北京市房山区2019届高三英语二模试题(含解析)

房山区2019年高考第二次模拟测试

英语试题第一部分：知识运用(共两节， 45分)第一节语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分)阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。AOurcatwasreadytogivebirthtoherkittens.Mysonwascuriousandexcitedtoseethebirthofthesenewbabies.Theeventtookplaceyesterday.Thecat(give)birthtoonekittenbythetimehearrivedhomefromschool.Hewassoamazedat2hesaw.Whenthesecondwasonitsway,themothercatbegantoyellveryloudly. Isawtearsinmyson'seyesbecausehelearnedaboutthepainofgivingbirth.【答案】1.hadgiven2.what【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲儿子看猫妈妈生小猫的事。【1题详解】考查时态。根据短语“bythetimehearrivedhomefromschool”可知，此处应该用过去完成时，give的过去完成时形式是hadgiven。故填hadgiven。【2题详解】考查连接代词。分析句子可知，此处是一个宾语从句，需要填连词； saw缺少宾语，且根据文意看见的应该是猫生宝宝的事情，故用指物的连词what。故填what。【点睛】bythetime引导时间状语从句时，它对应的主句一般用完成时形式，例如第 1小题：Thecat(give)birthtoonekittenbythetimehearrivedhomefromschool.时间状语从句bythetimehearrivedhomefromschool 是一般过去时，故主句用过去完成时，give 过去完成时形式是hadgiven,故填hadgiven。DaveTallyhasnohomeandfewpossessions.So,whenhediscoveredanabandonedbackpack3$3,300initlastweek,thetemptation(诱惑)tokeepthemoneyfor4(he)musthavebeenunbelievable.ButheturnedthemoneyintotheTempeCommunityActionAgency,5hevolunteers.Theorganizationfoundthesourceofthecash:astudentwhohadplannedtousethemoney6(buy)ausedcar.Thestudentwasgratefultohavethemoney7,(return).AndwordspreadaboutTally'sgooddeed.【答案】3.with4.himself5.wheretobuy7.returned【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述DaveTally拾金不昧的行为。【3题详解】考查介词。分析句子结构可知，此处应该用介词，且表达“有”意义的介词是 with。故填with。【4题详解】考查反身代词。由介词for可推出此处应该用代词宾格或反身代词，又因本句主语为 he,根据主语和宾语为同一人时，宾语用反身代词可知，此处应该用 he的反身代词himself。故填himself。【5题详解】考查关系副词。分析句子结构可知，此处是定语从句，从句中缺少状语，用关系副词连接，先行词是theTempeCommunityActionAgency,指地点，在后面的定语从句中作地点状语。故用关系副词where。故填where。【6题详解】考查不定式。句意：这个组织查明了钱的主人是一个学生， 这个学生原本打算用这些钱买一辆二手车。分析句子结构可知，此处要用非谓语动词；根据句意，花钱的目的是买二手车，表目的用不定式。故填tobuy。【【题详解】改变；B.crying哭；C.wandering想；D.complaining抱怨。根据常识可知，亲人去世是使人伤心的事，对于年事已高的老人来说更是如此。 此处用“cry”符合语境。故选B项。【14题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：做一些事情让我走出痛苦，并且对社区有益。 A.danger危险B.difficulty困难；C.sadness悲伤；D.anxiety焦虑。根据上下文可知，妻子去世让老人很痛苦。故选C项。【15题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他联系社区相关组织让它们知晓他想去拜访那些有困难的家庭。contacted联系；B.attended参加；C.studied学习；D.established建立。根据语言表达习惯可知，此处应该用“联系/告知/通知组织”，BC加和文意不符合。故选A项。【16题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他想去帮助生活有困难的家庭。 A.peaceful和平的；B.hard困难的；C.boring无聊的；D.relaxing令人放松的。根据下文中"bakingupsomelovelycakesandpiesduringtheirtimeofneed. "（在他们有需要的时候为他们做蛋糕和派）可知，老人帮助的是生活艰辛的家庭。故选B项。【17题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：他所做的让他在社区变得很出名。 A.widely广泛地；B.rarely极少地；C.partly部分；D.hardly几乎不。根据下文“Andwheneverpeoplemethim,theyshowedtheir8tohim.（无论何时人们遇到他，都会向他表达敬意）“可知，老人通过帮助有需要的人， 在社区变得很出名， “widelyknown”（广泛被认识）可以表达出名，符合语义。故选A项。【18题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A.expectation期待；B.address地址；C.mercy同情；D.respect尊重。根据上下文可知，老人帮助别人，所以得到了大家的尊重。