《语法专项训练》9-17章及答案

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九时7qa蓝］课前热身请判断下列句子的时态。Theyusuallygotoworkbysubway.Sheisplayingthepianoinherroom.WearegoingtohaveapicnicthisSaturday.Sofar,theyhavelearnt2,500words.TheywillholdapartyforWilliamtomorrow.Mymothersentane-mailtomelastnight.@动脑思考常见的时态有哪些？请简述它们的用法。□J知识重点■重点一、时态的分类时态是表示行为、动作、状态在不同时间条件下的动词形式，英语中有16种时态。一般进行完成完成进行现在do★doesamisdoing★arehasdone★havehasbeendoinghave过去did★wasdoing★werehaddone★hadbeendoing将来willdo★willbedoingwillhavedonewillhavebeendoing过去将来woulddo★wouldbedoingwouldhavedonewouldhavebeendoing注意：以上带的八种时态为主要考点，它们是：一般现在时、一般过去时、现在进行时、过去进行时、一般将来时、过去将来时、现在完成时和过去完成时。■重点二、时态的定义及考点❶一般现在时(1)定义：一般现在时表示经常发生的动作或存在的状态。⑵基本结构：动词原形(如果主语为第三人称单数，动词要改为三单形式)Weareteachers.Ihaveapencil.Hehasapencil.(3)时间状语：always,usually,often,sometimes,never,everyweek/day/year/month...,onceaweek,onSundays等(4)基本用法：用法例句表示经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的副词连用Theyusuallygotoschoolbybus.Heoftengoesswimminginsummer.表示主语的状态、特征、性格和能力等rhegirlisfiveyearsold.Allmyfriendsloveplayingbasketball.表示客观事实或普遍真理Theearthmovesaroundthesun.GuangdongHesinthesouthofChina.表示预先计划或安排好的，将要发生的行为(位移动词)rhetrainleavesattentonight.FhematchtakesplacenextFriday.在某些以here,there开头的句子，表示正在发生的动作Herecomesthetrain.(=Thetrainiscoming.)Fheregoesthebell.(=Thebellisringing.)在时间'条件等状语从句中表示将来I'llcallyouassoonas1arrivethere.Ifitdoesn'traintomorrow,wellvisittheGreatWall.⑸动词第三人称单数的变化规则类别构成方法示例一般情况加slook-looks,begin-begins,play-plays以s,x,sh,ch,o结尾加esguess-guesses,fix-fixes,finish-finishes,teach-teaches,do-does,go-goes

续表类别构成方法示例以辅音字母+y结尾改y为i,再力口eshurry-hurries,study-studies,try-tries以元音字母+y结尾直接加splay-plays,enjoy-enjoys,stay-stays特殊情况have-has幺即学即练一、写出下列动词的第三人称单数形式1.stay2.brush3.fly4.watch5.drive6.have二、用括号内提示词的适当形式填空1.1 (go)shoppingwithmymothereverySunday.2.Mary (collect)stampsinherfreetime.It'sherhobby.3.Hetoldmethesun (rise)intheeast.4.Pleaseletmeknowassoonasyourbrother(come)back.5. you (brush)yourteetheveryday?6.HowoftenMike (play)basketball?cSQop'9qsnjq，oqsaiuoo予sasu•£SQ可［03ZI'二s叫,9SSAljp-gsgqn理m>•£saqsnjqz、-A”@一般过去时(1)定义：一般过去时主要表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或存在的状态。(2)基本结构：动词过去式Wewereteachersbefore.Hehaxlapencilyesterday.(3)时间状语:ago,justnow,thismorning,yesterday,lastweek,inthepast,in1994,atthattime,once,onceuponatime,intheolddays等

(4)基本用法:用法例句表示过去某时间发生的动作或存在的状态Hewasatschoollastweek.1gotupat7:30yesterdaymorning.表示过去经常或反复发生的动作1usedtogetupverylate.MrsSmithalwayscarriedanumbrellainthepast.在时间、条件等状语从句中表示过去将来Tomtoldmethathewouldwritetomewhenhearrivedthere.Hesaidhewouldcomeif1lenthimmymotorcar.⑸动词一般过去式的变化规则:类别构成方法示例规则变化一般情况加edoffer-offered,weigh-weighed以e结尾加dlike-liked,provide-provided,use-used以辅音字母+y结尾以元音字母+y结尾改y为i,再加ed直接加edtry-tried,fly-flied,study-studied,play-played,enjoy-enjoyed,stay-stayed以重读闭音节结尾双写末尾的辅音字母.再加edplan-planned,refer-referred,regret-regretted不规则变化：详见不规则动词表4即学即练一、写出下列动词的过去式1.shop 2.hurry 3.play4.live5.have6.cost二、用括号内提示词的适当形式填空They(be)studentstwoyearsago.

