2017高一英语定语从句讲解

2017高一英语定语从句讲解2017高一英语定语从句讲解2017高一英语定语从句讲解资料仅供参考文件编号：2022年4月2017高一英语定语从句讲解版本号：A修改号：1页次：1.0审核：批准:发布日期：定语从句讲解1．定语从句：复合句中修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。RecentlyIboughtanancientChinesevasewhichwasveryreasonable.Thosewhoworkhardwillmakeprogress.2．先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。

3．关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。

1）关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that,

which,

who,

whom,

whose,

as等；关系副词有when,

where,

why等。

2）关系词通常有下列三个作用：A、引导定语从句；B、代替先行词；C、在定语从句中担当一个成分。例如：

The

man

who

is

shaking

hands

with

my

father

is

a

policeman.

该句,who

is

shaking

hands

with

my

father

是定语从句，修饰先行词the

man，

“who”是引导定语从句的关系词，代替先行词the

man，在定语从句中作主语。（二）关系代词引导的定语从句

1．who

指人，在定语从句中作主语、宾语。

The

boys

who

are

playing

football

are

from

Class

One.

Yesterday

I

helped

an

old

man

who

had

lost

his

way.

昨天我帮助了一位迷路的老人。

2．whom

指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略。The

professor

(

whom

)

you

are

waiting

for

has

come.

你正在等的教授已经来了。

The

girl

(

whom

)

the

teacher

often

praises

is

our

monitor.

注意：关系代词whom

在口语或非正式文体中常可用who

来代替，也可省略。但直接介词后只用whom,不可省略。

The

man

(

whom

/

who

)you

met

just

now

is

my

old

friend.Themantowhomyoutalkedjustnowismyoldfriend.（whom不可省略）which

指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。或在非限制定语从句中代替整个主句。

Football

is

a

game

which

is

liked

by

most

boys.

This

is

the

pen

(

which

)

he

bought

yesterday.

Hefailedtheexamagain,whichmadehisfatherangry.

4．that

指人时，相当于who

或whom；指物时，相当于which.。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。

The

number

of

people

that

/

who

come

to

visit

this

city

each

year

reaches

one

million.

Where

is

the

man

(that

/

whom)

I

saw

this

morning

我今天早上看到的那个人在哪儿

Yesterday

I

received

a

letter

that

/

which

came

from

Australia.

5．whose

通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语。

I

visited

a

scientist

whose

name

is

known

all

over

the

country.

我拜访了一个全国知名的科学家。

I

once

lived

in

the

house

whose

roof

has

fallen

in.

我曾经住在那幢屋顶已经倒塌了的房子里。

注意：指物时，常用下列结构来代替：

Weliveinahouse,__________windowsfacethesea.Weliveinahouse,___________thewindowsfacethesea.Weliveinahouse,thewindows__________facetheseaWeliveinabeautifulhouse,andthewindows_________facetheseaDo

you

like

the

book

whose

cover

is

yellow?=_____________________=_________________（三）“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句

关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常常由“介词+关系代词”引出。

The

school

(which

/

that)

he

once

studied

in

is

very

famous.

=The

school

in

which

he

once

studied

is

very

famous.

他曾经就读过的学校很出名。

This

is

the

boy

(whom

/

who

/

that)

I

played

tennis

with

yesterday.

=This

is

the

boy

with

whom

I

played

tennis

yesterday.

这是我昨天跟他打台球的男孩。

The

manager

whose

company

I

work

in

pays

much

attention

to

improving

our

working

conditions.

=The

manager

in

whose

company

I

work

pays

much

attention

to

improving

our

working

conditions.

注意：１．

含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在短语动词的后面。如：look

for,

look

after,

take

care

of

等。

This

is

the

watch

(which

/

that)

I

am

looking

for.

(正)

这是我正在找的手表。

This

is

the

watch

for

which

I

am

looking

.

(误)

The

babies

(whom

/

who

/

that)

the

nurse

is

looking

after

are

very

healthy.

(正)

The

babies

after

whom

the

nurse

is

looking

are

very

healthy.

（误）

２．若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时只可用whom，不可用who,

that；关系代词指物时只可用which，不可用that。关系代词是所有格时用whose。

The

man

with

whom

you

talked

just

now

is

my

neighbour.

(正)

The

man

with

that

/

who

you

talked

just

now

is

my

neighbour.

(误)

The

plane

in

which

we

flew

to

Canada

was

really

comfortable.

(正)The

plane

in

that

we

flew

to

Canada

was

really

comfortable.

(误)

３．“介词+关系代词”前还可有some,

any,

none,

all,

both,

neither,

many,

most,

each,

few等代词或者数词。如：

He

loves

his

parents

deeply,

both

of

whom

=(…)are

very

kind

to

him.

