小升初英语培优第9讲：介词讲解(教师版)含答案

淘宝搜索•乐学网课淘宝搜索•乐学网课第九讲：介词一、【考点解读】介词是一种用来表示词与词、词与句之间的关系的虚词，在句子中不能单独作成分。介词后而一般有名词代词或相当于名词的其他词类，短语或从句作它的宾语。介词和它的宾语构成介词词组，在句中作状语、表语、补语或介词宾语。介词可以分为时间介词、地点介词、方式介词、原因介词和其他介词。介词是英语中最活跃的词类之一，特别是一些常用介词的搭配力特别强，可以用来表示各种不同的意思。二、【知识讲解】Mis.Smith'skitclieiiMrs.Smith'skitchenissmall.Thereisarefrigeratorinthekitchen.Therefrigeratoriswhite.Itisontheright.Thereisanelectriccookerinthekitchen.Thecookerisblue.Itisontheleft.Thereisatableinthemiddleoftheroom.

Thereisabottleonthetable.Thebottleisempty.Thereisacuponthetable,too.Thecupisclean.知识点1 时间介词at,on,in的用法1.at(1)表示具体时刻，如:attlireeo'clock在三点钟attlireeo'clock在三点钟athalfpasteight在八点半(2)(2)固定搭配:atnoonatnightatnoonatnightatdawnatthemomentatfirstatthebeginningatlastatsunriseatsunsetatthesametimeatdinner-timeattheendofatduskatpresentattheageofatChristmas2.on2.on(1)表示具体某一天(包括节假日)(1)表示具体某一天(包括节假日)，如:onMarch8叫2016在2016年3月onMarch8叫2016在2016年3月8日onChildrensDay在儿童节(attheSpringFestival)onSunday在星期天(2)表示具体某一天的早、中、晚，如:onSaturdaymorning在周六早上onarainyevening在一个下雨的傍晚onahotafternoon在一个炎热的下午3.in(1)表示月份，季节，年，年代，世纪，如:inJuly在七月insummer在夏天inthe1990sinJuly在七月insummer在夏天inthe1990s在20世纪90年代inthe21"century在21世纪in2016在2016年inhistwenties在他20多岁(2)多岁(2)后面跟一段时间，表示“…・・之后力指将来的时间，如:inaweek一周之后inaweek一周之后inafewmonths几个月之后I'llbebackinalewminutes.我几分钟后回来。(3)固定搭配inthemorninginEnglishinaminuteinahurryintimeintheendinthemorninginEnglishinaminuteinahurryintimeintheend注意：this,that,last,next,every,one,yesterday,today,tomorrow,tonight.alLmost等词之前一般不加介词。如:thismorning今天早晨注意：this,that,last,next,every,one,yesterday,today,tomorrow,tonight.alLmost等词之前一般不加介词。如:thismorning今天早晨lastweek上周nextmonth下个月onemorning一天早晨tomorrowmorning明天早晨（on）thatday在那天（thatday更常用些）nextyear明年everyday每天yesterdayafternoon昨天下午allday/moming/night整天/整个早晨/整晚知识点2 地点、方位介词at,in,on,above,below的用法l.at表示在某个具体地点，即“小地方”(比城市小)，如:athomeatschoolatthebusstationathomeatschoolatthebusstationatthecomer atthetopof attheschoolgateatthecrossroads atthefootof attheairport2.in"在…之中"，表示在某范围之内，或某个地方（城市，国家等大地方），如:Therearemanybooksinmyschoolbag.MygrandparentsareinBhelibraryinthelibraryinChinainthesky固定搭配：inthecarinthehospitalintheworldinthemiddleofinShanghaiintheeast注意：在某个地理范围内的“东、南、西、北'方,也用in.如:ShanghaiisintheeastofChina.3.on"在…之上”，表示某物体上面并与之接触，如:Mybookisonthetable.固定搭配：onthedeskontheroadontheshelfonthedeskontheroadontheshelfonthewallontheplaygroundontheright/leftonabus/trainononeswaytoonbothsidesoftheriver注意：地理上与某个地方接壤的“东、南、西、北”方，用。1】，如：ShanghaiisonthesouthofJiangsu.补充：地理上与某个地方不接壤的“东、南、西、北”方，用M如:JapanistotheeastofChina.above意为“高出…”，”超过...”，指在……上方，不一定在正上方（正上方用over）,与below相对，如：Theplaneisflyingabovetheclouds.below意为“在……之下,低于”，不一定在正下方（正下方用under）,如:Thefishwereswimmingbelowthesurfaceofthewater.Io图示总结IoonOtQ“相邻”“包#三.