2016年初中英语被动语态深度讲解、练习及答案

2016年初中英语被动语态深度讲解、练习及答案2016年初中英语被动语态深度讲解、练习及答案2016年初中英语被动语态深度讲解、练习及答案xxx公司2016年初中英语被动语态深度讲解、练习及答案文件编号：文件日期：修订次数：第1.0次更改批准审核制定方案设计，管理制度初中英语被动语态深度讲解语态的基本概念和种类

语态是动词的一种形式，用来表明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。所以英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主语是动作的发出者为主动语态；主语是动作的接受者为被动语态。如：Theybuiltthebridge.

Thebridgewasbuiltbythem.被动语态的构成

被动语态由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。现以teach为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。1一般现在时：am／is／are＋taughtSheoftenwaterstheflowers.Theflowersareoftenwateredbyher’Englishisspokenbylotsofpeopleintheworld

2一般过去时：was／were＋taughtWas/weredoneWevisitedaformyesterday.Aformwasvisitedyesterdaybyus.thecupwasbrokenbytheboy.Hewassavedatlast.Mybikewasstolen,Somenewcomputerswerestolenlastnight.

Thisbookwaspublishedin1981.

这本书出版于1981年3一般将来时：will／shallbe＋taughtAm/is/aregoingtobedoneShewillplantsometreesthisweek.sometreeswillbeplantedthisweek.

ourclassisgoingtoholdapartythismorning.ApartyisgoingtobeheldthiseveningbyourclassAnewroadwillbebuiltnextyear4现在进行时：am／is／arebeing＋taught

过去进行时：was/werebeingdoneHeisreadinganovel.AnovelisbeingreadTheproblemwasbeingdiscussednowThemachinewasbeingrepairedatthistimeyesterday.5现在完成时：have／hasbeen＋taught

歌诀是：被动语态be字变，过去分词跟后面Wehavefinishedthework.Theworkhasalreadybeenfinishedbyus.6情态动词的被动语态是常考的一个知识点：情态动词+be+过去分词HecanspeakEnglishEnglishcanbespokenbyhimWeshouldplantmoretreesonthemountainMoretreesshouldbeplantedonthemountainYoumustfinishedyourhomeworkintime

yourhomeworkmustbefinishedfinishedintime（三）主动语态变被动语态的方法与注意事项

歌诀是：宾变主，主变宾，by短语后面跟。谓语动词变被动，be后“过分”来使用。

(1)通常的办法是：将主动结构中的宾语变为被动结构中的主语，将主动结构中的谓语动词变为“be/get+过去分词”形式，将主动结构中的主语变为介词by的宾语(若动作的执行者没有必要说明则可以省略该by短语)。如：

LiLeiplantedthetreelastyear.→ThetreewasplantedbyLiLeilastyear.这棵树是李蕾去年栽的。

WorkersmadethemachinesinChangsha.\→ThemachinesweremadeinChangsha.这些机器是长沙造的。

(2)将含有复合宾语的句子变为被动语态时，应将宾语变为被动结构的主语，而宾语的补足语则留在原处成为主语补足语。如：

Hepaintedthedoorgreenyesterday.→Thedoorwaspaintedgreenyesterday.昨天门被漆成绿色了。

注意：表示“使、让”的动词make,have等，以及感官动词see,watch,observe,feel,hear,listento,lookat等，感官动词或使役动词的主动语态后跟不带to不定式作宾语补足语，但变为被动语态时，须转为带to不定式。如：Isawabagdropfromthebus.→Abagwasseentodropfromthebus.Mothermadeherbabysleepinherarms.→Thebabywasmadetosleepinhermother’sarms.Isawhimgointotheteachers’office.→Hewasseentogointotheteachers’office.