故选D项。【19题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我把每个人都当作是我的朋友。 A.friend朋友；B.student学生；C.partner搭档；D.neighbor邻居。根据文意可知，老人是善良的人，所以把周围的人都当作朋友，这样符合语境。故选A项。考查动词短语辨析。句意：生于考查动词短语辨析。句意：生于1918年，Lellner经历了大萧条时期，那时他家失去了自己的农场。A.(live)through活过，经历过；B.(live)with忍受；C.(live)on靠…过活；D.(live)by以…为生。根据句意可知，此处应该是老人及一家经历了大萧条时期。故选A项。【21题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：作为一个孩子Lellner不得不辗转于各州之间， 期待能在农场找到工作，以此谋生。 A.relatives亲人；B.schools学校；C.work工作；D.fortune财富，运气。根据下文可知，想要在那个特殊时期"makealiving”(谋生)，就不得不找工作。故选C项。【22题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。 句意：我明白穷意味着什么， 很多时候我们都只能把蔬菜和面粉混合在一起吃。A.famous著名的；B.poor穷的；C.popular流行的；D.lonely孤独的。根据前文可知，在大萧条时期他们失去了自己的农场， 当时还是孩子的作者也不得不出去工作，说明生活很拮据。故选B项。【23题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：Lellner给周围的人带来了正面积极的影响。 A.confusion困惑；influence影响；C.trust信任；D.chaos混乱。根据下文“Childrenbegintolearntocooksotheycanspread16justashedoes. "(孩子们学着老人做食物,这样他们就可以把爱传递)可知，老人的行为影响了大家。故选B项。【24题详解】考查名词词义辨析。 句意：通过烘培，他已经为这个社区做出了很大的贡献。 A.farm农场；country国家；C.organization组织；D.community社区。根据文章大意可知， Lellner主要帮助的社区里有困难的人。故选D项。【25题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：善良是有影响力的。 A.Appearance外貌；B.Confidence信心；Encouragement鼓励；D.Kindness善良。根据本文标题可知，此处用“kindness”起点题作用。故选D项。【26题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们可以像他一样把爱传播。 A.news新闻；B.idea注意；C.love爱；D.knowledge知识。联系上下文可知，孩子们学做食物的主要目的是帮助他人，而帮助他人就是对他人的爱和关心。故选 C项。【27题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Lellner认为乐于助人的爱好可能就是活得久，活得开心的秘诀。A.happy幸福的；B.noisy吵闹的；C.crazy疯狂的；D.busy繁忙的。联系上下文可知，老人非常愿意帮助他人，而且乐在其中；且本文从头到尾都在讲帮助他人的积极影响，所以此处应该选择一个符合语境的词。故选A项。【28题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：生活总是会给我们机会多走一步，或者做能影响他人的善举。A.deal待遇，协议；B.wish愿望；C.career职业；D.difference影响。联系上下文可知，此处用“makeadifference”呼应前文的“influence”。故选 D项。【29题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：最绝妙的事情是，当我们帮助他人的时候我们自己有了更好的改变。A.easier更容易的；B.better更好的；C.healthier更健康的；D.steadier更稳定的。根据下文的“Ittwiceblessed”（它是双倍的祝福）可知，“双倍祝福”是指，帮助他人不仅对他人有好处，于自己也是有好处的， B项中的better符合语境。故选B项。【30题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：它祝福给予帮助的人，也祝福受到帮助的人。A.deserves值得；B.waits等待；C.gives给；D.qualifies合格。根据句意可知，此处应该选择一个和"receive"相对的词。故选C项。第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，40分）第一节（共 15小题；每小题2分，共30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ATheWorld’sBestHearingAidValueUnder$200,theDoctor’sChoiceforAdvancedHearingAidTechnologyHowcanahearingaidcostlessthan$200?Whenyoubuyahearingaid,besuretochooseapairthateverybitofitisasgoodasonethatsellsfor$2500ormore.AlthoughgreatprogresshasbeenmadeinAdvancedHearingAidTechnology,thosecostreductionsorfallsinpriceshavenotpassedontoyou -UntilNow.TheMDHearingAidPROhasbeencarefullytestedbyleadingENT（Ear,NoseandThroat）physiciansandaudiologists（ 听力学家）whohavetotallyagreedthatthesoundqualityandoutputinmanycasesisbetterthanmoreexpensivehearingaids.SinceMedicareandmostprivateinsurancedonotcoverhearingaids,ENTsurgeonDr.Cherukuridesignedagame—changingsolutionwithoutsacrificingthequalityofcomponentsthatyoucanactuallyafford.