He(lose)hisbike,sohewasveryunhappyyesterday.They(leave)forCanadaearlythismorning.Thelittleboysmiledathisfatherassoonashe(see)himVincent(notgo)tobeduntil11o'clocklastnight.Bill(read)abookaboutsportyesterday.pE9J908lupipMBS卞典£I、二P叫4paXrjd,£poujnq7paddoqs-i、_qy❸现在进行时(1)定义：现在进行时表示现在正在进行的动作或现阶段正在进行或从事的动作。(2)基本结构：be(am/is/are)+现在分词⑶时间状语：now,thesedays等，或者是使用了look,listen的句子(4)基本用法：用法例句表示说话时正在进行的动作Theyareplayingfootballnow.Listen!Sheisplayingtheviolin.表示现阶段正在进行的事情Heismakingmodelplanesthesedays.MrJacksonisvisitingourcitythisweek.当其与always,often,constantly等副词连用时，表示重复的动作、表示不满或满意等Thestudentsaremakingprogressconstantly.Mysisterisalwayslosingherkeys.出现come,begin,leave,arrive等表位置移动的词，用现在进行时表将来UncleCheniscoming.I'mleavingtomorrow.⑸现在分词的变化规则类别构成方法示例一般情况加ingplay-playing,wash-washing,sleep-sleeping以不发音的e结尾去掉e,再加ingdance-dancing,have-having,come-coming以重读闭音节结尾双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ingshop-shopping,swim-swimming,run-running以ie结尾改ie为y,再加ingtie-tying,lie-lying公即学即练一、写出下列动词的现在分词形式1.cut 2.die 3.take4.study5.skate6.begin二、用括号内提示词的适当形式填空Bill (write)areport,sodon'tdisturbhim.Look,thegirls(swim)inthepool.Hurryup.Thetaxi(come).三、选择正确答案MyfriendsareTVinthelivingroom.A.watch B.seeing C.watchingD.readingDoyouknowwhyhesostrangelythesedays?A.acts B.act C.wasacting D.isactingArethegirlslookingatthescreen?Yes,they.A.aren't B.are C.don't D.do

□I、三SupUMST'J、二SuiXpnisSuW□I、三SupUMST'J、二SuiXpnisSuWn3-iA4Suiuioosi,£SuiuituiMSaie工SuiuuiSoq9 坪 qgupje]•£ SuiXp zo过去进行时(1)定义：过去进行时表示在过去某一时间点或某一段时间内正在发生或进行的动作。(2)基本结构：be(was/were)4现在分词IwaswatchingTVatninelastnight.(3)时间状语：thewholemorning,atfivelastSaturday,atthistimeyesterday,fromninetotenlastevening,atthattime/moment等(4)基本用法：用法例句表示过去某个时间点正在进行的动作Hewasreadingabookatthistimeyesterday.When/Whileweweretalkjng,mybosscamein.表示过去某个时间段正在进行的动作Hewasdoinghishomeworkthewholemorning.Hewascleaninghiscarwhile1wasreadingthenewspaper.表示反复发生的、出乎意料的或计划之外的昼，通常与always,forever等副词连用Wewerealwayse,go,leave这类动词可用过去进行时表示过去某时打算要做的事或预计要发生的事Hesaidthetrainwasleavingatsixthenextmorning.@即学即练一、用括号内提示词的适当形式填空Whenthebellrang,they(wait)intheirseats.一WasGaryathomeyesterdayevening?一Yes,hewas.He(listen)tothemusicthewholenight.

they(have)ameetingatnineo'clockyesterdaymorning?SheaskedmeifI(go)shoppingthatafternoon.二、选择正确答案WhilesheTYshealoudsoundoutside.A.watched,washearing B.waswatching,washearingC.waswatching,heard D.watched,heardHealwaysofotherswhenhewasasolider.A.does,thinkingB.was,thinkingC.is,thinkingD.did,think9T 01、二§uio§sbmSuiApq匕1办\*£Suiuojsqsbm7SupiPMjgMj_❺一般将来时⑴定义：一般将来时表示将来要发生的动作或存在的状态，或将来会经常发生的动作或存在的状态.(2)时间状语：tomorrow,thedayaftertomorrow,tomorrowmorning,thisafternoon,nextyear,inafewdays,beforelong,inthefuture,soon,someday等(3)基本结构与用法：基本结构用法例句will+动词原形表示将发生的动作或情况；预料将要发生的动作或情况Willyougoswimmingwithme?ItllbeTeachers*Daytomorrow.be(am/is/are)goingt。+动词原形表示计划、打算做某事或者有迹象表明某事要发生1amgoingtospendmyholidayinTokyo.Look!It'sgoingtorain.be(am/is/are)to+动词原形表示客观的计划或者安排好的事，比begoingtodo更强调客观性Sheistobemarriednextweek.SheistovisitAustralianextyeanbe(am/is/are)aboutto+动词原形表示即将发生的动作，不能与时间状语连用They'reabouttoleave.(=They'releaving.)

