英语中实义动词

英语中实义动词英语中实义动词英语中实义动词xxx公司英语中实义动词文件编号：文件日期：修订次数：第1.0次更改批准审核制定方案设计，管理制度英语实义动词语法讲义

I．主要常用不及物的动词。不及物动词后面不能跟宾语。只能用以："主＋谓"结构。

agreedisagreequarrelshoutcrylaughobjectsightalkbargainmatterworkstrugglefightgraduatesucceeddielistenlookstareglancehurryachefevercoughappearbelongcaredependlonghappenoccurexplodepauseresultsnowrain

gocomefallarrivesaildiveflowswimtravelwalkskatejumprisesitstaystep

waitremainsleeprestheadexistlivedance

II.延续动词与瞬间动词

表示的动作在瞬间就可以完成,瞬间动词的完成时态不能跟表示一段时间的时间状语连用。

1)用于完成时的区别

延续动词表示经验、经历；瞬间动词表示行为的结果，不能与表示段的时间状语连用。

Hehascompletedthework.他已完成了那项工作。(表结果)

I'veknownhimsincethen.我从那时起就认识他了。(表经历)

2)用于till/until从句的差异

延续动词用于肯定句，表示"做……直到…"瞬间动词用于否定句，表示"到…，才……"

Hedidn'tcomebackuntilteno'clock.

他到10点才回来。

Hesleptuntilteno'clock.

他一直睡到10点。

典型例题

1.Youdon'tneedtodescribeher.I___herseveraltimes.

A.hadmetB.havemetC.metD.meet

答案B.首先本题后句强调对现在的影响，我知道她的模样，你不用描述。再次，severaltimes告知为反复发生的动作，因此用现在完成时。

2.---I'msorrytokeepyouwaiting.

---Oh,notatall.I___hereonlyafewminutes.

A.havebeenB.hadbeenC.wasD.willbe

答案A.等待的动作由过去开始，持续到现在，应用现在完成时。

主要常用瞬间动词

arrive,borrow,buy,close,fall,finish,go,join,kill,hit,leave,lend,die,marry,open,reach,return,start,stop,recognizeseethrow

III.主要及物动词。及物动词后面必须跟宾语,可以用于："主＋谓＋宾"；"主＋谓＋双宾"主＋谓＋宾＋宾补"结构.

acceptreceiveearngainlosemisspackfoldloadachieveadmitafforddeclareannouncereviewbroadcastdescribediscussdoubtsupposecorrectmastermentioninferrepeatspellpractiseremindattemptattractinvitebookbitebakefrymilkwaterpourfilllockfastenbrushcombtidymineburydigremoveploughplantgrowcovercutcelebrateliberatebasechangebuildpumpdustcleansweepclosetearcompletefinishcontainincludedamagedestroyruinwiperepairmendfixdelivercarryshipcrossblocktieparkpulllinelistfightstruggledefeatdefendprotecteducatetraintestdecideplandesigninventexaminetestexperiencetrainintroducefollowformperformfoundhitholdincreasereducediscoverstealattackwoundkillmurderstarvekisstreatcuredesertthrowkickdevotetrustloveadmirehonourrespectvaluedesireenjoycomfortcalmpitytrustsupporthatedislikegreetwelcomethankdisturbfoolservesentencepunishmonitorownplatepricepublishprinttypeprepareputplacelayraiseliftreachheatwarmruleobeypraisescoldblamesavewastescoremarksortstorespenduniteconnectlimitwatchtouchpressvisitwaveweartimeusetotal

answerborrowbringbuychargecosthandenvyfetchnamepresentpostofferowequestionshowsupplyprovide

astonishdisappointfrighteninterestsatisfyseatshocksurprisetire

bearcatchhavekeepmakemeangivepicktakesend

considerknowhopeimaginefindproverealizerecognizerequestrequiresaytellsensesuggestunderstandwarnstatethink

adviceallowaskcheckdirectemployexpectforbidforceforgiveguidehireexcuseneednoticeletlikepersuadepermitpromisewantwishIV.．既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物的动词，其意义不变

continuebeginstartadvanceattendaimawakeblowbatheinsistinterruptreadwriterollpaintridereportseekrootshopfacefeedhurtgatherendclaptradestudyturnwinsmokewashstoptrysuffersellshinesetsewpaymindjoinfitfloatdropdelightdevelopbelievedivideforgetspeakeatdrownboilbendbreatheburnburstclimbcollectdelaydoubledressflyhideleadlandlearninchlackmeetmeasuresingmixopenorganizemarryracerecorddrinkspreadsmoothslowrecoverriderowimprove

callclearshutsinkfearteachsharehelpcookbreakcomparecrowdremember

V.既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物的动词，其意义完全不同。

escapepartoperatereachrunrushreturnsearchsettleshootstrikespeedstampplayringhangsmellgetmanageregretdrawbeatlightdrivematchleavemovelaststandfailsucceedshakeknockweighstick