“Irecommendthemtomypatientswithhearingloss. ”—AmyS.AudiologistIndiana“IhavehadthisaidtwodaysandallIcansayisWOW! ”—TerrsaH.,Grove,NJ“Itissomuchbetterthanthe$3000hearingaidIhadbeenusingforyears.”—RobertC.SouthBendThefactis,youdon'tneedtopayhighpricesforamedical-gradeFDAregisteredhearingaid,MDHearingAidPROisahighperformancehearingaidthatworksrightoutoftheboxwithnotime-consumingaadjustment"appointments.Youcanconvenientlyaccessahearingspecialistonlineorbyphone —evenafterthesale.Noothercompanyprovidessuchextensivesupport.Over75000satisfiedcustomersagree.Nowthatyouknow,whypaymore?Tryitathomewithinour45-DayRisk-FreeTrail（ 免费试用）.Ifyouarenotcompletelysatisfied,simplyreturnitwithinthattimeperiodandwewillgivebackyourmoneyfora100%ofyourpurchaseprice.800-475-7618UseCode:DB91ForayearsupplyofFreeBatteriesandFreeShippingGetMDHearingAWhatisspecialabouttheadvertisedHearingAid?Itischeapercomparedwithotherhearingaids.Ithasbeentestedbyphysiciansandaudiologists.Itishelpfulforthepeoplewhohavehearingproblems.Itisofthebestqualityandthemostadvancedtechnology.Thisadvertisementismademorebelievableby .providingrealdatausingrecommendationsofferingreasonsfortheinventionshowingtheresultsoftheexperimentsIfyouaredissatisfiedwiththeproduct,youcan .contactwiththesurgeoninpersonmakeaphonecalltocomplainaboutitgetallyourmoneybackwithin45daysvisitthewebsitetoconsulttheinformation【答案】31.A32.B33.C【解析】这是一则广告。文章推荐了一种助听器，它的价格便宜，但效果超越其它同类产品。【31题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第一和第二自然段提到的“lessthan$200”可知，广告里所提到的助听器的最大特点是便宜。故选A项。【32题详解】推理判断题。从文章中所引用的三个人的话：“Irecommendthemtomypatientswithhearingloss.”—AmyS.Audiologist（AmyS.Audiologist-我把他们推荐给我有听力问题的病人）；“IhavehadthisaidtwodaysandallIcansayisWOW!”—TerrsaH.,Grove,NJ（Terrsa-我已经用了助听器两天，它太棒了）；“ItissomuchbetterthanRobertC.SouthBend（Robert-theRobertC.SouthBend（Robert-它比我那用了好几年的3000美元的助听器要好的多）可判断出，正是他们的推荐和评价让广告看起来更真实可信。故选 B项。【33题详解】细节理解题。根据文章中“Tryitathomewithinour45-DayRisk-FreeTrail（ 免费试用）.Ifyouarenotcompletelysatisfied,simplyreturnitwithinthattimeperiodandwewillgivebackyourmoneyfora100%ofyourpurchaseprice.”（免费试用45天，在此期间如果不满意可退还全部款项）可知，45天内退还助听器可以得到全部退款。故选C项。BHigh-WireActMickeyWilsonhadbeenonthemountainonlyafewsecondswhenheheardthescream.Wilson,28yearsold,hadjustgottenoffthecablecar（ 索道缆车）attheArapahoeBasinSkiAreainKeystone,Colorado,alongwithhisfriendsBillySimmonsandHansMueller.TheirfriendRichardhadbeenonthecablecaraheadofthem,butwhenthemenreachedthetopofthelift,hehaddisappeared.Themenwalkedtowardthesourceofthescreamandfoundskiersstoppedontheslope,pointingtothecablecar.Andthenthefriendsscreamedtoo.