2018浙江高考英语试题有详细答案解析

/9绝密★启用前2018年6月普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（ 浙江卷）第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分 35分）第一节（共 10小题；每小题 2.5分，满分 25分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。AIn1812,theyearCharlesDickenswasborn,therewere66novelspublishedinBritain.Peoplehadbeenwritingnovelsforacentury—mostexpertsdatethefirstnoveltoRobinsonCrusoein1719—butnobodywantedtodoitprofessionally.Thesteam-poweredprintingpresswasstillinitsearlystages;theliteracy（识字） rateinEnglandwasunder50%.Manyworksoffictionappearedwithoutthenamesoftheauthors,oftenwithsomethinglike“Byalady.”Novels,forthemostpart,werelookeduponassilly,immoral,orjustplainbad.In1870,whenDickensdied,theworldmournedhimasitsfirstprofessionalwriterandpublisher,famousandbeloved,whohadledanexplosioninboththepublicationofnovelsandtheirreadershipandwhosecharacters—fromOliverTwisttoTinyTim—wereheldupasmoraltouchstones.TodayDickens ’greatnessisunchallengedRemovinghimfromthepantheon（名人堂） ofEnglishliteraturewouldmakeaboutasmuchsenseastheLouvresellingofftheMonaLisa.HowdidDickensgettothetop?Forallthefeelingsreadersattachtostories,literatureisanumbersgame,andthetestoftimeisextremelydifficulttopass.Some60,000novelswerepublishedduringtheVictorianage,from1837to1901;todayacasualreadermightbeabletonameahalf-dozenofthem.It’spatrutlyethatDickens’styleofwritingattractedaudiencesfromallwalksoflife.It lyth’atshipsawrtritingsrodeawaveofsocial,politicalandscientificprogress.Butitalsothatherewrotethecultureofliteratureandputhimselfatthecenter.Noonewilleverknowwhatmixoftalent,ambition,energyandluckmadeDickenssuchasingularwriter.Butasthe200thanniversaryofhisbirthapproaches,itispossible—andimportantforourownculture—tounderstandhowhemadehimselfalastingone.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesBritishnovelsinthe18thcentury?A.Theyweredifficulttounderstand.B.Theywerepopularamongtherich.C.Theywereseenasnearlyworthless.D.Theywerewrittenmostlybywomen.DickensiscomparedwiththeMonaLisainthetexttostress .A.hisreputationinFranceB.hisinterestinmodernartC.hissuccessinpublicationD.hisimportanceinliteratureWhatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthetext?A.Torememberagreatwriter.B.TointroduceanEnglishnovel.C.Toencouragestudiesonculture.D.TopromotevaluesoftheVictorianage.BStevenSteinlikestofollowgarbagetrucks.Hisstrangehabitmakessensewhenyouconsiderthathe'anenvironmentalscientistwhostudieshowtoreducelitter,includingthingsthatfalloffgarbagetrucksastheydrivedowntheroad.WhatisevenmoreinterestingisthatoneofStein'sjobsisdefendinganindustrybehindtheplasticshoppingbags.Americansusemorethan100billionthinfilmplasticbagseveryyear.Somanyendupintreebranchesoralonghighwaysthatagrowingnumberofcitiesdonotallowthematcheckouts（收银台）.Thebagsareprohibitedinsome90citiesinCalifornia,includingLosAngeles.Eyeingtheseheadwinds,plastic-bagmakersarehiringscientistslikeSteintomakethecasethattheirproductsarenotasbadfortheplanetasmostpeopleassume.Amongthebagmakers'argument:manycitieswithbansstillallowshopperstopurchasepaperbags,whichareeasilyrecycledbutrequiremoreenergytoproduceandtransport.Andwhileplasticbagsmaybeuglytolookat,theyrepresentasmallpercentageofallgarbageonthegroundtoday.z.x.xkTheindustryhasalsotakenaimattheproductthathasappearedasitsreplacement:reusableshoppingbags.Thestrongerareusablebagis,thelongeritslifeandthemoreplastic-baguseitcancelsout.However,longer-lastingreusablebagsoftenrequiremoreenergytomake.Onestudyfoundthatacottonbagmustbeusedatleast131timestobebetterfortheplanetthanplastic.Environmentalistsdon'tdispute（质疑） thesepoints.Theyhopepaperbagswillbebannedsomedaytooandwantshopperstousethesamereusablebagsforyears.WhathasStevenSteinbeenhiredtodo?A.Helpincreasegrocerysales.B.Recyclethewastematerial.C.Stopthingsfallingofftrucks.D.Arguefortheuseofplasticbags.Whatdoestheword “headwinds"inparagraph2referto?A.Bansonplasticbags.B.Effectsofcitydevelopment.C.Headachescausedbygarbage.D.Plasticbagshungintrees.Whatisadisadvantageofreusablebagsaccordingtoplastic-bagmakers?A.Theyarequiteexpensive. B.Replacingthemcanbedifficult.C.Theyarelessstrongthanplasticbags.D.Producingthemrequiresmoreenergy.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.Plastic,PaperorNeither B.Industry,PollutionandEnvironmentC.RecycleorThrowAway D.GarbageCollectionandWasteControlCAsculturalsymbolsgo,theAmericancarisquiteyoung.TheModelTFordwasbuiltatthePiquettePlantinMichiganacenturyago,withthefirstrollingofftheassemblyline（装配线） onSeptember27,1908.Onlyelevencarswereproducedthenextmonth.ButeventuallyHenryFordwouldbuildfifteenmillionofthem.ModernAmericawasbornontheroad,behindawheel.ThecarshapedsomeofthemostlastingaspectsofAmericanculture:theroadsidediner,thebillboard,themotel,eventhehamburger.Formostofthelastcentury,thecarrepresentedwhatitmeanttobeAmerican—goingforwardathighspeedtofindnewworlds.Theroadnovel,theroadmovie,thesearethemosttypicalAmericanideas,bornofabundantpetrol,cheapcarsandanever-endinginterstatehighwaysystem,thelargestpublicworksprojectinhistory.In1928HerbertHooverimaginedanAmericawith“achickenineverypotandacarineverygarage.then,thissocietyhasmovedonward,neverlookingback,asthecartransformedAmericafromafarm-basedsocietyintoanindustrialpower.zxx.kThecarsthatdrovetheAmericanDreamhavehelpedtocreateaglobalecologicaldisaster.InAmericathedemandforoilhasgrownby22percentsince1990.Theproblemsofexcessive（过度的） energyconsumption,climatechangeandpopulationgrowthhavebeendescribedinabookbytheAmericanwriterThomasL.Friedman.Hefearstheworst,buthopesforthebest.Friedmanpointsoutthatthegreeneconomy（经济） isachancetokeepAmericanstrength. “Theabilitytodesign,buildandexportgreentechnologiesforproducingcleanwater,cleanairandhealthyandabundantfoodisgoingtobethecurrencyofpowerinthenewcentury. ”Whyishamburgermentionedinparagraph2?A.ToexplainAmericans’lovefortravellingbycar.B.ToshowtheinfluenceofcarsonAmericanculture.C.TostressthepopularityoffastfoodwithAmericans.D.TopraisetheeffectivenessofAmerica ’sroadsystem.WhathastheuseofcarsinAmericaledto?A.Declineofeconomy. B.Environmentalproblems.