In

the

basket

there

are

quite

many

apples,

some

of

which=（…）

have

gone

bad.

Up

to

now,

he

has

written

ten

stories,

three

of

which

are

about

country

life.

（四）关系副词引导的定语从句

1．

when

指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。

I

still

remember

the

day

when=(…)

I

first

came

to

this

school.

The

time

when

we

got

together

finally

arrived.

我们团聚的时刻终于到了。

2．

where

指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。

Shanghai

is

the

city

where

I

was

born.

上海是我出生的城市。

The

house

where=(…)

I

lived

ten

years

ago

has

been

pulled

down.

I

visited

the

farm

where=(…)

a

lot

of

cows

were

raised

.3．

why

指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。

Please

tell

me

the

reason

why=(…)

you

missed

the

plane.

请告诉我你误机的原因。

I

don’t

know

the

reason

why

he

looks

unhappy

today.

我不知道他今天为什么看上去不愉快。

注意：关系副词引导的定语从句经常可以用“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句来表示。如：

Great

changes

are

taking

place

in

the

city

where

/

in

which

they

live.

The

reason

why

/

for

which

he

refused

the

invitation

is

quite

clear.

（五）限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句

限制性定语从句形式上：不用逗号“，”与主句隔开。意义上：是先行词不可缺少的定语，如删除，主句则失去意义或意思表达不完整。译法上：译成先行词的定语：“．．．的”关系词的使用上：A．作宾语时可省略B．可用thatC．可用who

代替whom

非限制性定语从句

形式上：用逗号“，”与主句隔开。

意义上：只是对先行词的补充说明，如删除，主句仍能表达完整的意思。

译法上：通常译成主句的并列句。

关系词的使用上：A．不可省略B．不用thatC．不可用who

代替whom

限制性定语从句举例：

The

teacher

told

me

that

Tom

was

the

person

(that/who/whom)I

could

depend

on.

China

is

a

country

which/that

has

a

long

history.

中国是一个历史悠久的国家。

非限制性定语从句举例

：

His

mother,

who

(不用that)loves

him

very

much,

is

strict

with

him.

China,

which（不用that）

was

founded

in

1949,

is

becoming

more

and

more

powerful.

I

visited

the

People’s

Great

Hall,

in

which

many

important

meetings

are

held

every

year.

使用定语从句须注意的几个问题:

（一）限制性定语从句中只能用that

引导定语从句的情况

1．当先行词是everything,

anything,

nothing

(something

除外),

all,

none,

few,

little,

some等不定代词时，或当先行词受every,

any,

all,

some,

no,

little,

few,

much等代词修饰时。如：

Have

you

taken

down

everything

that

Mr.

Li

said?

李老师讲的你都记下来了吗？

All

that

can

be

done

has

been

done.

所有能做的都做好了。

There

is

little

that

I

can

do

for

you.

我不能为你干什么。

He

stayed

in

the

library

and

looked

up

any

information

that

they

needed.

注意：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可用关系代词who，如：

Any

man

that

/

who

has

a

sense

of

duty

won’t

do

such

a

thing.

All

the

guests

that

/

who

were

invited

to

her

wedding

were

important

people.

2．当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。如：

The

first

place

that

they

visited

in

London

was

the

Big

Ben.

This

is

the

best

film

that

I

have

ever

seen.

这是我看过的最好的电影。

3．当先行词被the

very,

the

only，thelast修饰时。如：

This

is

the

very

dictionary

that

I

want

to

buy.

这正是我要买的词典。

After

the

fire

in

his

house,

the

old

car

is

the

only

thing

that

he

owns.

注意：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可用关系代词who。如：

Wang

Hua

is

the

only

person

in

our

school

who

will

attend

the

meeting.

4．当先行词前面有who,

which等疑问代词时。如：

Who

is

the

man

that

is

standing

by

the

gate

站在门口的那个人是谁

Which

is

the

T-shirt

that

fits

me

most

哪件T恤衫最合我的身

5．当先行词既有人又有物时。如：

They

talked

about

the

persons

and

things

that

they

remembered

at

school

Look

at

the

man

and

his

donkey

that

are

walking

up

the

street.另外：1)直接介词后只用which/whom,作定语可用whose，不用who和that2)that不引导非限制定语从句3）that和who都可以指人，但下面两种情况，多用who。①先行词为all,anyone,one,ones等时。如：Allwhoheardthenewswereexcited.②先行词为those,he和people时。如：Thosewhowanttogopleasesignyournameshere.HewhodoesnotreachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman.关系代词as和which

引导的定语从句

as

和which

引导非限制性定语从句时，

其用法有相同之处，也有不同之处。具体情况是：

1.

as

和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或宾语，代表前面整个句子。如：

He

married

her,

as

/

which

was

natural.