公即学即练

选择正确答案Paulherenextmonth.B.won'tworkD.isn'tgoingtoworkingB.won'tworkD.isn'tgoingtoworkingB.isgoingtocomingbackD.willcomebackC.isn'tworkingLisainfourdays.A.camebackC.comingbackThepresidentusthisafternoon.A.havemeet B.ismeetingC.met D.istomeetThereameetingnextweek.A.isgoingtobe B.willgotobeC.willbegoingto D.willgoingtobeGeorgeis13yearsoldnow,andhe14nextyear.A.isgoingtobe B.wasgoingtobeC.willbe D.is6.youA.Will,be6.youA.Will,beC.Are,beB.Will,areD.Do,beV,9VTQT9,1gyo过去将来时(1)定义：过去将来时表示从过去的某一时间来看将来要发生的动作或呈现的状态。常用于宾语从句和间接引语中。⑵基本结构与用法： .基本结构用法例句would+动词原形表示对过去某一段时间来说将要发生的动作或状态HesaidhewouldgotoGuangzhouthenextday.Shetoldmetheywouldgocampingthefollowingweek.

续表基本结构用法例句be(was/were)goingto+动词原形表示过去曾经打算或准备要做的动作1didn'tknowifshewasgoingtocome.be(was/were)to+动词原形表示过去即将安排好的事情或将要去做的动作Heinformedusthetrainwastoleaveateight.be(was/were)aboutto+动词原形表示过去即将发生的动作1wasabouttodomyhomeworkwhenmymotherarrivedhome.•二即学即练选择正确答案LMothersaidthatshe metoShanghaithenextyear.A.willtake B.takes C.took D.wouldtakehopedAndy tomybirthdaypartythenextFriday.A.iscoming B.wouldcomeC.wascoining D.willcomeHetoldmethathe Egyptthefollowingmonth.A.wouldvisit B.willvisitC.hasvisited D.isgoingtovisitwasnotsurewhetherhe morefruits.A.isgoingtogrow B.willgrowC.wasgoingtogrow D.hasgrownShemadeuphermindthatshe anewcaronceshechangedajob.A.hadbought B.haveboughtC.bought D.wouldbuyqg。干vwa7ai心x❼现在完成时⑴定义：现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。还可以表示过去某时间开始并一直持续到现在的动作或状态。(2)基本结构：have/has+过去分词

(3)时间状语：already,yet,never,ever,just,before,recently,lately,for+时间E殳，since+时间点sofar,inthepast/last...years等(4)基本用法：用法例句表示过去发生的动作刚刚结束Shehasalreadyleftthere.Hehasjusthadsupper.表示过去的动作对现在的影响，一般不用时间状语MysistershavenXhadbreakfastyet.1havelostmymobilephone.表示发生在过去，一直持续到现在，仍要继续下去的动作或状态Untilnowwehaven'tsolvedtheproblems.1havelearntEnglishforalongtime.1havebeenheresince1998.表示从过去到现在经历过的事情__TheyhaveneverbeentoSydney.Janehas^eentotheGreatWalltwice.⑸考点辨析A.延续性动词与瞬间动词在现在完成时中的辨析具体内容例句两者的区分瞬间动词不能跟表示一段时间的状语连用，延续性动词可以Ihaveleftmyhometownfor23years,(x)Ihavebeenawayfrommyhometownfor23years.(V)如需体现时间状语，可将瞬间动词转化为其他形式改成相应的延续性动词Ihaveborrowedthebook.一Ihavekeptthebookfortwodays.转换成be+名词Hehasjoinedtheclub.—►Hehasbeenamemberoftheclubforaterm.转换成be+形容词或副词Hergrandmotherhasdied.—►Hergrandmotherha^beendeadforfouryears.转换成be+介词短语SallyhasarrivedinChina.—►SallyhasbeeninChinaforayear.特殊用法在否定句中，瞬间动词能与一段时间连用Ihaven^tseenherforseveraldays.

