapstheycanprovideuswithawiderangeofopportunities.★infavorof:supportingapersonoranidea,proposal,etc.thatyoubelieveisright支持；赞同e.g.Congresshasdecidedinfavorofa$200millionhousingdevelopment.美国国会已决定赞成一个两亿美元发展住房的计划。★thescopeof:therangeof范围e.g.TheStudentAssociationhaspromisedtowidenthescopeofactivities.学生会已承诺要扩大活动范围。25Famouspeoplewhostudiedthehumanitiesmakealonglistindeed.It’seasytoseethatthehumanitiescanprepareusformanydifferentcareersandjobswecanundertake,whethermedicine,business,scienceorentertainment.(Para.8)Meaning:Itistruethatfamouspeoplewhostudiedthehumanitiescanmakeupalonglist.Obviously,thehumanitiesenableustoengageinmanydifferentcareersandjobs,nomatterwhethertheyaremedicine,business,scienceorentertainment.★undertake:vt.(undertook,undertaken)agreetoberesponsibleforajoborprojectanddoit承担；着手做e.g.Dr.JohnsonundertookthetaskofwritingacomprehensiveEnglishdictionary.约翰逊博士着手写一本详尽的英语词典。26Ifwestudyonlymathematics,it’slikelywewillbeacandidateonlyforjobsasamathematician.(Para.8)Meaning:Ifwestudyonlymathematics,verypossiblywewillbeapersonwhoonlycompetesforjobsasamathematician.Meaningbeyondwords:Wecanbemorecompetitiveifwestudythehumanities,togetherwithmathematics.27Ifweincludestudyingthehumanities,wecanmakebreakthroughsonmanybarriersandarelimitedonlybyoureffortandimagination.(Para.8)Meaning:Ifwealsostudythehumanities,wecansuccessfullyremovemanyobstaclesonourwayandstilldevelopourpotentialunlesswedon’ttryenoughandlackimagination.28Ofcourse,nowadays,ifwestudythehumanitiesalone,weareliabletomissmanyopportunities.(Para.9)Meaning:Itisforsurethatnowadaysifwestudythehumanitiesalone,wearelikelytomissmanychancesoropportunities.★liable:(be~todosth.)likelytodosth.inaparticularwaybecauseofafaultortendency可能(易于)做某事的e.g.Manypartsofthecountryareliabletosufferfromflooding.该国的许多地方易遭水灾。29Insummary,thehumani