C.Ashortageofoilsupply.D.Afarm-basedsociety.C.Ashortageofoilsupply.D.Afarm-basedsociety.WhatisFriedman'sattitudetowardsAmerica'sfuture?A.Ambiguous. B.Doubtful. C.Hopeful. D.Tolerant.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Movingintoanewhomeinanewneighborhoodisanexcitingexperience.Ofcourse,youwanttomakesurethatyoubecomeanacceptableandvaluablepartofyourneighborhood.theeasiestwaytoaccomplishthisistomakesureyouconductyourselfasagoodneighborshould.31Perhapsoneofthemostimportantthingsyoucandoasagoodneighboristokeepyourproperty（房产）neat,clean,andingoodrepair.32__Bychoosingtokeeptheoutsideofthehomeingreatshape,youwillhelptoimprovethelookandfeelofthearea.Second,taketheoverallappearanceoftheneighborhoodseriously,.Whengoingforawalk.Takeasmallgarbagebag..33Thissmallactwillletyourneighborsknowthatyoucareaboutthearea.Ifaneighborisgoingtobeoutoftown,offertocollectmailandnewspapers.Ifaneighborsuffersanillness,offertodothegroceryshopping.Letthemknowyouaretheretohelpinanywaythisacceptable,whilestillrespectingtheprivacyofyourneighbor.Byfollowingthebasicrulesofrespectingothers,takingcareofwhatbelongstoyou,andtakingprideintheappearanceoftheneighborhoodingeneral,youwillquicklybecomeagoodneighborthateveryoneappreciate.A.Ingeneral,keepaneyeontheirpropertywhiletheyaregone.B.Agoodneighborisalsoonewholikestohelpoutinsmallways.Beingagoodneighborismoreorlessaboutconsideratebehavior.Sometimesneighborsmaygotothesupermarkettogethertodoshopping.Shouldyoucomeacrosswastepaperthrownoutofapassingcar,pickitup.Peopletendtolakeprideinkeepingeverythingintheirstreetfreshandinviting.GHereareafewtipstohelpyouwinovereveryoneintheneighborhoodquickly第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。Wehaveallheardhowtimeismorevaluablethanmoney,butisit36tohavetoomuch?I37backinhighschoolIspentmostofmydayatschoolsinceIalso38ateamsport.BythetimeIgothome,Ionlyhadafewhourstodomyhomework,andIhadtodoit39WhenIgotintocollege,things40.Isuddenlyfoundmyselfoutofclassbeforenoontime.Becauseofallthis41therewasnosenseof42todomyschoolworkimmediately.Iwasperformingthisactionofwaitinguntilitlaterbecame 43.Oncethathappened,Ijustkept44mystudyingfurtherandfurtherbackinmyday.ThenIgottothepointwhereIwas45reallylateatnighttogetmyworkalone.OnedayI46aformerclassmateofminewhowas47alotofmoneyrunningasideline（副业）.Sincehisregularjobwas48,Iaskedhimwhyhejustdidn'tdohissidelinefull-time.Hesaidwithoutthejob,hewould49havetoomuchtimeandwouldjustdowhatIdidbackin50.Hesaidthatifhe51thejob,hewouldlosehis52toworkandsucceed.So,try53yourtinewithotherwork.Thisiswhythereisa 54thatifyouwantsomethingdone,aska55persontodoit.36.A.tue