B.hasgoneto,hasbeent（»和hasbeenin的用法辨析句型意义例句have/hasgoneto去了某地（还没回来）MymotherhasgonetoBeijing.have/hasbeento曾经去过（已经回来）（常与ever,never等频率副词连用）MymotherhasbeentoBeijingthreetimes.have/hasbeenin（+for+时间段/since+时间点）待了多久（去了，现仍在所待的地方）Mymotherhas^eenjnBeijingforthreeyears.（6）常考句型句型例句It（This）isthe+序数词+time+that从句（从句用现在完成时）Itisthefirsttimethat1havemetherparents.Thisisthe+形容词最高级+名词+that从句（从句用现在完成时）ThisisthemostinterestingfilmthatI'veeverseen.Itis/lthasbeen+时间段+since+从句（从句用一般过去时）Ithasbeen/lfsfouryearssincehegraduatedfromtheuniversity.次即学即练-x用for或since填空LindahasstudiedChineseshewasfiveyearsold.Tveknownherlastyear.HehaslivedinGuangzhouabout23years.TheyhavebeenawayfromItalytenyearsago.二、选择正确答案一Haveyouseenthefilm?一No,Ihaveseenit.A.already,everB.ever,alreadyC.never,justD.ever,neverTheSoundofMusicisawonderfulfilm.Iitthreetimes.A.haveseenB.willseeC.see D.sawThefamouswriterthreebest-sellingbooksbynow.A.wrote B.haswrittenC.iswriting D.waswritingIthasbeenabout10yearssinceshetheUSA.A.hasleftB.leave C.left D.isleavingHurryup!Thefilmforsevenminutes.A.hadbegun B.hasbegunC.began D.hasbeenon一haveyouplayedthepiano?—Forsixyears.A.Howoften B.HowfarC.Howlong D.HowsoonItisthefourthtimethattheytheexperiment.A.havedoneB.did C.do D.haddoneThisisthemosttouchingstorythatI.A.everheard B.everhearC.willhear D.haveeverheardBrucehastoFrance.Hewillcomebackinthreedays.A.neverbeen B.gone C.been D.wenta6a,8VY□9CTS0卞日£V7a,i、二aouis•少吗•£aouisz53UIS*T、一,❽过去完成时(1)定义：过去完成时表示过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作，即表示过去的过去。 .(2)基本结构：had+过去分词HehadstudiedChinesebeforehecametoBeijing.(3)时间状语：(bythetime/theendof等)+过去的时间，表示“过去的过去”。

(4)基本用法用法例句表示在过去某一时间或动作以前已经完成了的动作1hadfinishedallmyworkbeforedinner.Bytheendoflastyear,wehadlearnt3,000newwords.Thefilmhadalreadystartedwhenwegottothecinema.表示过去某一时刻之前发生的动作或状态，持续到过去某个时间或还要持续下去ShehadJivedinBeijingfor10yearsbeforeshecamehere.Hetoldmethathehadknownhersincehewasaboy.用于intend,hope,expect等表示愿望与打算的词，表示过去未曾实现的意图或希望，表达惋惜之情Ihadintendedtovisityouyesterday,butIhadtodealwithanurgentproblem.(5)常考句型句型例句Itwasthe+序数词+time+that从句(从句用过去完成时)ItwasthefirsttimethatIhadspokentoaforeigner.Itwas+时间段+since+从句(从句用过去完成时)ItwastwoyearssinceIhadknownhim.hardly...when...nosooner...than...Wehadhardlygottotheparkwhenitbegantorain.=Wehadnosoonergottotheparkthanitbegantorain.注意：动词过去分词的规则变化方式与动词过去式的相同；不规则变化请参照书后附录：不规则动词表。公即学即练一、选择正确答案allthelightsbeforeIwenttobed.A.hadturnedoff B.turnedoffC.haveturnedoff D.willturnoffMyplanfailedbecauseIabadmistake.A.made B.havemadeC.hadmadeD.make二、用括号内提示词的适当形式填空Hesaidhe(return)themoneytohisfriendthedaybefore.She(sing)asongtousbeforeshedanced.Bytheendoflastweek,they(sell)100,000tickets.Bythetimeshearrivedthehospital,hermother(passaway).在mbpassedpeq卞pjosp叫巧Sunsp叫工paujnpjp叫「、二3? Y【'一的Q同步练习一、填写下列动词的相应形式原形第三人称单数现在分词过去式过去分词havingboughtstopbecomedoesswimmingtryplayscutwent