表运动方向和位置的介词：across/through/over/by经过①across指横穿，穿过.表示动作从某一物体表面上经过.②through指穿过，透过，表示从某一物体空间内通过.③。ver表示从某人或某物的上空经过或越过，不与表面接触.④by/past表示从某人/某物的旁边经过.Canyouswimtheriver?/Theelephantissobigthatitcan'tgothegate.Idon'ttliiiikanyonecanjumpthefence./IwalkedthebankofChinayesterday.between,among①between指在两个人或两个事物之间：Thereisabankbetweenthepostofficeandthepolicestation.②among指在三个或三个以上的人或事物之间eg:Thcteacherisstandingamongthestudents.•in,into,outof①in：在 里面，用于表示静止的位置。Hermotherworksinthehospital.②into：进入，用于表示有特定终点的运动方向，经常与表示动作的动词连用如,come,go.run.rush等。Thechildranintohismother'sarms,这小孩跑进了它妈妈的怀里③outof：从……里出来，与into一样，也表示有一定的运动方向。如：AHthechildrenrushedoutoftheclassroomwhenthebellrang.四.表示方式的介词with/in/by表示“用……”（注意格式的对齐）l.with表示“用…”一般指有形的工具/手段/人体器官.Hecuttheappleintohalvesaknife.注：with表伴随「带有.含有”Hecameinabigsmileonhisface.n a）表示用某种语言，方式，途径.或书写/绘画所用的材料..CanyousayitEnglish?/Hewrotealetterblueink.b）以…方式inthisway用这种方法 behaveinapolitewayc）也可表交通方式travelinacar d）“穿着"inred穿红色的衣服.bya）表示乘坐交通工具.travelbybusb）以 方式、方法或手段Istudyforatestworkingwithagroup..on a）通过studyontheair/radio通过广播学习 b）乘坐onabus/onabike注意：1）.byphone=onthephone2）.bycar=inacar3）.inpen=withapen=withpens五.范围介词In在 里边inourclassbetween在两者之间 betweenusamong在三者或三者以上的中间 amongstudentsbesides除了之外还有（包括后面的宾语）TomJimbesidesLily.except除了 之外(不包括后面的宾语)Tom.JimexceptLily.including包括Allthestudentsincludingme.六.介词词组辨析Lonthetree/inthetree①。nthetree表示“树上本身长的东西”在树上.②inthetree表示“外界的物体进入树中”人或物在树上.Therearesomeapplesthetree./Thewall/onthewall①inthewall表示“门窗在墙上”②onthewall表示“某东西张贴或挂在墙上”apicturethewallthewindowthewall.except/besides/exceptfor.except除了…之外,都…不包括在范围之内，排除同类的,WeallwentswimmingexceptLucy.J注：nothingbut…除了…之外，什么也没有.Thereisnothingbutaletterinthebox..besides除了…之外，还有...包括在范围之内.WestudyJapaneseandFrenchbesidesEnglishexceptfor句中的主语与exceptfor后的宾语不同类：Smithisagoodman.exceptforhisbadtemper.史密斯除了脾气不好外，是个好人with/without.with具有，带有 反义词：without没有词组:withthehelpof=withone'shelp反义词：withoutone'shelp.without的用法:A).without+sb./sth.没有某人或某物.without+doingsth.Heleftherewithout(say)“Goodbye'tous.withoutsth常与if引导的否定的条件句.Ifthereisnowater,wecan'tlive.=Wecan'tlive.bemade+介词的区别：bemadeof由…制成(看得见原材料);bemadefrom由…制成(看不见原材料)bemadein+地点由哪儿生产：bemadebysb.由某人制造bemadeinto+成品制成某种产品since/for (常用于现在完成时).l).since:a).since+表示过去的时间短语(since+yesterday/twoyearsago/lastweek)b)since+过去时态的句子2)for:for+段时间=since+过去的时间7.其他固定搭配befullof充满；befilledwith装满 ：bebornin出生于：besureof确信:beusedto习惯于…;belatefor迟到:bestrictwithsb对某人要求严格:beexcitedabout对…感到激动。介词与动词的固定搭配：arrivein/at到达大/小地方： agreewith同意，赞同：askfor要求，请求catchupwith赶上，追上：comefrom来自； dowellin在 做得好：decideon决定； fallbehind落后；getto到达：gotoschool去上学:getonwith与某人相处：goonwithsth.