“Oh,Richard!”yelledMueller.WhenRichardhadtriedtojumpoffthecablecar,hisbackpackhadbeencaughtinthechair,whichthendraggedhimbackdownthehill.Intheprocess,thebackpackbelttwistedaroundhisneck,makinghimbreathless.NowRichard’sbodywasswingingfourfeetabovethesnow.Thecablecaroperatorhadquicklystoppedit,andthefriendskickedofftheirskisandrantowardthescene.TheymadeahumanpyramidtotrytoreachRichard,buttheunconsciousmanwastoofarofftheground.Withtheclockticking,Wilsonrantotheladderofanearbylifttower.Scaredskierswatchedashestruggledthe25feet.Afterhereachedthetop,Wilson ’sfirstchallengewastoclimbontothetwo-inchsteelcablethatheldthechairs.Hehandledthebalanceandheightbravely,butheknewhecouldnotwalkonthecable.Therefore,hecalmeddownandsatoveritandthenusedhishandstopullhimselftoRichardquickly.Wilson’sgreatestfearwasn’tthathe’dfall,butthathewouldn’treachRichard.“Thiswaslifeordeath,”hesaid.WhenhereachedRichard’schair,Wilsonswungalegoverthecableandattemptedtodropdownontoit.Butashedidthat,hisjacketcaughtonthemovablefootrest,whichwasintheupposition.Thefootrestbegantoslidedown,withWilsonattached.Butbeforethatcouldhappen,hemanagedtofreehimselfandreachedRichard.Fortunately,theskipatrol（巡查）hadgatheredbelowandperformedemergencytreatmentonRichard,whohadbeenhangingforaboutfiveminutes,thenskiedhimdowntoanambulance.Thatnight,RichardcalledfromthehospitaltoexpresshisthankstoWilson,hisotherfriendsandtheworkersattheArapahoeBasinSkiArea.WhathappenedtoRichardwhenhetriedtojumpoffthecablecar?Hewassickandbecameunconscious.Helefthisskiswhichstoppedthecablecar.Hewastooafraidtomoveforwardinthecablecar.Hewascaughtbytheneck,hangingdownthecable.HowdidRichardsurvive?Peopleworkedtogetherandsavedhim.Wilsonclimbedonthecableandsavedhim.Theskipatrolgothimdownandtreatedhim.Skierstreatedhimandcarriedhimtothehospital.Theauthorwrotethefourthparagraphtoshowthat .therescueprocesswasdangeroussomethingwaswrongwiththecablecarWilsoncouldmanagetheprocessverywelltheoperatorofthecablecarignoredhisdutyThestoryattheArapahoeBasinSkiAreamainlytellsus .itisverydangeroustogoskiinghethatclimbshighoftenfallsheavily

braveryandcalmcanhelpyoumakeadifferenceapersonwithagreattalentalwayshasgreatwill-power【答案】34.D35.A36.A37.C【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述 MickeyWilson和他两个朋友乘坐索道缆车上山的过程中，其中一个朋友出了事故。在那个万分紧急的时刻MickeyWilson奋不顾身地去救人。【34题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第三自然段前两句话“WhenRichardhadtriedtojumpoffthecablecar,hisbackpackhadbeenswingingfourfeetabovethesnow”可知，背包带缠住D项。>'./.了Richard的脖子把他悬在半空，也让他呼吸困难。故选car,hisbackpackhadbeenswingingfourfeetabovethesnow”可知，背包带缠住D项。>'./.了Richard的脖子把他悬在半空，也让他呼吸困难。故选35题详解】细节理解题。根据文章最后一段 Thatnight,RichardcalledfromthehospitaltoexpresshisthankstoWilson,hisotherfriendsandtheworkersattheArapahoeBasinSkiArapahoeBasinSkiworersaerapaoeasnAj_I IswungalegoverthecableandT■ ・jacketcaughtonthemovableArea.（那天晚上，Richard从医院打电话表达对Wilson，Area的工作人员感谢）可知，Wilson，otherfriends和SkiArea都对他施以援手 ,是他们的共同努力救了他。故选36题详解】推理判断题。WhenhereachedRichard’schair,Wilsonattemptedtodropdownontoit.Butashedidthat,hisfootrestwhichwasintheuppositionThefootrestbegantoslidedownwithWilson,. ,,,attached.Butbeforethatcouldhappen,hemanagedtofreehimselfandreachedRichard.