二、选择正确答案1.yourfather milkeveryday?1.A.Do,drinkC.Did,drinkB.Does,drinkA.Do,drinkC.Did,drinkD.Does,drinksBettyhermotheronthefarmthewholemorninglastSunday.D.wouldhelpthedinnerD.hadcookedD.havelivedD.comeD.wouldhelpthedinnerD.hadcookedD.havelivedD.comeD.didBythetimewereachedhomeyesterday,myparentsalready.A.wascookedB.cookedC.havecookedFilneverforgetthedayIinthevillage.A.live B.willlive C.livedwillbehappyifyoualltomybirthdayparty.came B.hadcome C.willcome—Mike,whydidn'tyoucomelastnight?—I,butIhadtotakecareofmysister.A.would B.had C.wasgoingtoMyuncletoseeourgrandparents.He'llbeheresoon.A.comes B.iscomingC.hadcomeD.cameThisisthebiggestdesertintheworldthathe—.A.hadeverknown B.haseverknownC.haveeverknown D.willeverknowHenrysaidhewouldgotothemuseumassoonashehishomework.A.finished B.hadfinishedC.willfinish D.finishWhilefatherhisbike,IakiteforJohn.A.wasrepairing,wasmaking B.repaired,madeC.wasrepairing,made D.repaired,was makingThedayaftertomorrowtheyafootballmatch.A.arewatching B.willwatchingC.aregoingtowatch D.watchHehislegbeforetheysawhim.A.havebroken B.hadbroken C.hasbroken D.brokeShethedoorandwentintothebedroom.A.locks B.hadlocked C.locking D.lockedHerparentsforseveralyears.A.died B.dead.C.havedied D.havebeendeadDavidpromisedhisfriendthathenotsmokeagain.A.would B.might C.shouldD.could—Ihaven'tseenhimforseveraldays.—Hepreparationforthefinalexam.A.make B. makes C. ismaking D.wasmakingIfhecomes,weskatingtogether.A.willgo B. went C. go D.wouldgoWeSydneyOperaHousetwice.A.havebeento B. havegoneto C.havebeenin D.willbetoThistimetomorrowwethatmountain.A.climbed B.climbC.haveclimbed D.willbeclimbinghopetheythishousebythetimewecomebacknextautumn.A.havebuilt B.willbuildC.willhavebuilt D.aretobuild三、用括号内提示词的适当形式填空1(teach)myselfEnglishfor13years.Cathywentintoabookshopand(buy)adictionaryforherson.It'snineo'clock.Dora(lie)inbed.Andrew(paint)thehousebeforehemovedin.Michael(live)anormallifesincethen.Theysaidthescientist(make)aspeechforthekidsthenextday.He(spend)hiswholesummerholidayinItalylastyear.四、根据所给汉语提示，完成英语句子(我们的家乡发生了很大变化)since2015.Ifyouholdontoyourdream,it (终有一天会成真).Hetoldhisfriendsthathismother(将会给他买)apresent.Theytoldusthat(光传播得比声音快).Themovie (已经开始了)for15minuteswhenwegottothecinema.第十章被动语态课前热身请判断下列句子是主动句还是被动句OHeopenedthedoor.Thedoorwasopened.Webuiltthisbridgelastyear.Thisbridgewasbuiltlastyear.haveboughtanewcomputer.6.Anewcomputerhasbeenbought.动脑思考什么情况下需要使用被动语态？被动语态的构成是怎么样的？主动语态与被动语态如何进行转换？知识重点■重点一、被动语态概述语态是动词的一种形式，用来表示主语和谓语之间的关系。英语的语态包括两种形式：主动语态和被动语态。如果主语是动作的执行者，动词就用主动语态。反之，如果主语是动作的承受者，动词就用被动语态。被动语态由"助动词be+过去分词”构成，其中be有时态、人称和数的变化。例：Englishistaughtinmostschools.Thousandsoftreeswereplantedlastyear.次即学即练阅读文段，用括号内提示词的适当形式填空TheNetherlandsisfamousforwindmills.Someofthem1.(build)inthe18thcentury.They2.(use)to3.(produce)