V.主动形式表被动意义的常见动词。基本结构subj+V+adv。如，Booksofthiskindsellswell。Yourpenwritessmoothly。Yourcompositionreadswell。

sellreadwritewearkeepdrawcuttearactlockrentwashbreakcookcleanopenworkout

VI．常没有被动语态而容易误用被动式的动词。如，Heavylossesweresufferedbythem。（错）。Theysufferedheavylosses。（对）

havefitlacksuitholdcostsufferlastbecomestandbelongtodependonhappentakeplacebreakoutturnout

VII．英语中一些常用进行时或现在时表将来的动词。如，Themeetingbeginsat1：30intheafternoon。I’vewonaholidayfortwotoFlorida。Iamtakingmymum。

comegoleavestartdrivemovebegintakefallarrivereturnsetofflandfly

VIII．英语中一些常用过去完成时或过去时表示未曾实现的愿望，打算或意图。如，

Theyhadwantedtohelpbutcouldn’taffordanytime。

---Whyhaven’tyouboughtanybutter?

----ImeanttobutIforgotaboutit.

hopeexpectmeanintendsupposewantthink

IX.形式上主句否定饿而实际上否定转移的动词，这类动词之后可接so或not代替从句。如，Idon’tthinktheyhavemadetheirminds，have’ntthey？

Isyourbrothergoingwithyou

Ithinknot.或Idon’tthinkso.

thinkbelieveexpectimaginesupposefancy

注意：hopeguessfearfancy不能否定转移，只能说Iguessnot而不能说

Idon’tguessso。

X.常见的只跟带to的动词不定式作宾语的及物动词或短语。

wantwishhopeexpectwouldlike/lovecarechooselearndesirelongplanpreparemeandesignagreepromiseofferrefuseaskbegdemandintenddecidedeterminemakeupone‘smindtendbothertroublemanagetryattemptaffordpretendaimtryone’sbesthavenochoicebut

注意：动词+疑问词+to

decide,know,considerforget,learn,remember,show,understand,see,wonder,hear,findout,explain,telldiscoverdiscussask

Pleaseshowushowtodothat.

Therearesomanykindsoftape-recordersonsalethatIcan'tmakeupmymindwhichtobuy.

XI.常见的跟带to的动词不定式作宾补的及物动词或短语。即，动词+宾语+(todo)

commandcompelconsiderdeclaredriveenableencouragefindforbidforceguesshireimagineinduceinforminstructinvitejudgeknowlikeorderpermitpersuaderemindreportrequestrequireselectsendstatesupposetellthinktraintrustunderstandurgewarn

例句：a.Fatherwillnotallowustoplayonthestreet.

b.Webelievehimtobeguilty.

注意：promiseknowhopedemand

常见的不跟带to的动词不定式作宾补的及物动词let,have,makesee,watch,lookat,notice,observe,hear,listento,smell,feel,find

XII．动词及短语后加doing作宾语V.+doingsth

admitappreciateavoidcompleteconsiderdelaydenyendureenjoyescapepreventfancyfinishimaginemindmisspostponekeeppractiserecallresistrisksuggestfaceincludestandunderstandforgiveexcuse

defendinvolveavoidpardon

admittoprefer…tobeusedtoleadtodevoteoneselftoobjecttosticktobebusylookforwardtoto为介词）nogood,nouse,beworth…giveupcan'thelp,

It'snouse/goodbetiredoffeellike

befondofbeproudofthinkof/aboutputoffkeeponinsistoncounton/uponsetaboutbesuccessfulin

goodattakeupburstoutprevent…from…

举例(1)Wouldyoumindturningdownyourradioalittle,please

(2)Thesquirrelwasluckythatitjustmissedbeingcaught.

注意：动词ing形式与不定式语义不同的有12组：

1stoptodostopdoing

2forgettodoforgetdoing

3remembertodorememberdoing

4regrettodoregretdoing

5beusedtodobeusedtodoing

6trytodotrydoing

7goontodogoondoing

8afraidtodoafraiddoing

9interestedtodointeresteddoing

10meantodomeandoing

11begin/starttodobegin/startdoing

12can‘thelptodocan’thelpdoing

X．表示"据说"或"相信"的词组