看见他进入了教师办公室。Weoftenhearhersinginthenextroom.Sheisoftenheardtosinginthenextroom.Thebossmadethemworkfor16hoursadayTheyweremsdetoworkfor16hoursadaysbytheboss

(3)带双宾语的句子变为被动语态时，既可将直接宾语变为被动语态的主语，而在间接宾语前加to或for留在动词之后；也可将间接宾语变为被动结构的主语，而直接宾语留在动词之后。但一般采用后一种用法。如：

Hegavemethepenlastyear.→Iwasgiventhepenlastyear.Thepenwasgiventomelastyear.这支笔是去年给我的。Heboughtmeabook=abookwasboughtformebyhim

直接宾语和间接宾语都可作被动语态的主语。如： Mr.Smithgaveusalecture. →WeweregivenalecturebyMr.Smith. 或---AlecturewasgivenbyMr.Smith. 当句中含有return,write,find,buy等动词时，常把直接宾语转为被动语态的主语，同时要注意介词的搭配。如： Ireturnedhimthebook. →Thebookwasreturnedtohim.（注意用to） Hewrotemeashortnote. →Ashortnotewaswrittentome.(注意用to) Hefoundmeanumbrella. →Anumbrellawasfoundforme.(注意用for) Iboughthersomeflowers. →Someflowerswereboughtforher.（注意用for）【说明】一般说来，间接宾语前带to的动词有：bring,give,hand,lend,offer,pass,post,send,show,take,teach,tell,write,throw等；间接宾语前带for的动词有：book,buy,call,cook,do,get,make,save等。(4)动词believe,consider,declare,expect,know,report,say,suppose,think等的被动语态，常有两种结构形式。如：

Hewassaidtogethurtinthecaraccident.人们说他在车祸中受伤了。

Itwassaidthathegothurtinthecaraccident.人们说他在车祸中受伤了。

(5)短语动词变被动语态时，短语动词后面的介词或副词不能省略，短语动词应当看作一个整体。如：Shehasneverbeenoperatedonbefore.她从未动过手术。

Thebabywaslookedafterbyhersister.这婴儿由她的姐姐照顾。

Hisplanwaslaughedatbyeveryone.他的计划大家都嘲笑。Wecan’tlookdownuponanybody.→Anybodycan’tbelookeddownupon.Thedoorkeeperturnsoffthelightsat11pmeveryday.→Thelightsareturnedoffat11pmbythedoorkeepereveryday.Thenurseistakingcareofthesickman. →Thesickmanisbeingtakencareofbythenurse.

（6）动词不定式的被动语态：即把todo变成tobedone（五）不用被动语态的情况

1)不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态：

appear,die,disappear,end,fail,happen,last,lie,remain,sit,spread,stand,breakout,cometrue,fallasleep,keepsilence,loseheart,takeplace.

如，Afterthefire,verylittleremainedofmyhouse.

比较：rise,fall,happen是不及物动词；raise,seat是及物动词。

(错)Thepricehasbeenrisen.

(对)Thepricehasrisen.

(错)Theaccidentwashappenedlastweek.

(对)Theaccidenthappenedlastweek.

(错)Thepricehasraised.

(对)Thepricehasbeenraised.

(错)Pleaseseat.

(对)Pleasebeseated.

要想正确地使用被动语态，就须注意哪些动词是及物的，哪些是不及物的。特别是一词多义的动词往往有两种用法。解决这一问题唯有在学习过程中多留意积累。2）动词形式上是被动的，但实际上是“系动词+表语”结构，一般学习方法是靠平时积累。如：Heisseatedatthedesk.他坐在桌旁。 Theboywaslostinthestreet. 男孩在街上迷路了。 Thegirlisdressedinaredskirt. 这个女孩穿着红裙子。 Hewasdrunkinthebar.他在酒吧喝醉了。 Mydreamisgonewiththewind. 我的梦随风而去了。3）当break,wash,sell,burn,read,clean,run,ride,wear,write,open,close等动词有状语修饰时，用主动形式表示被动意义。Glassbreakseasily.玻璃易碎。 Theclothwasheswell.这种布料很好洗。Thisnewbooksellswell.新书很畅销。 Drywoodburnseasily.干柴易燃。 Theletterreadsasfollows.信的内容如下。 Theglasscleanseasily.这些杯子易洗。 Thenewcarrunswell.这辆新车跑得很正常。 Mynewbikerideswell.我的新自行车很好骑。 Theshoeswearlong.这种鞋子很耐穿。 Thepenwritessmoothly.这笔写起来很流畅。Theshopopensat9amandclosesat9pm