（当威尔逊触到理查德的椅子时，他把一条腿甩过缆绳，试图跳到上面。但是当他那样做的时候，他的夹克被活动脚踏板给挂住了。脚踏板在上面，然后挂着威尔逊开始向下滑。但他及时让自己摆脱困境，够到了理查德）这段主要描述了Wilson救人的经过，且场面惊险，稍有不慎可能威尔逊自己也会受伤，所以这段描写主要突出救人的危险。故选A项。【37题详解】推理判断题。根据文章大意可知，Wilson能在那个危急时刻去求 Richard表现他的勇敢；在5分钟内能想到可行的方法，说明Richard处乱不惊，沉着冷静。综上所述，面临危险勇敢，冷静才能化险为夷。故选 C项。CLoudcheersandapplausebrokeoutatNASA’sJetPropulsionLabonMonday,November25,2018,astheunmannedlander,calledInsight,toucheddownonMars,afternearlysevenyearsfromdesigntolaunchtolanding.Thegreatarrivalofthespacecraft—designedtolistenforquakesandshakesasawaytodiscovertheRedPlanet’sinnersecrets,howitformedbillionsofyearsagoand,howotherplanetslikeEarthtookshape —markedtheeighthsuccessfullandingonMarsinNasa’shistory.MinutesafterInSightlandedonthesurfaceofMars,thefirstimagewassentback,showingawideflatareaasseenthroughadirtycamera.Thetouchdowncameafteranearlyseven-month,300million-miletravelfromEarthtoMars,duringwhichtheInSightspacecrafthadtoslowdownfromaspeedofmorethan12,000mph.Thespacecraft’sheatshelterhelpedthelandersurvivetemperaturesashighas2,700F.EachstepalongthewaywaswatchednervouslyatJPL,withupdatesdelayedbytheeight-minutelighttraveltimebetweenEarthandMars.Missioncontrollershuggedeachotherwithjoywhenthesignalswerereceived. “Weareproudofeverythingthathasgoneontoday,”theytoldusreporters.ThefirstpictureofthesurfaceofMarswassentbacktoEarthbyoneoftheMarCOnanosatellites（马可纳米卫星 ）thataccompaniedInSightduringitstraveltoMars.Thedustfromthelandingmadetheviewunclear.Picturesfromitwereexpectedtobecleareroncethedustsettledandthelenscover（ 镜头盖）wasremoved.Hourslater,InSight’sbatterieswerechargingasexpected.TheInSightteamalsopassedonanotherpicture,takenbyadifferentcamerathat ’sfixedonthelander’sroboticarm.Theviewisclearer,showingtheroboticar mandtheseismometer,whichisusedtodiscovertheactualmovementoftheground.WhatdoweknowaboutInSightlanderfromthepassage?IthaslandedsuccessfullyonMarseighttimes.Ittravelledallthewayatthespeedof12,000mph.Missioncontrollershelpeditsurvivehightemperature.ThetaskofitistofindouttheinnermysteriesofMars.WeknowwhatMarslookslikeby .studyingpicturesInSightlandersendsbackreadingreportssentbackbythepersononMarscollectingimagessentbackbyMarCOnanosatellitesanalyzinginformationtherobotonInSightlandersendsbackHowdidthemissioncontrollersfeelwhentheyreceivedsignalsfromInsight?A.Unconcerned. B.Worried.C.Amazed. D.Excited.Thepassageismostprobablytakenfrom .A.afictionnovel B.anewsreportC.atravelmagazine D.anofficialstatement【答案】38.D39.C40.D41.B【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了美国航天总局的InSight登陆和探测火星的相关情况。【38题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二自然段中“Thegreatarrivalofthespacecraft—designedtolistenforquakesandshakesasawaytodiscovertheRedPlanet’sinnersecrets,”可知，设计Insight的主要目的是探测火星的内部秘密。故选 D项。【39题详解】细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二自然段第一句“ThefirstpictureofthesurfaceofMarswassentbacktoEarthbyoneoftheMarCOnanosatellites（马可纳米卫星 ）thataccompaniedInSightduringitstraveltoMars.”