初中英语名词专项讲解

初中英语名词专项讲解初中英语名词专项讲解初中英语名词专项讲解资料仅供参考文件编号：2022年4月初中英语名词专项讲解版本号：A修改号：1页次：1.0审核：批准:发布日期：名词一导入：有一天，一只老钟对一只小钟说：“你一年里要摆525600下啦。”

小钟吓坏了，说“哇，这么多，这怎么可能！

我怎么能完成那么多下呢！”

这时候，另一只老钟笑着说：“不用怕，你只需一秒钟摆一下，每一秒坚持下来就可以了。”

小钟高兴了，想着：一秒钟摆一下好像并不难啊，试试看吧。果然，很轻松地就摆了一下。

不知不觉一年过去了，小钟已经摆了525600下！

很简单的故事，却寓意着深刻的道理，当我们面对大困难的时候，往往望而怯步，孰不知只要根据实际，分期制定小目标，一一完成就行了。二专题讲解：掌握要点：名词的分类（专有名词和普通名词）名词的数1）区分可数名词和不可数名词，区分方法2）可数名词的复数变化，分为规则变化及不规则变化名词所有格含义、构成两种形式：’s所有格及of所有格知识点：一、名词的分类1.专有名词：名字(人名、地名、书名、机构名)、与国家有关的(国家、国民、语言)、日期（节日、星期、月份）例句：MynameisLucy.IamaChinese.IwillgototheGreatWallonMonday.2.普通名词:包括可数名词和不可数名词个体名词表示个体的人或事物例:sister、table、bike、window可数名词集体名词表示一群人或一些事物例:family、police、class、group物质名词表示构成物体的物质或材料例:water、air、wood不可数名词抽象名词表示状态、品质、行为、感情等例:danger、interest区分方法：将物体分成两半，如果每半不能叫原名，则为可数名词，如果还可叫原名，则为不可数名词。注：有些单词意义发生变化，单复数也发生变化，例：glass作玻璃杯时可数，作玻璃时不可数。身兼二职的名词对照表glassfishchickentime可数玻璃杯鱼类小鸡次、倍不可数玻璃鱼肉鸡肉时间orangelightpaperhair可数橘子电灯报纸/试卷（几根）头发不可数橘汁光纸头发exerciseidealifework可数练习题主意/意见生命著作不可数锻炼了解生活工作turkeyradioyouthexperience可数火鸡收音机青年人经历不可数火鸡肉无线电年轻、青春经验interestroom可数爱好房间不可数兴趣空间【注意】family,class等词作为一个整体时视为单数，强调其家庭/族成员或班级成员时视为复数；部分有生命的集体名词本身就是复数的概念：police指警察、警官的总称，本身表示复数。Thepolice(主语)+谓语动词复数people指人们、人民，本身表示复数。(The)…people+谓语动词复数people指民族，有单、复数变化e.g.fifty-sixpeoples五十六个民族二、名词的单复数形式(1)规则变化：名词的复数构成，通常是在单数形式后面加-s或-es一般情况在词尾直接加s,例bags。以s、x、sh、ch结尾的词加-es，例bus-busesbox-boxes。以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词，y变成i加-es例city-cities；以“元音字母+y”结尾的词，直接加s。4、以o结尾的除potato(马铃薯)、tomato(西红柿)、hero(英雄)加es，其余直接加s。5、以f或fe结尾的词，多数变f或fe为v加es,roof、proof直接加-s，例life-liveswife-wivesroof–roofs。(2)不规则变化1、单词拼写发生变化man-menwoman-womenpoliceman-policemenfoot-feettooth-teethmouse-micechild-children2、某国人变复数，口诀：中日不变英法变，其余s加后面例：anEnglishman-EnglishmenanAmerican-Americans3、单复数形式相同常用分以下几类：表示动物的名词deer鹿，fish鱼，sheep绵羊，bison野牛，crab螃蟹表示人的名词Chinese中国人，Japanese日本人，Swiss瑞士人，kin亲属craft及由-craft构成的名词craft飞机，aircraft飞机，spacecraft太空船表示数量的名词Hundred百，thousand千，million百万，dozen一打，score二十其他series系列；species种类；means方法(3)不可数名词一般只用单数，它不能与a/an及数次搭配使用。表示数量时用量词搭配。例：acupofcoffee(一杯咖啡)twoglassesofmilk(两杯牛奶)threepiecesofpaper(三张纸)fourbottlesofwater(四杯水)三、名词所有格含义：名词所有格表示名词之间的所有关系。表示形式：一种是’s所有格，一种是of所有格BeijingisChina’scapital.=BeijingisthecaptitalofChina.ThisisTom’sbike=ThisisthebikeofTom.Lilyisthekey’sowner.=Lilyistheownerofthekey.’s所有格构成单数名词及不以s结尾的复数名词，只需在词尾加’s，如Lucy’spen路西的钢笔Children’sDay（儿童节）；以s结尾的复数名词，只加’,如thestudents’books学生们的书。