他跟她结婚了，这是很自然的事。

He

is

honest,

as

/

which

we

can

see.

他很诚实，

这一点我们看得出来。

2.

as

引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在主句之前、主句之后，甚至还可以分割主句。

which

引导的非限制性定语从句只可放在主句之后。另外，as

常常有“正如、正像”的含义，用于一些固定结构。如：asanybodycansee正如人人都能看到的那样asiswellknown=asisknowntoall众所周知aswehadexpected正如我们所预料的那样asoftenhappens正如经常发生的那样ashasbeensaidbefore如上所说asismentionedabove正如上面提到的As（不用which）

is

known

to

all,

China

is

a

developing

country.

He

is

from

the

south,

as（可用which）

we

can

know

from

his

accent.

John,

as

you

know,

is

a

famous

writer.

正如你所知，

约翰是个著名作家。

Zhang

Hua

has

been

to

Paris

more

than

ten

times,

which

I

don’t

believe.

注意：当主句和从句之间存在着逻辑上的因果关系时，关系词往往只用which。如：

Tom

was

late

for

school

again

and

again,

which(不用as)

made

his

teacher

very

angry.

These

tables

are

made

of

metal,

which

made

them

very

heavy.

3.

当先行词受such,

the

same

,as修饰时，关系词常用as。

如：

I’ve

never

heard

such

stories

as

he

tells.

我从未听过象他讲的这样的故事。

He

is

not

such

a

fool

as

he

looks.

他可不象他看上去的那样傻。

This

is

the

same

dictionary

as

I

lost

last

week.

这部词典跟我上星期丢失的一样。

注意：当先行词受the

same

修饰时，偶尔也用

that引导定语从句，但与as引导的定语从句意思有区别。如：

She

wore

the

same

dress

that

she

wore

at

Mary’s

wedding.

她穿着她在玛丽婚礼上穿过的同一条连衣裙。

She

wore

the

same

dress

as

her

younger

sister

wore.

她穿着跟她妹妹所穿的同样的连衣裙。

(三)

以the

way为先行词的限制性定语从句做状语时通常由in

which或that引导，而且通常可以省略。如：

The

way

(that

/

in

which

)

he

answered

the

questions

was

surprising.

I

don’t

like

the

way

(that

/

in

which)

you

laugh

at

her.

我不喜欢你冲她的样子。

但Theway_____heexplainedtouswasnotpractical.关系代词与关系副词的选择

用关系代词还是关系副词引导定语从句主要看关系词在定语从句中的作用（即所担当的成分）。试比较：

A.

I

know

a

place

_____

we

can

have

a

picnic.

我知道一个我们可以野炊的地方。

I

know

a

place______

is

famous

for

its

beautiful

natural

scenery.

B.

I

will

never

forget

the

days

____

we

spent

our

holidays

together.

I

will

never

forget

the

days_____we

spent

together.

我永远忘不了我们一起度过的日子。

C.

This

is

the

reason____

he

was

dismissed.

这就是他被解雇的原因。

This

is

the

reason______

he

explained

to

me

for

his

not

attending

the

meeting.

........................

附加内容.....................................................................................................（五）定语从句与同位语从句的区别

1．定语从句修饰限定先行词，它对先行词修饰限制；同位语从句解释先行词的具体内容，它对先行词解释说明。

The

plane

that

has

just

taken

off

is

for

Paris.

（_____从句）

The

fact

that

he

has

already

died

is

quite

clear.

（____从句）

2．定语从句关系词在从句中担当相应的句子成分，关系代词在从句中作宾语时经常可省略。同位语从句主要由连词that

引导时，在从句中一般不担当成分；有时也由where,

when,

how,

who,

whether,

what

等连词引导，这些连词则在从句中担当成分。

The

news

that

he

has

just

died

is

true.

（____从句）

他刚刚去世了，这个消息是真的。

The

news

that

he

told

me

is

true.

（____从句）

他告诉我的消息是真的。

The

problem

how

we

can

collect

so

much

money

is

difficult

to

solve.

（_____从句）

The

question

that

he

raised

puzzled

all

of

us.

（____从句）

他提出的问题让我们很为难。

The

question

whether

he

is

sure

to

win

the

game

is

hard

to

answer.

（____从句）

3．同位语从句与先行词一般可以用动词be发展成一个表语从句,

而定语从句则不能。如：

A.

The

idea

that

he

we

could

ask

the

teacher

for

advice

is

wonderful.