B.fairC.strangeD.possible37.A.rememberB.admitC.understandD.expect38.A.watchedB.loved.C.CoachedD.played39.A.allastB.rightawayC.ofcourseD.mattered40.A.happendB.repeatedC,changedD.mattered41.A.extraB.difficult.C.valuableD.limited42.A.dutyB.achievementC.urgencyD.direction43.A.burdenB.reliefC.riskD.habit44.A.pushingB.takingC.settingD.calling45.A.hangingoutB.stayingupC.joggingroundD.showingoff46.A.metB.helpedC.treatedD.hired47.A.raisingB.wastingC.demandingD.making48.A.safeB.importantC.boringD.rewarding49.A.luckilyB.hardlyC.hopefullyD.simply50.A.childhoodB.collegeC.townD.business51.A.quitB.foundC.acceptedD.kept52.A.heartB.chanceC.driveD.way53.A.savingB.fillingupC.givingupD.trading54.A.messageB.storyC.sayingD.fact55.A.carefulB.busyC.reliableD.kind第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分45分）第二节(共10小题：每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容( 1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。FewpeopleIknowseemtohavemuchdesireortimetocook.MakingChinese56(dish)isseenasespeciallytroublesome.Manywesterners57cometoChinacookmuchlessthanintheirowncountriesoncetheyrealizehowcheap58canbetoeatout.Istillremember59(visit)afriendwho'dlivedhereforfiveyearsandI60(shock)whenIlearntshehadn 'tcookedonceinallthattime.Whileregularlyeatingoutseemsto61(become)commonformanyyoungpeopleinrecentyears,itwithoutacost.Theobviousoneismoney;eatingoutonceortwiceaweekmaybe62(afford)butdoingthismostdaysaddsup.Therecouldbeaneven63(high)costonyourhealth.Researchershavefoundthatthereisadirectlinkbetweentheincreaseinfoodeatenoutsidethehomeandtherisein64(weigh)problems.Ifyouarenotgoingtosufferthisproblem,thenIsuggestthatthenexttimeyougotoyourmumshome65dinner,getafewcookingtipsfromher.Cookingfoodcanbefun.Youmightalsobegintonoticetheeffectsnotonlyonyourhealthbutinyourpocket.英语试题参考答案第二部分阅读理解21.C22.D23.A24.D25.A26.D27.A28.B29.B30.C31.G32.F33.E34.B35.C第三部分语百运用36.D37.A38.D39.B40.C41.A42.C43.D44.A45.B46.A47.D48.C49.D50.B51.A52.C53.B54.C55.B56.dishes57.who/that58.it59.visiting60.wasshocked61.havebecome62.affordable63.higher64.weight65.for第四部分写作［W］作者通过亲身经历告懒们：跷有太岁时间就会拖键做事情上屈忌且反而辑安排时间把事慵醐f.【小盟口考查形容同X廿明真实的；已治34的;C.stn^fiHSsg;D.西站川阿H纳.旬老：我们都骑晓工时间比金钱更胃价俺h但是握有助时可太到可能会杷事情读好屿T".可由冠T।表示作者的疑问，故选E【小建2］等超加L儿rememberiE^;队adm4承认;二5加E始nd理解；D,白xpwtSS堡.此处有武酣遍离中时自己的生;舌.表示"回t混受FommMrbjck,SUSA.【小翦打寿苴动阖.A.watched^:巳Eg®映爰；Uva由E认喏；D.playedtit,此处播自从我善行国怵体育般许后琴数时间在学校，砺厘即方port,SEiSD.【小整4】奢奇闻金虎诸.AstI招*量后IB.rightm号立刻，马上；匚3858当然：D.中前tfrfE因为在校时闾承.在豕熟蚱业的时间就少了,隔以在京时必绩马上骂柞亚.下文网由whcoi楝*m2会创盘了提示।物都.［小斐引学方前耳khappemd发生:B-wpeatn重国；C.dinged双；De羽要蒙，大学生活和鬲中生活不一样，所以说发生了到L侬常识欧.【小规61安更形容闻AE修物卜钝；8曲怖alt困堆的;C-6的|侨僖的；DJEted有幅的.此处版大学里苒忤至般外的封间，故跃M理7】等堡8祖Aautyflts;&aditevemenusst；CwgcyM；D.directi力访向.大手里投有马上做作业的蠢但■,身高中时抓累时后圈作业形成对比，故选二【小朝西］考查韦词*4Bum即负担；B,由讴锹带Ke让冒检；D.h#吟习僚,田于不惑昔写作亚，雨以后来就形成了噂的习情.苏瓯M触］号式动i武A.pushing推;B.Ukin^*;Cseiingfiffl:0.callingRH^与上珞脚说ing呼应,播制S网的那场，觉就不断地把学习法后椎,越推趋限.