windpower.TheNetherlandsisalsofamousforcandles.Thecandles4.(make)byhand.apuui9JB下a?npojd•£pgsnojb7ijmqjsm」人？,■重点二、不同时态的语态类别语态例句一般现在时★主动do/doesWecleanthefloor.—►Theflooriscleanedbyus.被动am/is/are+done一般过去时★主动didHemadeakite.—►Thekitewasmadebyhim.被动was/were+done一般将来时★主动willbeTheyw川planttreestomorrow.—►Thetreeswillbeplantedbythemtomorrow.被动willbe+done1 现在进行时主动am/is/are+doingSheiswateringflowers.—►Theflowersarebeingwateredbyher.被动am/is/are+beingdone; 过去进行时主动was/were+doingHewaswritingaletteratthistimeyesterday.—►Aletterwasbeingwrittenbyhimatthistimeyesterday.被动was/were+beingdone2 现在完成时主动have/has+doneJackhasfinishedthework.-►TheworkhasbeenfinishedbyJack.被动have/has+beendone过去完成时主动haddoneJimhadfinishedthework.一►TheworkhadbeenfinishedbyJim.被动had+beendone续表类别语态例句过去将来时主动woulddoShesaidshewouldmakeakite.—►Shesaidakitewouldbemadebyher.被动wouldbe+done情态动词★主动can/may/mustdoYoumusthandinyourhomeworkafterclass.Yourhomeworkmustbehandedinafterclass.被动can/may/must+be+done注意：以上带的语态为主要考点公即学即练用括号内提示词的适当形式填空Thiskindofcotton(grow)inthesoutheastofChina.Hisdictionary(leave)inthereadingroomyesterday.AtalkonChinesehistory(give)inourschoolhallnextMonday.Look!Anicepicture(draw)bytheteacher.Thequestion(discuss)atthistimeyesterdayafternoon.She(tell)manytimes,butstillcan'trememberit.Bythetimethetornadoended,morethan700people(kill).Thework(finish)by5pm.Canyouwaituntilthen?Theknifecan(use)tocutpaper.Theroomhadbetter(clean)thisafternoon.pauuapaqoip^snaq6p^qsiuyoq[rm-g u^qpuqypjojseqgpossnosipSuiaqsumumpjp§upqsi

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■重点三、主动语态与被动语态的转换类别变为被动句的方法例句“主+谓+宾”的句型step1.把主动句的宾语变为被动句的主语；step2.把主动结构的谓语改成be+过去分词的形式，be根据主语人称和数及原句时态作变化；step3.如需强调动作的执行者，把主动句的主语放在by后。如没必要强调执行者，可省略。by后的人称代词要用宾格Theywillbuildanewshoppingmallnextyear.—►Anewshoppingmallwillbebuiltbythemnextyear.“主+谓+间接宾语+直接宾语”的句型可用间接宾语（人）作被动句的主语，也可用直接宾语（物）作被动句的主语，但需用t。或for引出原句的间接宾语（人）Myunclegavemeapresentonmybirthday.—►改法1：Iwasgivenapresentonmybirthday.改法2：Apresentwasgiventomeonmybirthday.一般可在下列动词后、间接宾语前用介词for,如：build,buy,cook,cut,choose,do,fetch,find,fix,get,keep,make,order,paint,play,sing等Pveboughtmylittlesisterasweater.Asweaterhasbeenboughtformylittlesisterbyme.“主+谓+宾+宾补"的句型一般可以把主动结构中的宾语改为主语，而宾语补足语保留在谓语动词的后面。使役动词make及感官动词see,watch,hear,notice等在主动语态中后接不带t。的不定式作宾语补足语，但在被动语态中to要还原Shetoldustofollowherinstructions.Weweretoldtofollowherinstructions.Weoftenhearhimplaytheguitar.—►Heisoftenheardtoplaytheguitar.注意：当主动句的谓语为短语动词时，要把短语动词作为整体看，变为被动语态时，不可丢掉动词后的介词或副词。Theywillputoffthesportsmeetingbecauseofthebadweather.—►Thesportsmeetingwillbeputoffbecauseofthebadweather.公即学即练根据括号要求改写句子。amgivenabirthdaypresentbymyparentseveryyear.（同义句转换）Abirthdaypresentbymyparentseveryyear.Parentsshouldtakegoodcareoftheirbabies.（改为被动语态）Babiesbytheirparents.Hemademedothatforhim.（改为被动语态）Ithatforhim.Theywillbuildabridgenextyear.（改为被动语态）Wehaveboughtanewsofa.（改为被动语态）Myfatherplantedthistree10yearsago.（改为被动语态）sjpoXoiXiuXqsumnansii[£9,snXq）q§noqusoqseqbjosmouy§jxauuigqjXqjpnqcqjjimo§puqyS opo]apuiusum・£jopoo§11叫eiaqpjnoqs7am01u9ai8si■重点四、不用被动语态的情况类别例句系动词如feel,look,seem,taste,sound,remain等，用主动形式表示被动意义Thefoodtastesdelicious.（V）Thefoodistasteddelicious.（x）谓语为sell,wash,clean,run,ride,wear,write等动词，且和状语well,easily,badly连用时，用主动形式表达被动意义Thepenwriteswell.Thebooksellswell.