（同位语从句）

The

idea

was

that

we

could

ask

the

teacher

for

advice.

B.

Pay

attention

to

the

problem

how

we

can

protect

the

wild

animals.

（同位语从句）

The

problem

is

how

we

can

protect

the

wild

animals.（六）定语从句与状语从句，强调句型等的区别及须区分的几点：1.Heissuchagoodstudent_____wealllike.(____从句)Heissuchagoodstudent_____wealllikehim(____从句)2.Thisisthehouse_____welivedin5yearsago.(____从句)Putamark_____youhavequestions.(_____从句)A.whereB.inwhichC.whichD.onwhich3.Itisthestreet______Ilostmybike.(_______)Itisinthestreet______Ilostmybike.(________)Itwas8o’clock________Iwenthome.(_________)Itwasat8o’clock______Iwenthome.(__________)4.Isthisthebook_____youarelookingfor?Isthebook_____youarelookingfor?A.thatB.whoC.theoneD.forwhich5.Tomisoneofthestudentswho_____beenadmittedtoBeijingUniversity.(定语从句主谓一致)Tomistheoneofthestudentswho_____beenadmittedtoBeijingUniversity.Thosewho___againsttheplanputupyourhands.6.Theearthisround,___weallknow.=___isknowntoall,theearthisround.=___isknowntoallthattheearthisround.=_____isknowntoallisthattheearthisround.7.当先行词为time，表示“次数”时，应用关系词that或省略。如：Thisisthefirsttime(that)thepresidenthasvisitedthecountry.Itistimethatyou_______(get)up.

定语从句1．Thisisthebestfactory____wevisitedlastyear.

A.whereB.whichC.inwhichD.that2.Isthisthefactory____computersarebuilt

A.thatB.whichC.inwhichD.inthat3.Pleasepassmethedictionary____coverisred.A.whose

B.its

C.whichD.whichof4.Theman____hasarrived.

A.whomItoldyouB.thatItoldyouC.whomItoldyouabouthimD.Itoldyouabout5.Doyouknowthecomrade____wearetalking

A.towhomB.towhoC.whomD.tothat6.Theyvisitedthehouse___thegreatwriterwasborn.

A.fromwhereB.inwhichC.whichD.inwhere7.Thecomrade___isspeakingatthemeetingismyteacher.

A.whomB.whichC.whoD.whose8.Heaskedustowatchcarefullyeverything___hedidinclass.

A.whoB.thatC.whatD.where9.I’llvisittheprofessortomorrow,___hewillbebackfromShanghai.

A.whoB.thatC.whenD.which10.Theschool___Istudyisanewone.

A.onwhichB.atwhereC.onthatD.atwhich11.Chinahasmanyislands,____thelargestisTaiwan.

A.inwhichB.atwhichC.whichD.ofwhich12.Thecity____mymothergrewupisnotfarfromhere.

A.what

B.whereC.thatD.which13.Ourteacherlivesinthehouse____doorfacestothenorth.

A.whichB.hisC.thatD.whose14.Doyouknowtheman___yourfathernodded

A.whomB.towhomC.towhoD.aboutwhom15.Wrestlingisasportin___peopleeasilygethurt.

A.thatB.whenC.whichD.what16.Itoldyou____Iknow.

A.allthatB.allwhichC.allwhatD.allwhom17.Chinahasalotoffamouswriters,one___isLuXun.

A.ofwhichB.ofwhomC.ofwhoD.ofthem18.Isthisfactory____wevisitedlastyear

A.inwhichB.aroundthatC.whomD.theone19.Whoistheman____wasthere

A.whoB.whichC.thatD.whom20.Isthereanything____Icandoforyou,sir

A.thatB.whichC.whoseD.who21.Istillremembertheday____shefirstworethatgreendress.

A.whichB.inwhichC.onthatD.onwhich22.Theknife____weusedtocutthebreadisverysharp.

A.withwhichB.withitC.withthatD.which23.Thegames____theyoungmencompetedinweredifficult.A.

inwhichB.whichC.itD.who24.Itrainedhardyesterday,____preventedmefromgoingtothepark..

A.thatB.whichC.asD.it25.GeorgeMallorywasanEnglishschoolteacher_____lovedclimbing.

A.who

B.whom

C.he

D.which

定语从句答案:1-5DCADA6-10BCBCD11-15DBDBC16-20ABDCA21-25DABBA用适当的词填空：1.TheboysareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.

2.YesterdayIhelpedanoldmanlosthisway.3.Mr.Liuisthepersonyoutalkedaboutonthebus.

4.Mr.LingisjusttheboyIwanttosee.

5.Foot