继续做某事： gotobcd（sleep）去睡觉；gotothecinema去看电影;havenothingwith与 无关；hearof听说；hearfrom收到…来信； help…with…在（某方而）帮助； handin交上来。8、常用的词组athome在家 inEnglish用英语atnight在夜里 intheend最后atwork上班 inthestreet在街上atschool上学 introuble有麻烦beafraidof害怕 knockat敲（门）befullof充满 laughat嘲笑begoodat擅长 listento听 bytheway顺便提一下 lookafter照料bekindto对 好 lookat看 belatefor迟到 ofcourse当然getreadyfor为 做准备 ononefswayto在去某地的路上goover复习 ontheleft/right在左/右边handin上交 ontime准时helponeselfto随便吃 takepartin参加hundredsof成百的 talkabout谈论inahurry匆匆忙忙地 takecareof照料

inaminute会儿后waitforinaminute会儿后waitfor等待9.不用介词的情况：L当时间状为:tonight,today,yesterday,tomorrow等时，不用介词.Whatareyougoingtodotonight?2,含有this.that,these,those,last,next,every,each等时间状语.HewenttoWuhanlastweek..以all开头的时间状语前而不用介词.Hehasworkedallday..以some.any,one等构成的时间状语前不用介词.Hemetabadmanonecoldmorning.=Hemetabadmanacoldmorning.三、【典例探究】[例题1]:( )1.BettyArrivedParistheeveningofJune1.A.at;inB.on;onC.in;in D.in;on答案：D(解析：本题主要考查国家和城市前面需要加介词in,在具体的某一天的早上、中午、晚上，要用介词on“)( )2.Mymotherisusuallybusyhouseworkatnome.A.do B.with C.inD.for答案：B(解析：本题主要考查关于busy的固定搭配"bebusy(m)doing'withsth”(忙于做某事。)学生只要掌握这个用法就可以轻而易举的解题了。)( )3.Itwassofoolishhimtoaskhersuchaquestion.A.of B.for C.toD.with答案：A(解析：本题主要考查关于it的固定搭配“Itis+adj.+todosth”其中Itis+adj.+ofsbtodosth前面的形容词主要是表示人的品行的.如：kind.good,nice.wrong,careless,wise,foolish.polite,clever…….则由of连接人若形容词仅仅是描述事物，不是对不定式行为者的品格进行评价,用forsb.,这类形容词有difficult,easy,hard,important>dangerous♦(ini)possible等等。( )4.TheGreatGreenWallcanstopthewindandsandmovingtotherichlandinthesouthofChina.A.from B.with C.atD.on答案：A(解析：本题主要考查slop的用法“stop…doingsth.阻止某事的发生)建议学生能够枳累一些关于介词的固定搭配）四、【课堂运用】【基础】【练习1]LFillintheblankswithproperprepositionsTheplanearrivedatLondonairportWednesday.WhatdoyouusuallydoChristmas?Thefirstclassbegins8o'clockthemoniing.WewillbeinNanjingTuesday.Mr.Blackwillvisitournewschoolbuildingtwodays.theendoflastspringWanghaijoinedthearmytheend.WewillhaveafootballmatchthisSaturdayafternoon.Theplaneisflyingthemountains.TheDeadSeaisthesealevel.TaiwanisthesoutheastofChina.ChildrengetgiftsNewYear'sDayandtheirbirthdays.Thesportsmeetingwasheldasunnyday.Thereisawindowthewall.Thereisamapandaclockwallourclassroom.Tomgoestoschoolhisfatherscareveryday.【答案】Lon 2.at3.at,in4.on 5.in 6.ALin7./8.above9.belowlO.in11.on,on12.on13.in14.on.in15.inILChoosethebestanswer.（选择最恰当的答案）Wetraveledovernightandarrivedhomethemorning.A.on;in B.at;in C.in;in D.at;onLookthemapofChinathewall,please.Aat;inB.for;at C.at;on D.on;inThecarisstartingfiveminutes.A.at B.on C.in D.ofWereturnedtoourhometown.A.inlastweek B.inthelastweekC.lastweek D.foraweekChildrenwakeupveryearlythemorningofChristmasDay.A.in B.on C.for D.atWhydidyougetupsoearlythismorning?A.on B./ C.at D.inHearrivedShanghai9:30March5.A.at;in;at B.to;on;atC.in;on;at D.in;at;onMissWangiscomingtoBeijingtwodays.A.after B.in C.on D.beforeTheAmericanCivilWarlastedfouryearsbeforetheNorthwontheend.A.by B.at C.in D.on10.NewYearsEve,peopleusuallydon'tgotobeduntilmidnight.A.in B.at C.on D.for【答案】l.B;2,C;3.C;4,C;5.B:6.B;7.D:8.B;9.C;10.C【巩固】【练习1]I.