2、几个人共有的东西，只需在最后一个人的名词后加’s,如LucyandLily’sbedroom(露西和莉莉的卧室)。表示各自所有，则每个名词都加’s,如Lucy’sandLily’sdesks(露西的桌子和莉莉的桌子)。3.of所有格：1).of用来表示无生命的名词所有格。themapofChinathedooroftheroom2).双重所有格：of+名词所有格of+名词性的物住代词Heisafriendofmy_________(brother).Issheadaughterof__________(you)典型例题讲解1.Theygotmuch_____fromthosenewbooks.A.ideasB.photosC.newsD.stories2.Ihavetwo_______andthreebottlesof_________here.A.orange,orangeB.oranges,orangesC.oranges,orangeD.orange,oranges3.EveryeveningMr.Kingtakesa_________tohishome.A.25minutes’walkB.25minute’swalkC.25minutewalkD.25minuteswalk4.Anold_______wantstoseeyou.A.peopleB.personC.thepeopleD.theperson5.Helpyourselfto__________.A.chickensandapplesB.chickensandappleC.chickenandappleD.chickenandapples6.Oh,dear.Iforgotthetwo_________.A.room’snumberB.rooms’numberC.roomnumbersD.rooms’numbers7.ShehasbeeninTianjinfortenyears.Tianjinhasbecomehersecond_________.A.familyB.houseC.homeD.room8.________motherscouldn’tgotothemeeting,becausetheyhavegonetoShanghai.A.MaryandPeter’sB.MaryandPeterC.Mary’sandPeterD.Mary’sandPeter’s9.LiLeihasbeento__________manytimesthismonth.A.heruncleB.heruncle’sC.herunclesD.aunt’s10.Heisasuccessasaleaderbuthehasn’t________inteaching.A.manyexperiencesB.muchexperienceC.anexperienceD.alotexperience11.Aclassmateof_________washeretenminutesago.A.youB.yourC.yoursisterD.yoursister’s12.Agroupof_________aretalkingwithtwo___________.A.Frenchmen,GermansB.Germans,FrenchmansC.Frenchmans,GermenD.Germen,Frenchmen13.Theteam________havingameeting.A.isB.areC.amD.be14.“Wouldyoulike_________”“________,please.”A.drink,ThreecoffeesB.acupofdrink,CoffeesC.adrink,AcoffeeD.adrink,Threecupsofcoffees15.TheGreatWallwasmadenotonlyby_______,butalsothefleshandbloodof________men.A.earthandstone,millionsofB.earthsandstones,millionsC.theearthandstone,millionofD.theearthsandstones,millions三巩固训练：1.Thisis___reading-room.A.theteacher’sB.teacher’sC.teacher’sD.theteachers’2.Nothingwasfoundbut___broken.A.theroomwindowB.theroom’swindowC.theroomofthewindowD.thewindowofroom3.Howmany___wouldyoulikeA.paperB.breadC.piecesofpapersD.piecesofbread4.Hewaspraisedforhis___.A.braveB.braveryC.bravelyD.greatbrave5.Pleasegetmeanew___whenyougototown.A.clothesB.dressC.clothingD.trousers6.Thereare34___doctorsinthehospital.A.womanB.womenC.woman’sD.women’s7.Some___areeventhinnerthanyourlittlefinger.A.bambooB.bamboosC.kindsofbambooD.kindsofbamboos8.Hewasborninthistownandnowhelivesin___.A.BuildingsecondB.BuildingTwoC.theBuildingTwoD.BuildingtheSecond9.Oldasheis,hehas___todoeveryday.A.alotofworkB.muchworksC.lotsofhomeworksD.quitealotofhomeworks10.Jack’sroomisfurnishedwith___.A.newfurnituresB.manynewfurnituresC.manynewpiecesoffurnituresD.manynewpiecesoffurniture11.Haveyouread___newspaperyet?A.today’sB.Today’sC.thetoday’sD.yourtoday’s12.It’snotfar,only___walkfromheretoourschool.A.atenminutesB.tenminutesC.atenminutes’D.tenminutes’13.Lastmonth,hewroteme___letter.A.a1000-wordB.1000wordsC.a1000-wordsD.1000words’14.Hehada___sleepyesterday.A.agoodnightB.agood-nightC.agoodnight’sD.good-night’s15.___isnotalongwaytodrive.A.ThreemilesdistanceB.Three-miledistanceC.Threemiles’distanceD.Athree-mile-distance16.Hisisn’tfitforthework.Pleasegetme___.A.somethingelseB.somebodyelseC.someoneelse’sD.somebody’selse17.Doyouknowhowlarge___is?A.populationofChinaB.ChinesepopulationC.ChinapopulationD.China’spopulation18.___istoomuchfortheboytocarry.A.TheboxweightB.Thebox’sweightC.TheweightoftheboxD.Theboxoftheweight19.Excuseme,howcanIgettothenearest___shop?A.shoesB.shoeC.shoes’D.shoe’s20.What___weatherwe’rehavingthesedays!A.niceB.aniceC.abadD.worse21.Theysaythatthemeetingwillbe___.A.ofveryimportantB.greatimportanceC.ofgreatimportanceD.greatimportant22.I’mgoingtocallat___thisevening.A.MrBlackB.theBlacksC.MrBlack’sD.Blacks’23.WhatDarwinsaidwasanattackonpeople’sreligious___.A.beliefB.beliefsC.beliefsD.believs24.Therearesome___waitingforyououtside.A.GermanB.AmericanC.grown-upD.Japanese25.Theirfactoryhasdevelopedakindof___tohelppeoplewalk.A.machineB.machinesC.amachineD.themachine26.There’remany___inmybrother’salbum.A.leafsB.toysC.booksD.stamps27.YesterdayIwenttothesupermarketandboughtalotof___.A.tomatoesB.potatosC.vegetableD.meats28.UponhearingwhatIsaid,his___rose.A.angerB.angryC.angrilyD.angriness29.Excuseme,canyouchangethis___forme?A.five-poundnoteB.fivepoundsnoteC.five-poundnotesD.fivepoundsnotes30.Youhavetomake___foryourjourneyA.preparingB.preparationC.apreparationD.preparations四课堂过手训练：1.Wehaven'tgotmuchforourpicnic.Willyougoandgetsome

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AappleBtomatoCbreadDbiscuit2.I’veread_____sportsnewsabouttheFlracetoday.(05)AtwoBpiecesCtwopieceDtwopiecesof3.Linda,I'veboughtmany.Nowlet'smakethebirthdaycake.（03）A.fresheggsB.chocolatemilkC.frozenfoodDricedumplings4.Youcangetmuch____________ abouttheWor