做章说也日知智至「故选儿【小整10】•量就说短况A.hanging口ut屋出就去臭处；&.staying叩|雁；C.joggingguntfft向：D.showing。阀也琅掂lateatmgl可也是数或.此处指作业等到最居版完成，故选B.［W11］考生动况A-e林通见；B.helpedffifitj；匚【口忙他疗；D,hired屉用.此处搞遏副了以前的同学.琅据句套强应［d412］”动起A.raising^;B.wasting烟I；Cdtm丽din第。；D.e目kin弱油.此处推转近副助净了"钱「棒钱宝mjkemoneyLSKizED.【小题13】号声免注况A.$#恒安全的；B.importan端呼的：C.boring无SI的：D^ding有曲的.因为他的鬻视工作是无聊的,所以作4m议修杷副曲作为郅江作.故瓯.【小意科】雪堇HT瓯A.luckilyMl®;6.2对W1于不；C，帕网川踪有希望地：D.S.mply®.«®.朋友睨如果J至哲庖个工作，很通单他就会有太多无聊的时间.根际句意可知选d【＜1心1打善堂百讯A.廿iMhood®m网；良闻幽映学；C.tawnttffi;0*businw就跑1L他就会像魏大学时一^3««的时他而不忙W,与上次内容呼应.故遥氏【小奥孺）老堂动词.A.qud放弃;B.fosd瞪现；C.aoceptRi演受; 必履小保持.如果他血弃工作r就一去工作和成功的动力.与作者的建设呼应.故选A.［d«7］誓苜需堀Ah»n^K；&皿陵的会；C.driv邈动力；D.方法.期崩如皋碰芹工柞r就失去了摘SrM失去工作和成功的动力.砺•动力「故选匚【小题猪】苦更动闻凡养明叫行药;e.filficgup^w；Cgivingup放弃；口仃间叫交易.句后；试着用其佗工作获葡就）时间，使自己修案.故送&【小题19】考至名词.A.Eg5dge消息；B.storyST^；C.vy，ng谢诏；口由博喝会.此处播/youwantwirieihingd”色a5Ka55person：odo巾这句蜀书,故选C,【小3。】卷国L至电A,卬班d小谢；&.bu5Ht霹的；J电able可靠的；0And善良肛此姐爵如果牙想做某，，请忙痕的人可卷.忙程的人会抓嘉时间完成,不忙的人只会拖延时间.裁选瓦

【解析］本文母子thHrfesDignsM辰20Q同年前夕.介妈Did*m在美国小通方面的重要责献和薄远膨晌.【小迪1］附F3理解典*串据舞段对当时M：兄的『3?零『iQLodpwjntvdtoduil卬。餐33MMi恨Th*4U”i-pv*Et<Jpf””ingn上"stillmiuearty51dq的tneiHersey（if?手）ratem匕nq0cd jricier5U*,MjnyworksottictK?n3。口grzwithoutthenameip：theauthors.Novell.forthemostpArtwerelookeduponasiilly.immCsral.orjustplainbad.印书摊末羯后r人・门旧亨薛低,柞品上ffi看作,小凝诚认为aig期r3不正常分，・无价际E.suae.[d'ffJl撞理典」断案“*R£M_W3cKemyr8tnc55唐86的帽旧国承例举的5"c$Oiaensdx说妁戛弟可知.DwtS比星为了的明CgHwDickens-；小爱方画的聋塞■法和比星为了的明CgHwDickens-；小爱方画的聋塞■法和MtJgLi3在给苞方面的重鬟性黑一样的,SSUSD.【小超川与作震冏・*眼揖文中对Cl#aDkfctruM作用际国小说史上■■性的海号.知交**后&3asthe200thMmh*™7othi$bmh0。口00由电$一位居possible-andimportanttarourownculTure-tourraer^tandhowhemadehrmsenaladingone口」知本立里写于Ch*d依口i&EF逐层200飞帏柄分r司此可知作者弓本文也为了阻管过植帏大的作疗.故法工【点睛】推理到新题妾学在理那泰商文字的理忖上,做出判断和拴曲，从E用到立■的也含如0&和乐后的重理.也效是以时女事中的文字僖«,±卜3隹4察出本我的授履在化痔巳用的伍愚r褥甑出染缶/百直减源达的态盘尚地点.•理1如新器的老法;1.推出*:西崎邛屿工，卜赵I矍木则断［国小M」啊.warnedtoaottprcf«?'ossify.The- am-poweredprintingpr«4wa^弓泞Imit5ca^tyvng-：士付总lit5atyrat^inEnr；：andwas,untf&r50%.Nove,sw«q附looked1uponasjiiiy.immoralorjstp㈤nbad.可K）均射宓期Bt术招■后r人f门正亨■舂俊，小潴元认为犀署口的不正翠的,M汨前便可否W橙彩作者与作目的35总30*小超三利梦本也可作旧的,用窗々中为Chwla口小"四鼻作品£英B小谶史上重要性的1通.和£>9J^8uta&the2Q0thanniv^rq邙©f力回binhapproachm.nnpossib：e—andimportaniTorourownculture—toundersundhowheEaghiEolUlaangnn。可知本京是写于CEds 宸？00商午前夕.由此雁新作青耳穿H是力了侬这位佳士的f田.旧~】。员-*"*若»£的怔用情」望乙二二r.引不：.目匚¥1管旺产品1回广仁守门二二：：口…⑺逝中维里3片者使用耐用可■翼便用的褰子.「J革1】驿前理解葫*限靠篥一段emuofStein'sjobsgdefendinganindustrybehind（hepiastre曲。即ngbagw和第二增与tic-iwgmakersarehiringicentistsikeStein\qmakethecasethattheirproducesarenotasbadfor^hepJanet*rnoitpeopledssume.qJK15J糅口.:•三三产麻雇用工国驼口打事。睾为了证明他们的产品舞不很大多1乙<想.象的月解时地球再喜.基对望和若嫌二二溜糅口.:•三【小・2】词义薄骞*.上文介蛆在许第美国大城市设码袋被禁用--到这种现状，型鸣裳生产商・用讨55幅小用收是为了证期他们的产品并不能大多数人想量的丹琳忖地球有害.造.逆风一，此5Hg塑料裳嫉禁用的现状.SP&ansonptastk值算.故选［小肇3］迪节理解塞一间EK四段However.Fongcr-lastingrcusablfbagsoftenrequiremoreenergy（oma3,可也生产同认为生产掘用自能重型使用的银子租更多篦里量,故选以[4«]标■色&文章游述了使用蚓装造成的环里河委，蚯莪容易回收，可重渡使用的袋子.对这三种方式进行了对比,