小升初英语语法-冠词

小升初英语语法-冠词小升初英语语法-冠词小升初英语语法-冠词资料仅供参考文件编号：2022年4月小升初英语语法-冠词版本号：A修改号：1页次：1.0审核：批准:发布日期：二、冠词冠词有不定冠词(a,an)和定冠词(the)两种,常放在名词的前面,用来限定名词的意义,起泛指或特指的作用。(一)不定冠词的用法：不定冠词a/an用在单数名词的前面，a用在辅音开头的词前面，an用在元音开头的词的前面。1)用于可数名词的单数形式前，指人或事物的某一种类，以区别于其他种类，例如：Aelephantismuchstrongerthanaman.(大象比人强壮多了。)(不能译为：一头大象比一个人强壮。)Sheisagirl.Passmeanapple,please.2)指某人或某物,但不具体说明何人或何物（非特指），例如：AboyiswaitingforyouWeworksixdaysaweek.Thereisadoglyingontheground.3)表示“一”这个数量,但数的概念没有one强烈，例如:WearegoingtohaveanEnglishlessontomorrow.Ihaveamouth,anose,twoeyesandtwoears.4)用于某些固定的词组中.例如:abit(一点),alittle(一点),afew(几个),alot(许多),akindof(一种),apairof(一副、一双),anumberof(大量的),apieceof(一张、一片),halfanhour(半小时),haveagoodtime(玩得开心),haveacold(感冒),makeanoise(发出嘈杂声),have/takea(rest等)(休息)一会儿,等等。5)用于quitea(an),manya(an),halfa(an),whata(an),sucha(an)manya/an+单数名词=many+复数名词

manyastudent=manystudents"许多学生",但是"manya/an+单数名词"作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式.【注】:用a还是an,要看后面的词读音以辅音开头还是以元音开头.特别注意“数字”和“字母”，如：数字8—eight，18—eighteen，80---eighty（包括80多、800多），11---eleven字母a,e,f,h,i,l,m,n,o,r,s,xAa[ei],Ee[i:],Ff[ef],Hh[eit∫],Ii[ai],Ll[el],Mm[em],Nn[en],Oo[əu],Rr[ɑ:],Ss[es],Xx[eks]Bb[bi:],Cc[si:],Dd[di:],Gg[dʒi:],Jj[dʒei]K,k[kei],Pp[pi:],Qq[kju:],Tt[ti:],Uu[ju:],Vv[vi:],Ww[′dʌblju:],Yy[wai],Zz[zi:][zed]特别需要注意的词：English，idea，orange，umbrella，old，art……hour，……university，useful，uniform，……(二)定冠词的用法：定冠词the用在可数名词的单数或复数或不可数的名词前面。1)特指某(些)人或某(些)物，例如：thephotooftheboyThemanwithaflowerinhishandisJack..(手上拿着一朵花的男人是杰克)2)指双方都知道的人或物.例如:--Wherearethenewbooks,Jim?--Theyareonthesmalltable.Lookattheblackboard,Lily.(莉莉,请看黑板。)3)指上文提过的人或物，例如：Todayheismakingamachine.Hewantstoridethemachinelikeabikeandflyitlikeaplane.Thereisamanunderthetree.ThemaniscalledRobert.(树下有个人,那个人叫罗伯特。)4)用在世界上独一无二的事物前,例如：Thesunisbiggerthanthemoon.Theearthturnsaroundthesun.(地球绕太阳旋转。)5)用在序数词或形容词最高级前.例如：【注意】：副词最高级前不加，序数词前有形物代时不加Thefirsttruckiscarryingafewbaskets.Thethirdoneiscarryingthefewestofall.Whoisthefirstonetogo?(谁第一个去？)Ofallthestars,thesunisthenearesttotheearth.(在所有的恒星之中太阳离地球最近)6)用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前,例如:theGreatWalltheSpringFestivaltheUnitedStatesofAmerica7)用在江河、海洋、山脉等名称的前面。例如：IhaveneverbeentotheHimalayaMountains.(我从来没有去过喜马拉雅山)8)用在乐器前面（西洋乐器），例如：playtheviolin,playtheguitar,playthepiano9)用与形容词和分词前表示一类人，表复数（加复数谓语），例如：theold,theyoung,thepoor,therich10)表示“一家人”，谓语的单复数用法与family类似，例如：theGreens,theZhangs11)用于方位名词、身体部位名词前，例如：intheeast，ontheshoulder12)在逢十的复数数词之前，指世纪的每个年代，例如：inthe1990’s（二十世纪九十年代）13)用在一些习惯用语中,例如:inthemorning(afternoon,evening),ontheleft(right)attheendof/intheend(最后)bytheway(顺便说一下)ontheway(在路上)thesameallthetime(一直)thewholetime(三)不用冠词的情况1）在专有名词前和不可数名词前（第一次使用）。例如：China,GradeTwo,BillSmith,milkChinaisaverylargecountry.(中国是个大国)Manneedsairandwater.(人类需要空气和水)2）名词前已有指示、物主或不定代词作定语时，如this,that,my,your,some,any,another等。例如：Mypenismuchmoreexpensivethanyours.(我的钢笔比你的昂贵多了)Theletterisinherpocket.Ithinktheshopisclosedatthistimeofday.3）复数名词表示一类人或事物时（泛指）。例如：Myfatherandmotherareteachers.Menareclevererthanmonkeys.(人比猴子聪明)Ilikecakes.4）在星期、月份、季节、节日、三餐、球类、棋类、语言、学科的名称前。例如：ItisSunday(Monday,Tuesday,etc.)TodayisMid-AutumnDay.Itiscoldinwinter.Hewenttoschoolafterbreakfast.Canyouplaybasketball?