可知，马克纳米卫星能够把拍摄火星的照片传回地球，通过照片我们就可以知道火星的外表。故选 C项。【40题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第四段中的Missioncontrollershuggedeachotherwithjoywhenthesignalswerereceived.（当收到来自Insight的信号时，任务控制员们都高兴地抱在一起）可知接收到信号时任务控制人员很高兴。故选D项。【41题详解】推理判断题。文章主要介绍了美国航天总局的 Insight登陆和探测火星的相关情况，所以可以推断出它最有可能是出自选项中的“ anewsreport”(新闻报道)。故选B项。DThelatestdatafromtheOfficeforNationalStatisticsshowsthatoneinevery12kidsislivinginhomeswherenoonehasworkedforatleastayear.Thatmaybeduetounemploymentorissuessuchassicknessordisabilitythatmeantheycan'twork,andaren'trequiredto.Thisisknownasbeingina “longtermworkless”family.Theissuesfacedbychildreninworklessfamilieshaveverybadinfluenceontheirdevelopmentandeducation,limitingtheirfutureemploymentprospects,andreducingtheiropportunitiestosucceedthroughouttheirlives.Notonlydoesworklessnessreducefamilyincome,itcanalsodamagefamilies'healthandstability,andthusdestroychildren'sdevelopment.Thisisbecausemanyworklessfamiliesareheldbackbydisadvantagessuchasdebt,drugandalcoholdependency,andbyhomelessness.Sufferingfromthefamilyproblems,manychildrenfaceagreaterandgreaterpossibilityofrepeatingthepooroutcomesoftheirparents.Governmentresearchhasshownthatchildreninworklessfamiliesarealmosttwiceaslikelynottoreachtheexpectedlevelatallstagesoftheireducation.Forexample,three-quartersofchildrenfromfamilieswherenooneworksfailedtoreachtheexpectedlevelatGeneralCertificateofSecondaryEducation(GCSE),comparedtoaroundhalfofchildreninlower-incomeworkingfamilies.Soattentionshouldbepaidtochildreninout-of-workhomes.Havingworkingparentsmeansachildismorelikelytodobetteratschool,tohavebetterhealth,educationanddevelopment,andalsomeanstheyarelesslikelytofall intocrime.Butforsomefamilies,worklessness,ornotemployment,isthenorm.Theyjustchoosenottowork.Thesefamiliesoftenfacehugebarrierstogettingonwiththeirlivesbuttheytaketheopportunitiesofferedbythesociety.Parents'abilitytoworkisfrustratedbyissueslikelowskillsorpoormentalorphysicalhealth,ordrugandalcoholdependency,leavingchildrenwithoutthestabilitytheyneed.WeallwanttohelpworklessfamilieswithcomplexproblemssothattheirchildrencantakeadvantageoftheopportunitiesinBritain.Weallwantparentstohavethechancetogoouttoearnalivingandtoenjoythepleasureofwork,sothattheirchildrencanbenefitfromthegoodexamplesofworkingparents.Indoingso,weshouldknowtheneedtounderstandthecomplexissuesthatsomefamiliesfaceandtodevelopanewapproachtodealwithpoverty.Becausetherootcausesarenotfinancial.Itisabouthelpingfamiliesovercometheproblemstheyfacesothattheycangoasfarastheirtalentsandhardworkwilltakethem.Weshouldn’tretreatfromactingtodealwithdisadvantages,becauseweknowthecostsofinactiontoindividuals,communitiesandsociety.Accordingtotheauthor,childreninworklessfamiliesmay .havebetterperformanceatschooltakechancestogoouttoearnalivingbemoreabletodealwiththeirproblemslivethesamelifestylesthattheirparentshadTheunderlinedword “norm”inthefifthparagraphprobablymeans .A.ahugebarrier B.aturningpointC.atypicalstandard D.anunusualeventInthelastparagraphtheauthormainlytalkedabout .raisingofsocialwelfaresolutionstotheproblemsdevelopmentofthesocietyreformingofthegovernmentThemainpurposeofthepassageisto .introduceastudyonchildreninworklessfamiliesappealtothereaderstohelpchildreninworklessfamiliespresentanewapproachtodealwithpovertyofworklessfamilies-incomeonescomparechildren’sperformancesinworklessfamiliesandlow-incomeones42.D43.C44.B45.B【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章主要就家庭成员没有工作的状况会给孩子在学习， 就业和生活上带来负面影响这一问题进行了讨论。【42题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第三自然段中“Sufferingfromthefamilyproblems,manychildrenfaceagreaterandgreaterpossibilityofrepeatingthepooroutcomesoftheirparents."（很多遭遇家庭孩子更有可能重蹈父母的覆辙） 可知，这些孩子很有可能过和父母一样的生活。故选D项。【43题详解】词义猜测题。Butforsomefamilies,worklessness,ornotemployment,isthenorm.（但是对于一些家庭来说，失业和不就业是一个典型的例子。 ）联系上文可知，一般的失业家庭是因为疾病，就业压力等外部原因。但此处提到的家庭是“theyjustchoosenotwork”自己选择不工作，所以这种家庭是典型例子。故选 C项。【44题详解】主旨大意题。根据本段的Indoingso,weshouldknowtheneedtounderstandthecomplexissuesthatsomefamiliesfaceandtodevelopanewapproachtodealwithpoverty.Becausetherootcausesarenotfinancial.Itisabouthelpingfamiliesovercometheproblemstheyfacesothattheycangoasfarastheirtalentsandhardworkwilltakethem（在这样做的时候，我们应该知道有必要了解一些家庭面临的复杂问题，并制定一种处理贫穷问题的新办法。 因为根本原因不是经济原因。 它是帮助家庭克服他们所面临的问题，使他们能够尽其所能地发挥他们的才能并努力工作。 可知，本段主要讲帮助那些失业家庭的方法。故选B项。【45题详解】推理判断题。根据文章前面叙述“无就业”家庭给孩子带来的伤害，以及最后一段的内容，尤其是前两句WeallwanttohelpworklessfamilieswithcomplexproblemssothattheirchildrencantakeadvantageoftheopportunitiesinBritain.Weallwantparentstohavethechancetogoouttoearnalivingandtoenjoythepleasureofwork,sothattheirchildrencanbenefitfromthegoodexamplesofworkingparents.（我们想要帮助情况复杂的“无就业”家庭， 这样他们的孩子就可以利用在英国的机会。 我们想要父母出去挣钱，享受工作的乐趣，这样孩子也可以从父母的榜样中受益） 表达了想帮助这些家庭的强烈愿望，和殷切希望。所以短文的目的是呼吁读者帮助无就业家庭的孩子。故选B项。第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。SleepPatternsandHealthTroublesWhenCarolGeeturned55,shemadeanewfriend:4a.m.Inthepast,sheusuallysleptthroughit. 46She'snottheonlyolderadulttohavethesameexperience.In2017,anationalvoteconductedbytheUniversityofMichiganfoundthat46percentofadults65andolderhavetroublefallingasleeponaregularbasis.47Brainscanslow.Woundstakelongertoheal.Andsleeppatternsshift,too.Themostnoticeable—andoftenmostannoying-changesarehowsleepandwake-uptimeschangeandsleepgetslighter,oftenbeginninginmiddleage.Thiscancomeasnewstomany,saysMichaelV.Vitiello,apsychologistattheUniversityofWashingtonwhospecializesinsleepinaging.Studieshavefoundthatpoorsleepcanhaveaparticularthreattoolderadults.48Falls,depressionandanxiety,problemswithmemory,andincreasedsuicideriskareamongtheimpactsofsleeplessissuesinthispopulationgroupthatresearchershavefound.Aswithchangesinsleeparchitectureandtiming,scientistsarestillunsurewhythoseriskassociationsexist.KristineYaffe,aneuropsychiatrist（ 神经精神病学家）attheUniversityofCalifornia 