续表类别例句谓语为need,beworth,require,want等词时，可接动名词表示被动意义Thebikeneedsrepairing.=Thebikeneedstoberepaired.谓语为不及物动词（短语）时，不用被动语态，如：rise,happen,takeplace,belongto等Aftertheearthquake,fewhousesremained.(7)Aftertheearthquake,fewhouseswereremained.(x)Thefirebrokeoutinthecapitalbuilding.(V)Thefirewasbrokenoutinthecapitalbuilding.(x)表示状态的动词不能用于被动语态，如：have,hold,lack,last,own等Theboyhasabeautifultoy.(V)Abeautifultoyishadbytheboy.(x)遮即学即练根据所给汉语提示，完成英语句子Thefood(尝起来很糟糕).Greatchanges(发生)inrecentyears.Afewpears(留在了)onthetree.Whenwegottothetopofthemountain,thesun(已经升起来了).Booksofthiskind(畅销)，Thecar(需要清洗).[rm]ps

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pauipuioj•£Q同步练习一、写出下列动词的过去分词1.cost2.cut3.hurt4.put5.beat6.take7.deal8.hear9.show10.build11.spend—12.bring13.buy14.think_15.catch 16.teach17.hold 18.speak_19.keep 20.have二、选择正确答案Theworksoon.A.willbefinished B.finishesC.hasfinished D.willfinishInsomepartsoftheworld,teawithmilkandsugar.A.serves B.servedC.isserving D.isservedMaryanewbikebyherfatherlastweek.A.weregiven B.hasbeengivenC.wasgiven D.willbegivenThestoryinthe18thcentury.A.happened B.washappenedC.hashappened D.happening—Thehurricanetoreachthecoasttomorrowmorning一Ifso,we'dbettermakefullpreparationsforit.A.willbepredicted B.ispredictingC.haspredicted D.ispredictedWecan'tmoveintothehouseyet,fbrit.A.isgettingrepair B.isbeingrepairedC.hasbeenrepaired D.isrepairingYourhomeworkbeforeclass.A.handin B.ishandinC.mustbehandedin D.willhandinMostsciencebooksinEnglishnow.A.wrote B.writeC.werewritten D.arewritten9.AnewfilminStarCinemanow.A.showsC.isbeingshownB.isbeingshowingD.isshown10.Anewbridgeinmyhometownlastyear.A.builtC.hasbeenbuiltB.wasbuiltD.isbeingbuilt11.Ourschool,whichin1901,isoneoftheoldestschoolsinourprovince.A.foundC.wasfoundThey dayandnight.A.aremadeworkC.madetobeworkedB.wasfoundedD.foundedB.aremadetoworkD.aremakingtowork13.PetertoattendameetinginShanghai.A.toldC.hasbeentoldB.hastoldD.aretoldThebookme.Itishers.A.isntbelongedto B.wasn'tbelongedtoC.doesn'tbelongto D.didn'tbelongtoTheproblembeforethemeetingisover.A.hadbeenworkedout B.wereworkedoutC.willbeworkedout D.hasbeenworkedoutThefootballmatchnextweek.A.willhold B.washoldC.willbeheld D.willbeholdGreatchangesinChinainthelasttenyears.A.aretakenplace B.arebeingtakenplaceC.havetakenplace D.havebeentakenplaceThemanagerenteredtheofficeandwashappytolearnthatmostofthetickets.A.wasbooked B.werebeingbookedC.hadbeenbooked D.havebeenbooked—IwonderwhyRoberthasn'tshownupattheinterviewyet.Itwouldbeapityifhemissed.一I'mnotsure,butheinatrafficjamonhiswayhere.A.couldstuck B.shouldstuckC.musthavestuck D.mighthavebeenstuck一Thewindowisdirty.—Iknow.Itfbrweeks.A.hasn5tcleaned B.didn'tcleanC.wasn'tcleaned D.hasn'tbeencleaned三、用括号内提示词的适当形式填空Thelongbridge(build)twomonthsago.Whichlanguagethemostwidely(speak)intheworld?Thestudentsoften(tell)totakecareoftheirdesksandchairs.Canthemagazine(take)outofthelibrary?Thefood(smell)delicious.四、根据所给汉语提示，完成英语句子Goodmedicine (吃起来)bittertothemouth.Nowadays,computers(被广泛使用)intheworld.WhenIgottohishouse,Ifoundthatthewalls(正在被粉刷).Thebook(销路很好).Recentlyourlife(受到很大影响)byairpollution.第十一章非谓语动词课前热身请找出下列句子中的动词或动词短语。Somemadetheirlivingbytrading.Eachtypeofshipwasbuiltforadifferentuse.Theyareworkinghardandlivinghonestly.Hesetsailfinally,knowingquitesurewheretogo.Theman,namedEric,wasalwaysintroublewithhiscolleagues.TofighttheCOVID-19,weshouldwearmasksinpublicareas.®动脑思考一以上―动、产都日句子的、『吗，如果不口又曰什么呢？知识重点■重点一、动词不定式❶动词不定式的形式动词不定式的形式例句一般式★主动todo1wanttoreadthisnovel.Hewastoldnottosmokeanymore.被动tobedoneHewantshisnewbookto^ej^adbyhiscolleaguesassoonaspossible完成式主动tohavedoneSheissaidtohaveknowntheaccident.被动tohavebeendoneHewasthefirstteenagertohavebeenawardedthisprize.进行式主动tobedoing1amgladtobedancingwithyou.不定式的否定式是在to前加not,如nottodo,nottobedone等带“★”为常见考点公即学即练用括号内提示词的适当形式填空Hewants(go)therewithhisfamily.Emilyaskedhermother(nottake)herbabyaway.Sheseems(get)muchbetter.4.1amsorry(put)youintrouble.Thewriterwantedhisbook(publish)inaveryshorttime.Thestoryissaid(know)byalltheneighbours.umoldjua叫叫o】§ paqsijqnd叫oi 1nd3A叫oj卞m翥叫 o8orIa@动词不定式（短语）的句法功能不定式在句中不能作谓语，但具有动词的一些特征，可以有自己的宾语和状语，又兼有名词、形容词和副词的语法功能，在句子中可用作主语、宾语、表语'定语、状语和宾语补足语。它表示动作还没发生或与谓语动词动作同时发生。功能说明例句作主语不定式作主语可放于句首。当不定式过长时可以用it代替,把真正的主语不定式置于句末lbstayhealthyisourdream.Itisourdreamtostayhealthy.如果要说明不定式的动作发出者是谁，可以在不定式前加forItisnoteasyforhimtofindajobnowadays.当it后有kind,good,nice,wise,clever,right,wrong,foolish,careless等描述人的特征或行为的形容词作表语时，用of引导的短语表示不定式的逻辑主语，从而引出动词不定式Itisverykindofhimtooffermehelp.作表语说明主语的性质与内容Herdutyistoteachwellinthisschool,

