常用医学英语词根一

常用医学英语词根一常用医学英语词根一常用医学英语词根一资料仅供参考文件编号：2022年4月常用医学英语词根一版本号：A修改号：1页次：1.0审核：批准:发布日期：常用医学英语词根词缀人体主要器官前缀名称通用名前（后）缀常用形容词示例心heartcardiao-cardialcardium/carditis/cardiology脑brainencepholo-cerebralcerebrum/encephalitis/encephalology肺lungpulmo-pulmonarypulmontiis/pulmonectomy/pulmonology肝liverhepato-hepatichepatitis/hepatobiliary/hepatology胃stomachgastro-gastricgastritis/gastrointestinal/gastrology胆gallbladderchole-biliaryholecystitis/cholinergic/cholecystectomy肠intestineentero-intestinalenteritis/enterectomy/enterology脾spleensplen-splenicsplenitis/splenectomy/splenology胰pancreaspancreato-pancreaticpancreatitis/pancreatectomy肾kidneynephro-renal/nephricnephritis/nephropathy/nephrology与人体系统、器官有关的前（后）缀名称通用名前（后）缀示例血bloodhemo-/hematohematology/hemoglobin/hematoma血管vesselvaso-vasopressor/cardiovasology/verebrovascular静脉veinveno-venography/intravenous/venoconstriction动脉arteryarterio-arteriology/arteriole/arteriosclerosis肌musclemyo-mycology/myositis/myocarditis髓marrowmyel-/myelo-myelocyte/myelitis/myeloma神经nerveneur-/neyro-neurology/neuritis/neuron细胞cellcyto-/-cytecytology/cytoma/leukocyte尿urineuro-/ur-urology/urosurgery/urogenital体bodysomato-/somesomatology/somatopsychic/chromosome与数字有关的前缀数字前缀示例一（单）mono-/uni-monomer/monoclone/carbonmonoxide/unidirectional二bi-/di-bilateral/biphasiccarbondioxide/dipeptide三tri-trilateral/triphasic/trigeminalnerve四tetra-tetramer/tetracycline/tetraplegia五penta-pentagon/pentachromic/pentachloride六hexa-hexachromic/benzenehexachloride(666)/hexacycliccompiund七hepta-heptachromic/heptaploid/heptavalent八octa-octahedral/octalsystem九nona-nonapeptide/nonagon十deca-decade/decagram/decaliter注：十位数的表示一般为：个位数前缀+deca，如：hexadecanol（十六烷醇），tetradecapeptidegastrin（十四肽胃泌素），octadecanoicacid（十八烷酸）颜色及与颜色有关的前缀颜色通用名前缀示例色colorchrom-/chromo-chromosome/chromatin/chromatometer红rederythro-erythrocyte/erythrocyturia/erythrometer白whiteleuko-leukocyte/leukemia/leukocytuira黑blackmelano-melena/melanoma/melanoderma黄yellowxantho-xanthopsin/xanthosis/xanthoma蓝bluecyan-/cyanocyanosis/cyanopsia/cyanemia紫violet/purple绿green棕brownbrownmixture/brownring橙orangeVictoriaorange/ethylorange/orangeG粉红pinkoinkfrothysputum绯红crimson青铜bronzedbronzeddiabetes注：有些病名的“蓝”“紫”“青”为同义，其前缀都为“cyano-”.与疾病和疾患有关的前（后）缀(1)含义前（后）缀形容词示例病patho-pathogen/pathology/pathogenesis/-pathy-pathicneuropathy/nephropathy/adenopathy病态-osis-oticneurosis/tuberculosis/schistosomiasis增多leukocytosis/erythrocytopenia/granulocytosis减少-penia-penicleukocytopenia/erythrocytopenia/granulocytopenia无a-/an-atypicalanuria/agranulocytopenia小/微-letdroplet/platelet/leafletmicro-microscopy/microorganism/micronucleus大/巨macro-macroscopicmacronucleus/macrophage-megalysplenomegaly/acromegaly/hepatomegaly复合/多poly-polyuria/polymer/polyopia全/泛pan-pancolectomy/panmyelosis/pandemic与疾病和疾患有关的前（后）缀(2)含义前（后）缀示例相反dis-disease/disorder/disability困难/障碍dys-dysfunction/dyspepsia/dyspnea不良mal-malfunction/malnutrition/malpractice炎症-itisappendicitis/bronchitis/arthritis瘤/块-omalymphoma/adenoma/hematoma血症-emialeukemia/septisemia/bacteremia痛-algia/-algesia/alge-/algo-analgesia/hypoalgesia/algometer麻痹-plegiahemipleia/pamplegia/myoplegia流出-rrheadiarrhea/hypermenorrhea/rhinorrhea坏死-necrosis/necro-/necr-hepatonecrosis/myonecrosis/necrospermia结石litho-/-lithlithiasis/lithogenesis/cholelithes与方位有关的前缀含义通用词前缀示例上upper/superiorpi-/supra-epidemic/epithelium/supracostal下lower/inferiorinfra-/sub-infracostal/subclavicular/subcutaneous前front/anterior/priorfore-/ante-forehead/anteroposterior/precirrhosis/pre-后back/posteriorpost-/retro-posthepatic/postprandial/retrocardiac内nner/internalin-/endo-/ento-inhalation/endoscopy/entocranial外outer/externalex-/exo-extract/excretion/exocardial间betweeninter-intermuscular/intercostal/intercourse旁/副onthesideofpara-parathyroid/paraprotein/pararenal周aroundperi-perioperative/pericarditis/peritoneum中心centralcentri-/centra-centrifugation/centralize/centronucleus/centro-反/对oppositecounter-/contra-counterpart/countershock/contraindication注：invivo/in’vaivou/活体内;invitro/invaitrou/活体外或试管内；insitu/in’saitju:/原位与外科手术有关的前（后）缀含义前（后）缀示例切除-ectomyappendectomy/gastrectomy/splenectomy切开-tomytracheotomy/hysterotomy/craniotomy切（割）-tometracheotome/thoracotome吻合-stomyduodenoenterostomy/gastroesophagostomy成形术-plastytracheoplasty/osteoplasty/myoplasty整（矫）形ortho-orthopedics/orthopod/orthotherapy造影-graphyangiography/nephrography/phlebography经…trans-transdominal/translateral/transurethral注：ortho-也是“正”“原”的前缀，如：ortho-acid（正酸）-graphy为方法，如：electrocardigraphy心电图检查术；graph为仪器，如：electrocardigraph心电图机；gram为图象，文字，如：electrocardiogram心电图记录。与化学品有关的前（后）缀含义前（后）缀示例酸盐atesulfate/nitrate/acetate醇-olalcohol/propanol/taxol醛-alretinal/methylal/propanal酮-oneacetone/progesterone/ketone糖glyco-gly