'sSanFranciscoSchoolofMedicinewhospecializesindementia,warnsthattherearemorequestionsthananswerswhenitcomestodementiaandsleep.Hefoundthatifpeoplehavedementia,theytendnottosleepwell.Dosleepproblemsactuallyleadtodementia?4949Whatisclearistheassociationbetweengoodsleepandpsychologicalwell-beinginolderadults.Butsleepquantitydidn 'tshowthesameeffects.Andtherein,expertssay,mayliethekeytounderstandingsleepasyouage.Ifyou'resleepingless,butdon'tfeelnegativeeffectsoutofbed,thechangesyounoticemayjustbenormalage-related.Yourbedtimepatternchangesasyouage,isthatasignoftrouble?50“Alotofolderadultsrecognizethattheydon 'tsleepthesameastheydidwhentheywere18,buttheycanstillfunctionandthey'reOK.Andalliswellwiththe■ ”universe.Researchersthinkit'shardtosay.Butrecentlyithasbecomehernewwake-uptime.Overtime,Vitiellosays,sleeppatternssimplychange.Statisticsindicatethatrestlessnightisbadtoourhealth.Aspeopleage,thebodychangesinallsortsofpredictableways.Toomuchworkandpressureinlifeoftencauseyoutowakeupearlier.Changesinthebraincanbeassociatedwithanumberoftypesofdementia.【答案】46.B47.E48.D49.A50.C【解析】这一篇议论文。文章主要就睡眠模式会影响健康进行了讨论。【46题详解】根据上文中“Inthepast,sheusuallysleptthroughit. "（在过去，她通常四点之后才醒）可知在讲过去的事情，那么下句接"Butrecentlyithasbecomehernewwake-uptime”（但是最近，她醒来的时间通常在4点之前）可知此句讲现在的事情。这样前后搭配符合逻辑。故选B项。【47题详解】根据上文内容可知，第一自然段讲早起的现象，那么接着讲“Toomuchworkandpressureinlifeoftencauseyoutowakeupearlier. "（太多的工作和压力造成你早起） ，这是早起的原因。这样上下文搭配符合逻辑。故选E项。【48题详解】根据上文的"Studieshavefoundthatpoorsleepcanhaveaparticularthreattoolderadults."（研究表明睡眠质量不好会对年长者有很大的影响）可知，此处讲睡眠差造成的影响。而D项也讲研究发现睡眠差对健康的影响。 前后两句话的结构相似，内容相似，且符合文意。故选D项。【49题详解】联系上下文“Dosleepproblemsactuallyleadtodementia?4Whatisclearistheassociationbetweengoodsleepandpsychologicalwell-beinginolderadults. "（睡题问题真的会导致痴呆吗？科学家们认为这很难说清楚。 但是明确的是睡眠好的老人身体也很好）可知，上文提问，下文回答，尽管没有明确的答案，但上下文联系起来符合语境。故选A项。【50题详解】根据上文中的"Yourbedtimepatternchangesasyouage,isthatasignoftrouble?”（随着年龄的增长你的睡眠模式改变了，这是个问题吗？）接下句"Overtime,Vitiellosays,sleeppatternssimplychange."（Vitiello 说随着时间流逝睡眠模式当然会发生改变），这两句谈论的都是年龄增长和睡眠模式，是同一个话题，符合逻辑和语境。故选 C项。第三部分：书面表达第一节（15分）51.假设你是李华，端午节即将来临，请给你的英国教师 Jim写封信，邀请他来你家过端午节。内容包括：1、发出邀请；2、节日计划；3、希望他来。注意：1、词数不少于50;2、开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。Dearteacher,Sincerelyyours,LiHua【答案】Dearteacher,TheDragonBoatFestivalisaroundthecorner.IknowyouarekeenonChineseculture,soI'mwritingtoinviteyoutospendthefestivaltogetherwithourfamilyonthefifthdayofthefifthmonthoftheChinesecalendar.Ifyouarewillingtocome,myfatherandIwillpickyouupwhereyouliveat9o ’clockthatmorning.WewillmakeandenjoyZongzitogether.Mymotherwilltellyoumorecustomsaboutthefestival.Iguessitwillbeareallyniceopportunityforyoutolearnaboutthisfestivalsowedohopeyoucancome.Welookforwardtoyourcoming.Sincerelyyours,LiHua【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生写一封信，邀请老师吉姆到家里过端午节，并介绍节日的相关计划和安排。【详解】第一步：审题体裁： 应用文时态： 根据提示，时态应为一般现在时和一般将来时结构： 分分总分分法是指先分别陈述，再作总结。要求： 1.表明写信目的2.介绍节日计划和安排1）介绍端午节的相关情况，比