英语六级经典长难句分析

英语六级经典长难句分析英语六级经典长难句分析英语六级经典长难句分析xxx公司英语六级经典长难句分析文件编号：文件日期：修订次数：第1.0次更改批准审核制定方案设计，管理制度英语六级经典长难句分析（15句）1.Thisisadifficultandunpleasantbusinessandfewanimalswouldsurviveiftheyhadtostartfromthebeginningandlearnabouttheworldwhollybytrialanderror,fortherearethehavepossibledecisionswhichwouldprovefatal.(1992.阅读.6.Text2)【译文】这是个困难而又糟糕的事，因为如果动物出生后不得不从头学习生存本领，并且仅仅依靠尝试错误体验世界，那么只有极少数动物能够存活，因为它们做出的决定有可能是致命的。【析句】复合句。主句由and连接两个并列句子组成，Thisisadifficultandunpleasantbusinessandfewanimalswouldsurvive,and前的句子是简单句，and后的句子后又跟有if引导的条件状语从句和for引导的原因状语从句fortherearedecisions,decisions又有which引导的定语从句修饰。2.Vigorouscriticismisconstructiveinsciencemorethaninsomeotherareasofhumanendeavorbecauseinitthereareadequatestandardsofvaliditywhichcanbeagreeduponbycompetentscientiststheworldover.(1992.阅读.6.Text3)【译文】激烈的批评在科学界比在其他人类智慧领域更能起到建设性的作用，这是因为在科学世界里有足够多的有效标准，这些标准被全世界的优秀科学家们共同认可。【析句】复合句。主句Vigorouscriticismisconstructiveinsciencemorethaninsomeotherareasofhumanendeavor,句中主要包含了比较级，具体是介词短语的比较级。主句后是原因状语从句becausethereareadequatestandardsofvalidity,定语从句whichcanbeagreeduponby...修饰standardsofvalidity。3.He’sahistorianofscienceatMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologywhohasdiscoveredsomethingelsethesetwomen-and,indeed,mostofthemajorpioneersinscienceoverthelast400years-haveincommon:theywere,likeSullowayhimself,precededinbirthbyatleastoneotherbrotherorsister.(1992.阅读.6.Text4)【译文】他是麻省理工学院的一名科学历史学家，他发现了这两位科学家——实际上也是过去400年里多数科学界领军人物的共同点：那些人和Sulloway自己一样都至少由一个哥哥或姐姐。【析句】复合句。主句He'sahistorianofscienceatMIT，后面是定语从句whohasdiscoveredsomethingelse,thesetwomen-...-haveincommon是省略了关系代词that的定语从句修饰somethingelse,破折号内的内容andmostofthemajorpioneers...作插入语。最后，引号后的句子是somethingelse的具体内容。4.Thereareseveralstepsthatcanbetaken,ofwhichthechiefoneistodemandofalltheorganizationsthatexistwiththedeclaredobjectivesofsafeguardingtheinterestsofanimalsthattheyshoulddeclareclearlywheretheystandonviolencetowardspeople.(1993.阅读.6.Text1)【译文】可以采取若干措施，其中最主要的是要求所有宣称保护动物权益的组织明确表明他们在暴力袭击事件中所持的立场。【析句】本例句中包含多个层层相扣的从句。主句很简单，Thereareseveralsteps,steps后紧跟有定语从句thatcanbetaken,ofwhich相当于ofseveralsteps,引导非限制性定语从句修饰severalsteps。而ofwhichthechiefoneistodemandofalltheorganizations...that...中，包含短语demandofsbthat...,todemandof为不定式作表语，alltheorganizations作demandof的间接宾语，并且后面有thatexistwiththedeclared...animals作定语从句修饰，demand的直接宾语是that宾语从句thattheyshoulddeclarewheretheystandon...,where引导declare的宾语从句。5.Thus,forthoseindividualswhoareinterestedinpreservingboththequalityandquantityoflife,personalhealthchoicesshouldreflectthosebehaviorsthatareassociatedwithastatisticalprobabilityofincreasedvitalityandlongevity.(1993.阅读.6.Text4)【译文】因此，对于那些有心保持生活数量和质量的人来说，个人的健康选择应该能够反映那些从数据上显示可能使人提高活力、延长寿命的行为。【析句】复合句。句首，forthoseindividuals后有定语从句whoareinterestedinpreserving...life修饰thoseindividuals,句中是主句personalhealthchoicesshouldreflectthosebehaviors,而behaviors后也有that引导的定语从句修饰。主句前后都有从句修饰，句子结构是对成的。6.Aresearchpaper,assignedinacourseandperhapscheckedatvariousstagesbyaninstructor,leadsyoubeyondclassroom,beyondthetextsforclassesandintoaprocesswherethejoyofdiscoveryandlearningcancometoyoumanytimes.(1994.阅读.1.Text3)【译文】导师在某门课程上布置研究论文，并在不同阶段进行检查，这能够使你的学习超越课堂，超越课本，进入到一个你能多次体会学习和发现的乐趣的过程。【析句】复合句。主句是Aresearchpaperleadsyoubeyond...,beyond...andintoaprocess。谓语动词leads后有多个并列的介词短语。而assignedinacourseandcheckedat...instructor是过去分词作定语修饰aresearchpaper,同时也是插入语。最后，在aprocess后有where引导的定语从句修饰。7.Inourculture,thesourcesofwhatwecallasenseof“mastery”—feelingimportantandworth-while-andthesourcesofwhatwecallasense“pleasure”-findinglifeenjoyable-arenotalwaysidentical.(1994.阅读.1.Text4)【译文】在我们的文化中，我们常说的“控制感”——感觉自己很重要有价值，与“快乐感”——发现生活的乐趣，它们的来源是不尽相同的。【析句】例句1句子看起来很长，但结构并不复杂。