功能说明例句作定语动词不定式作定语时应放在它所修饰的名词或代词之后Wemustfindaplacetohideaway.作宾语可按不定式作宾语的动词有：ask,appear,arrange,afforddecide,demand,desire,expect,fail,happen,hope,intend,learn,long,manage,offer,plan,pretend,promise,refuse,wish等Heintendstofinishhisjobintwodays.Wedecidedtoplantmoretreesthisspring.feel,find,make,think等后可用it作形式宾语，真正的宾语为动词不定式1finditdifficulttowriteapoem.1don'tthinkithelpfultodrinktoomuchwater.作宾语补足语动词ask,advise,allow,beg,cause,enable,encourage,expect,force,get,help,hate,invite,like,order,permit,promise,remind,teach,tell,urge,want,warn,wish等可在具兵语后接动词不定式作宾语补足语Theteachertoldustohandjnourhomeworkimmediately.感官动词feel,listento,hear,see,watch,notice,observe和使彳殳动词let,have,make等后接省略to的不定式作宾语补足语，被动句中要还原toWeoftenhearhersingthissong.Thestorymadeuslaugh.hadbetter,cannotbut,wouldrather...than,whynot,donothingbut等词组后跟省略to的动词不定式We'dbetterkeepsocialdistance.1cannotgobutwait.Atthatnight,theycoulddonothingbutwaitfortheoutsidehelp.作状语作目的状语时，常用表达有inorderto,soasto（只能放句中）等Hecametovisithisparents.Inordertoimprovehisstudy,hewentabroadforadvancedstudy.作结果状语时，常用表达有too...t。，enoughto,so...asto,such..asto等Heistooyoungtotakeavolunteerjob.作原因状语Theboywashappytohearfromthisnewfriend.注意：who,how,what,when,why等疑问词后可接动词不定式，作主语、宾语、表语等成分，其作用相当于一个从句。Whattodoisstillabigquestion.Wemustknowhowtousecomputers.Theproblemiswhentostopthetest4即学即练选择括号内适当的词汇，或用括号内提示词的适当形式填空Itwasreallyunwise(for,of)him(giveup)thisopportunity.Thenextstepis(apply)forajobontheInternet.Sheisalwaysthelastone(leave)theoffice.Ourteacherencouragedus(care)moreaboutourskills.Shewasseen(dance)withthatboy.feelthewarmth(run)overmyskin.Itisimportant(for,of)him(hold)thischance.Shedoesnothingbut(sleep)overnight.HewenttotheUK(earn)moremoney.Weallowthisboy(take)tothepartybyhisparents.Hepretended(know)me,asheevendidn'tsayhellotomeinthemeeting.Hemademe(give)aspeechinthemeeting.9ai§YIMOinjo];ou•[[ gq ujuagdaajs,gpjoqojUqj,/ uni9a?upp01g9JE301 Xjddroj7dnoai§o：

■重点二、动名词