Wehavebreakfastathomeandlunchatschool.(我们在家吃早饭,在校吃午饭)ThechildrenplayfootballonSaturdayafternoons.(孩子们星期六下午踢足球)5）在称呼语或表示头衔的名词前。例如：UncleWanglikesmakingthings.WhatcolourareMrsGreen’sshoes?6）与by连用表示交通工具的名词前，例如：onfootbytrain,byair,bybus,bybike,byplane,byship,bycoach,bysea7）以and连接的连个相对的名词并用时，例如：knifeandfork,dayandnight,husbandandwife【注意】：在某些固定词组中，如：athome,gotoschool,gotobed,inbed,inhospital,inclass,afterclass,atnoon等的名词前不用冠词。at/to/from/outof/after/forschool;in/to/for/afterclassin/to/outof/intobedafter/at/from/outof/toworkat/fromhomeatnight/noon/midnightgotoschool/bedontopofinfrontofonshow/display/duty/watchin/outofhospitalatallon/intimeatfirst/last/onceinChinese/Englishtakecareof8）在有些词组中，有冠词和无冠词意思不同，请注意区别：infrontof在…前面inthehospital在医院里inthefrontof在…范围内的前部inhospital(生病)住院gotobed/gotothebedgotoschool/gototheschool【冠词练习】：1.There's_________800-metre-longroadbehind_________hospital.A.an,anB.a,aC.an,theD.a,the【例题解析】：1._______milkisfood.________milkinthiscuphasgonebad.2.---Doyoulikeplaying_________football?---Yes.ButIhaveonly_________basketball.3.Doyouknow_______girlon________anothersideof________lake?4.There’s________“u”and________“s”in________word“use”.5.Shesays________animalscant’slivewithout__________air,either.6.Hisfather,whois________honestman,isteachingin________university.7.Whichisheavier,________elephantor________horse?8.________coldwindwasblowingfromthenorth.9.Heisalwaysreadytohelp_________oldand________young.10.________Greensaretravelingin_________SouthChina.11.Although______mostofusliketodrinkbeer,thosewhodrink________mostare_______leasthealthy.12.Xiaomeisaw_________interestingfilmlastnight.________filmwasabout_________kinddoctor.13.Youcanhave_________secondtryifyoufail_______firsttime.14.Tomwentto____schoolasusual,buthedidn’tknowhisfatherwentto____schoolforaparentmeeting.15.________knowledgebeginswith_________practice.练习与巩固：一、在空白处填入a/an或the。1.---Mum,whatshallwehavefor_______dinner?

---Dumplings.---Oh,what_______wonderfuldinner!Ienjoyitverymuch.2._________PLA（People'sLiberationArmy）wasfoundedon__________August1st,19273._______Kingscametousat_________noon.4.Thescientistsfrom________UnitedStateslivein__________NinthStreet.5.Thedoctortohim,“Take______medicinetwice_____day.Stayin_____bedandyou’llbebettersoon.”6.September10this____________Teachers’Day.7.Mr.Blackarrivedhereon__________Tuesdaymorning.8.Therearefourseasonsin_____year.______firstseasonisspring.Itis_______bestoneof______four.9.Somepeoplehavebeento_________moon,in_______spaceship.10._______Chinais_________oldcountrywith_________longhistory11.Theyareliving______happylifenow.12.______bagon______deskismine.13.Thereis______emptyboxonthetable.14.Doyoulike______musicofthefilm“Titanic”

15.On______Saturday,Istayin______bedtill12:00.16.______BrownshavebeentoChinatwice.17.Don’tmakeanynoisein______class.18.Thisissuch______interestingstorythatyoumustlistentoit.19.NextweektheywillgotoAustraliaby______air.20.Whichisbigger,______sunor______moon?

三、在空白处填入a/an或the。1.ThismorningIbought_____newspaperand_____magazine._______newspaperisinmybagbutIdon’tknowwhereIput______magazine.2.Isaw______accidentthismorning.______carcrashedinto______tree.______driverof______carwasn’thurtbut______carwasbadlydamaged.3.Therearetwocarsparkedoutside:______blueoneand_______greyone._______blueoneismyneighbour’s;