句子主干是thesourcesof...andthesourcesof...arenotalwaysidentical,有两个并列的主语thesourcesof,而两个of后各有一个what引导的宾语从句whatwecallasenseof...。同时，主语后各有一个现在分词伴随状语，位于破折号后。8.Ironically,thosethingsthatkeepusfromknowinganotherpersontoowell(e.g.,secretsanddeceptions)maybejustasimportanttothedevelopmentofsatisfyingrelationshipasthosethingsthatenableustoobtainaccurateknowledgeaboutaperson(e.g.,disclosureandtruthfulstatements).(1995.阅读1.1.Text1)【译文】让人感到讽刺的是，那些阻碍我们了解别人的东西(比如秘密和欺骗)对于培养令人满意的友谊，或许与那些使我们准确了解别人的东西(比如坦白和真话)同样重要。【析句】复合句。主句是thosethingsmaybejustasimportantto...asthosethings，包含了as...tosb/sthas...比较级结构。主语thosethings后有定语从句thatkeepusfromknowinganotherpersontoowell,而介词宾语thosethings后也有that引导的定语从句修饰，这样就使得整个句子的结构前后对称，工整顺口。9.Interestingly,though,theriseoftheunattractiveovernightsuccesseswasattributedmoretopersonalrelationshipsandlesstoabilitythanwasthatofattractiveovernightsuccesses.(1995.阅读.6.Text2)【译文】但是，有趣的是，比起长相漂亮的人，长相不美者的迅速成功更容易归功于个人关系助力，而非能力卓越。【析句】这也是个比较句。比较结构是theriseoftheunattractiveovernightsuccesseswasattributedmoreto...andlessto...thanwasthatof...,比较的对象是theriseoftheunattractiveovernightsuccess与wasthatofattractiveovernightsuccess,其中that指代therise。而比较的形式是动词词组attributeto的比较级，且由and连接两个并列的比较级。10.Intermsofourcapacitytosampletherelevantuniverses,however,andtheprobabilitythatourimagesoftheseuniversesareatleastapproximatelycorrect,onesuspectsthatareverseorderismorereasonable.(1995.阅读.1.Text3)【译文】然而，从我们在这几个领域抽取样本的能力来看，加上我们对这些领域的印象至少大体上是正确的，因此可以假设采用相反的顺序更加合理。【析句】主句是onesuspects+that宾语从句，intermsof是介词短语，ourcapacitytosample...andtheprobability...是intermsofd的并列的宾语。capacity后tosampletherelevantuniverses为不定式作宾语，而theprobability后thatourimagesoftheseuniversesare...correct是定语从句。注意，universes这里是“领域”的意思。11.Eventhefolkknowledgeinsocialsystemsonwhichordinarylifeisbasedinearning,spending,organizing,marrying,takingpartinpoliticalactivities,fightingandsoon,isnotverydissimilarfromthemoresophisticatedimagesofthesocialsystemderivedfromthesocialsciences,eventhoughitisbuiltupontheveryimperfectsamplesofpersonalexperience.(1995.阅读.1.Text3)【译文】即使是社会体系中作为收入、消费、组织活动、结婚、参加政治活动、战斗等日常行为的基础的民俗知识，也与从社会科学中产生的更加复杂精密的社会系统图像非常相似，即使这种社会系统的基础是有缺陷的个人经历。【析句】复合句，主句为Eventhefolkknowledgeinsocialsystemsisnotverydissimilarfromthemoresophisticatedimagesofthesocialsystem...,even在主句中作副词，主句主语thefolkknowledgeinsocialsystems后有which引导定语从句，先行词作on的宾语，因此定义出句中把on放在which的前面。最后，主句后是eventhough引导的让步状语从句。12.Ourimageoftheastronomicaluniverseistheleastsecureofallsimplybecauseweobservesuchafantasticallysmallsampleofitanditsrecord-keepingistrivialascomparedwiththerichrecordsofthesocialsystems,oreventhelimitedrecordsofbiologicalsystems.(1995.阅读.1.Text3)【译文】我们对于天文领域的印象是三种领域中最不稳定的，这只是因为我们仅仅看到了很少却美妙的案例，与社会体系丰富的记录，甚至和生活体系有限的记录相比，天文领域中保持的记录实在是微不足道。【析句】主句Ourimageoftheastronomicaluniverseistheleastsecureofall,because引导原因状语从句。从句中包含两个并列的句子，分别是weobservesuchafantasticallysmallsampleofit,和itsrecord-keepingistrivialascomparedwith...,其中包含了词组ascomparedwith,意思是“与...相比”。13.Conflict,definedasoppositionamongsocialentitiesdirectedagainstoneanotherisdistinguishedfromcompetition,definedasoppositionamongsocialentitiesindependentlystrivingforsomethingwhichisininadequatesupply.(1996.阅读.1.Text2)【译文】冲突的定义是社会实体与另一实体间的对抗，而竞争的定义是不同社会实体间独立争夺供应不足的资源而发生的对抗。这两者的性质是截然不同。【析句】主句是Conflictisdistinguishedfromcompetition,主语conflict后，definedasoppostionamongsocialentitiesdirectedagainstoneanother为过去分词作定语，相当于whichisdefinedas...。同样，介词宾语competition后也有相同的结构，使得句子前后对称。而后一句中，socialentities后又有strivingforsomething现在分词作定语修饰socialentities,而something后是which引导的定语从句。14.Whileitistruethatthiscompetitionmayinduceeffortstoexpandterritoryattheexpenseofothers,andthusleadtoconflict,itcannotbesaidthatwar-likeconflictamo