4)不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语：

fit,have,hold,marry,own,wish,cost,notice,watchagreewith,arriveat/in,shakehandswith,succeedin,sufferfrom,happento,takepartin,walkinto,belongto

如，Thiskeyjustfitsthelock.

Yourstoryagreeswithwhathadalreadybeenheard.

5)系动词无被动语态：

appear,bebecome,fall,feel,get,grow,keep,look,remain,seem,smell,sound,stay,taste,turn

Itsoundsgood.Thefoodlooksnicebuttastesbad.Yourpikansoundsgood.

6)带同源宾语的及物动词，反身代词，相互代词，不能用于被动语态：die,death,dream,live,life

Shedreamedabaddreamlastnight.

7)当宾语是不定式时，很少用于被动语态。

(对)Shelikestoswim.

(错)Toswimislikedbyher.

二、复习时需要注意的要点（1）由主动语态改为被动语态的步骤：①主动语态中的宾语变为被动语态句中的主语；②主动语态句中的动词改为相应的被动语态；③主动语态句中的主语变为被动语态句中by的宾语。（2）主动语态句中的谓语动词带有双宾语，即直接宾语和间接宾语时，转换方法有两种：①把间接宾语转化为主语，保留直接宾语②把直接宾语转化为主语，保留间接宾语。此时，一般需在间接宾语前加适当的介词。（3）在短语seesb.dosth.中，动词see后跟不带to的不定式作宾补。改为被动语态时要加上to。用于这一结构的谓语动词一般是表示知觉的动词如see,hear等，以及使役动词make,let等。[小试]用括号中动词的适当形式填空。1.TheMid-AutumnFestival_______(celebrate)inChina.2.I_______(ask)bymymothernottotouchthedogyesterday.3.Booksofthiskind_______(sell)verywell.4.—Haveyoumovedintothenewhouse?—Notyet,theroom_______(paint).5.Theboy_______(bringup)inthecountryside.6.Agoodjob_______melastyear.(offer)初中英语被动语态专项练习()1ThePeople'sRepublicofChina___onOctober1,1949.A.foundB.wasfoundedC.isfoundedD.wasfound()2English____inCanada.A.speaksB.arespokenC.isspeakingD.isspoken()3ThisEnglishsong___bythegirlsafterclass.A.oftensingsB.oftensangC.isoftensangD.isoftensung()4Thiskindofcar___inJapan.A,makesB.madeC.ismakingD.ismade()5Newcomputers___allovertheworld.A.isusedB.areusingC.areusedD.haveused()6Ourroommust___clean.A.keepB.bekeptC.tobekeptD.tokeep()7-I'dliketobuythatcoat.-I'msorry.___.A.itsoldB.it'ssellingC.It'sbeensoldD.ithadbeensold()8Anewhouse___atthecorneroftheroad.A.isbuildingB.isbeingbuiltC.beenbuiltD.bebuilding()9Thekey___onthetablewhenIleave.A.wasleftBillbeleftC.isleftD.hasbeenleft()10Doctors___ineverypartoftheworld.A.needB.areneedingC.areneededD.willneed()11Hisnewbook___nextmonth.A.willbepublishedB.ispublishingC.isbeingpublishedD.hasbeenpublished()12Japanese___ineverycountry.A.isnotspokenB.arespokenC.isspeakingD.isnotspeaking()13Thesepapers___yet.A.havenotwrittenB.havenotbeenwrittenC.hasnotwrittenD.hasnotbeenwritten()14Thesportsmeet___behelduntilnextweek.A.didn'tB.won'tC.isn'tD.doesn't()15-Myshoesarewornout.A.Can'ttheybemended?B.Letmehavealookatit.C.HowmuchdotheycostD.Can'ttheymended()16___thewatchbeenrepairedyet

Ibadlyneedit.