填入适当的介词Mypencil-caseisLiLei'sdesk.Thereisabridgetheriver.Theplaneisflyingtheclouds.Pleasedonotwritethisline.Thefishswimthebridge.WewillhaveafootballmatchthisSaturdayafternoon.HeonlywatchesbasketballgameTV.EnglandisthesouthofIrelandandtheeastofEurope.theafternoonofthisSunday,myuncleisarrivingShanghai.

amgoingtomeethimthestationthisevening.【答案】Lon2.over3.above4.below5.below677.on8.on,to 9.on,inlO.at,/ILChoosethebestanswer.（选择最恰当的答案）SouthKorealiestheeastofAsia,thesouthofNorthKorea.A.in;on B.on;in C.in;to D.on;onJiangsuistheeastofChina,butJapanistheeastofChina.A.to;in B.in;to C.on;to D.to;onTheUnitedStatesisthesouthofCanadaandtheeastofJapan.A.to;inB.on;toC.in;besideD.at;onA.to;inB.on;toC.in;besideD.at;onTherewasabigsmileourteachefsface.Aoff B.near C.onTheywillhaveamathtesttwodays.A.for B.at C.inD.betweenD.afterWehadourbreakfastaquarterseven.A.Ato B.in;to C.at,to D.on,toDon'tshouttheoldwoman.Youshouldbemorepoliteher.A.to;atat;to C.in;for D.from;forTherewasabigsmileourteachefsface.Aoff B.near C.onTheywillhaveamathtesttwodays.A.for B.at C.inD.betweenD.afterWehadourbreakfastaquarterseven.A.Ato B.in;to C.at,to D.on,toDon'tshouttheoldwoman.Youshouldbemorepoliteher.A.to;atat;to C.in;for D.from;forHastheteachergivenyouanyadviceyourEnglishstudy?A.from B.with C.on D.inAlittlemonkeyisplayingatreeandtherearealotofbananasit.A.on;on B.in;on C.on;in D.in;inWhoaretheboysgreensportsshirts?A.with B.in C.at D.from【答案]LA;2.B;3.B:4.C;5.C;6.C;7.B:8.C;9.B;10.B【拔高】【练习1].Alargegroupofstudentsarewaitingthebusstopfortheschoolbus.A.for B.at C.toD.on.Tom,youarethepersonFmlooking!Cometohelpmedealwithdiecase.A.atB.for C.after D.upA.atB.for C.after D.up.PeopleonChongmingIslandcangotoShanghaiundergroundsoon.Ain Bby Cat Don.AustraliaisfamousitsPmkLake,butnowpeoplecantenjoythesceneryanylonger.A.for B.with C.of D.from.Theliftinourbuildingsuddenlybrokedownandwegottrappedfloors.A.in B.on C.between D.among.Thelocalgovernmentisplanningtodigthemountaintomakeatunnel（隧道）.A.across B.through C.above D.throughout.ThefilmWolfWarriors11turnedtobeabigsuccessin2017.A.out B.over C.on D.downtwasabsolutelyimpossibletobuildafirethatcoldwinternight.A.on B.in C.of D.by.Franceisfamousitsgreatwine,touristattractionsandfashionshows.A.as B.for C.to D.with.A:Fmtliirsty.rdlikeaglassoforangejuice.Whataboutyou,Dad?B:Ipreferacupofcoffeenothinginit.A.with B.withoutC.for D.to.TlietourguidehappenedtomeetahugefiercemonsterMysteryIsland.A.inB.on C.at D.by1wasangrymyselfformakingsuchastupidmistake.A.of B.at C.with D.for.Leadersfrom20countriesandorganizationattendedtheHangzhouG20SummitScptemben2016.A.onB.in C.at D.for.NichoIssetearlythismorningforhisfarmhouseinCalifornia.A.withBoffCabout Dup.PleaseconnectthespeakerstheCDplayersothatwecanhearthesongsclearly.A.by B.of C.at D.to.Let\havearestthetimebeing,thenwewillcontinuetodiscusstheplanA.on B.in C.at D.for17.USpresidentDonaldTnimpstartedhisvisittoChinaNovember8,2017.A.with B.in C.on D.of18.Ourheadmasteralwaysencouragestheschoolcookstoservehealthymealsjunkfood.A.under B.ofC.with D.withoutInsteadtellinghimtheanswer,theteacherhelpedhimtoreadthetextagain.A.of B.for C.at D.toLilyspentyearscaringhersickuncle.A.of B.at C.for D.withAgroupofteacherswenttoGuangzhouforanimportantactivityDec.20由.A.in B.on C.to D.atSomeyoungparentsareunawarethedangerofgivingtheirbabiessmartphones.A.with B.for C.in D.of23.Therewere22medicalserviceareastheroutein2017ShanghaiMarathon.A.alongB.with C.through D.across24.SuefsstillveryangrymeforforgettingherbirthdayA)for B)to C.with D)by25.Theworld'ssmallestlizardhasbeendiscoveredasmallCaribbeanisland.A)onB)in C)forD)atrememberthatmycousinPetercametoseeusaverycoldnightlasttime.A)in B)on C)at D)witht,scommonknowledgethatleaveschangefromgreentobrownautumn.A)at B)on C)by D)in.Withanaveragetemperatureof20degrees,springisitswaytoShanghai.A)on B)in C)of D)by.Thestorysoundsquitefamiliarme.andIgotalittlebored.A)off B)for C)to D)with.Tomysurprise,theanswerturnedtobequiterightatlast.A)into B)down C)out D)in.The24thWinterOlympicswillbeheldinBeijingFebruary.2022.A)in B)on C)at D)byapologizedtotheteachernotfinishingtheexercisesintime.A)for B)at C)as D)ofHowmuchtimedoyouspendyourstudyeveryday?A)in B)on C)at D)with.ThemanagerwasangryMorrisbecausehesente-mailstothewrongcustomeragain.A.at B.to C.with D.from.Zhujiajiao.anoldtownwithahistoryofhundredsofyears,liesthewestofShanghai.A.on B.in C.to D.among.ThetraveleraskedsomewaterwhenhepassedGraimyLi'shouse.A.by B.for C.with D.of.WeallknowMother'sDayiscelebratedthesecondSundayofMay.A)in B)to C)on D)at.Thelawpreventsbusinessmenbuyingandsellingivory,toothoftheelephant.A.by B.of C.againstD.from.LastweekendImetaforeignerinthestreetandshowedhimthewayEnglish.A)with B)on C)in D)by.Arightfashionablescarf,necklace,beltetc.canaddvarietysimpleclothes.A)for B)by C)with D)to.Jerrylosthiswayinthefield.thegroundwascoveredwiththicksnow.A.or B.for C.but D.so答案：BBBAABAABABCBBDDCDACBDACABDACCAABCBBCDCDB五、【课后巩固】【习题1】一、填入正确的介词。LThereisamapoftheworldthewall.Thestationismyhome.Ittakesonlyafewminutestogetthere.Thesunrisestheeastandgoesdown.thewest.ShecomesEngland.Who^knockin