A.DoesB.HasC.IsD.Are()17___thesedesksbeneeded?

A.WillB.AreC.HasD.Do()18Why___totalkaboutityesterday?

A.didn'tameetingholdB.wasn'tameetingheldC.wasn'theldameetingD.ameetingwasn'theld()19Whowasthebook___

A.writeB.wroteC.writtenD.writtenby()20Where___theseboxesA.wasB.wereC.isD.am()21Theflowers___often.A.mustbewaterB.mustbewateredC.mustwateredD.mustwater()22Thebooksmay___fortwoweeks.A.bekeptB.beborrowedC.keepD.borrow()23Thebrokenbike____herebyMrSmith.A.canmendB.canmendedC.canbemendD.canbemended()24Theoldbridgeinmyhometown___nextmonth.A.isgoingtoberebuiltB.willrebuiltC.aregoingtoberebuiltD.aregoingtorebuilt()25Theplay___atthetheatrenextSunday.A.isgoingtobeshownB.willshownC.willshowD.isshown()26Theoldstonebridge___nextweek.A.isgoingtoberebuiltB.willberebuildC.aregoingtoberebuiltD.willrebuild()27Nowthesemagazines___inthelibraryforalongtime.A.havekeptB.arekeepingC.havebeenkeepingD.havebeenkept()28Thepot___for___hotwater.A.used;keepingB.wasused;keepingC.isused;tokeepD.areused;keep()29Tea___inthesouthofChina.A.growsB.isgrownC.weregrownD.willgrow()30Thebridges___twoyearsago.A.isbuiltB.builtC.werebuiltD.wasbuilt()31Wetclothesareoften___upnearafireinrainyweather.A.hangB.hangedC.hangingD.hung()32Theriversmellsterrible.Peoplemust___dirtythingsintoit.A.bestoppedtothrowB.bestoppedfromthrowingC.stoptothrowD.stopfromthrowing()33Theteapot___water.A.isfilledwithB.filledofC.fullingofD.filled()34Oldpeoplemustbelookedafterwelland___politely.A.speaktoB.spokenC.speakD.spokento()35Oldpeoplemust___.A.lookafterwellB.belookedwellafterC.lookedwellafterD.belookedafterwell()36Newly-bornbabies___inhospital.A.aretakengoodcareB.aretakengoodcareofC.takegoodcareofD.takegoodcare()37Theywere___atthesuddennoise.A.frighteningB.frightenedC.frightenD.frightens()38Thesewalls___stone.A.aremadeofB.madeofC.aremadeintoD.madeinto()39Jane___tosingusanAmericansonglastSaturday.A.calledB.wasaskedC.toldD.wassaid()40Thepapers___tothem.A.wereshownB.showC.shown/D.haveshown()41Thecoat___hersister.A.madetoB.weremadeforC.wasmadeforD.wasmadeto()42I___fiveminutestodecidewhetherIshouldgoornot.A.gaveB.wasgivingC.hadgivenD.wasgiven()43Goodcare____suchthings.A.shouldtakeofB.shouldbetakenC.shouldbetakingD.shouldbetakenof()44Shewill____goodcare____.A.take;ofB.betaken;ofC.take;foryouD.betaken;ofyou()45Theteachermadehim___hishomework.A.todoB.doC.didD.done()46Theboy___streetswithoutpayintheolddays.A.wasmadetocleanB.madecleanC.madetocleanD.wasmadeclean()47Thesechildren____dance.A.wereseentoB.wereseenforC.wereseenD.sawto()48Thesestones___well.A.arefittedB.fitC.fitD.isfitted()49Thebike___500yuan.A