被动语态 学案 高考英语语法复习

语法专题被动语态被动语态也很容易出现很多的陷阱题，是高中阶段英语学习的一个重点。1-21-2分。除外，在阅读理解中正确理解被动语态的含义也非常重要。许多课本及考试乃至实际应用中都常常涉及到被动语态。 被动语态的定义态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。【即学即练】请写出下面的句子是主动语态还是被动语态。1)Youarerequiredtodothis. 2)Thestorywastoldbyher. 3)Shehasreadthenovel. 4)Theproblemwillbediscussedtomorrow. 5)Theroadisbeingwidened. 6)Thenewtoolwasbeingmade. 7)Hesaidthatworkhadbeenfinished. 被动语态构成被动语态的构成：助动词be（或get）+过去分词，助动词be（或get）有时态，人称和数的变化。被动语态的形式：一般现在时：am/is/aredone一般过去时：was/weredone一般将来时：will/shallbedone过去将来时：wouldbedone现在进行时：am/is/arebeingdone过去进行时：was/werebeingdone现在完成时：has/havebeendone过去完成时：hadbeendone经典例句：=1\*GB3①Fastfoodisservedhere.这儿卖快餐。=2\*GB3②Thenewfilmwillbeshownnextweek.这部新电影将会在下周放映。=3\*GB3③Theconcerthasbeenputofftillnextweek.音乐会已经被推迟到下周了。何种情况下使用被动语态：当不知道或没有必要说出动作的执行者，或者动作本身更为重要时，动词使用被动语态。例：ToomuchbookshavebeenwrittenabouttheSecondWorldWar.关于第二次世界大战的书太多了。主动形式表被动意义：1.英语中有很多动词如break,catch,clean,drive,lock,open,sell,read,write,wash等当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时，常用其主动形式表达被动意义，主语通常是物。例：Thiskindofclothwasheswell.注意：主动语态表被动强调的是主语的特征，而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。试比较：Thedoorwon’tlock.（指门本身有毛病）Thedoorwon’tbelocked.（指不会有人来锁门,指“门没有锁”是人的原因）2.表示“发生、进行”的不及物动词和短语，如：happen,last,takeplace,breakout,comeout,comeabout,cometrue,runout,giveout,turnout等以主动形式表示被动意义。例：Howdothenewspaperscomeout?这些报纸是如何出来的呢？3.系动词没有被动形式,但有些表示感受、感官的连系动词feel,sound,taste,book,feel等在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。例：Yourreasonsoundsreasonable.练习题：单项选择（）1．TheOlympicGames___________everyfouryears.Aareheld Bwereheld C．areholding D．willho1d（）2.Intheartshow，alotoflaughter__toforeignfriendsbytheChinesepaintings．A．isgivingBwasgiven Cwillgive Dhasgive（）3.TodayChineseisbecomingmoreandmorepopular.It_________in.manyschoolsaroundtheworld.A.teaches B.isteaching C.hastaught D.istaught（）4.BaJin,oneofthegreatestwritersinChina,________as"People'sWriter".A.isregardedB.hasregardedC.isregardingD.regards（）5.Usuallycomputers_________tosearchtheInternet.A.useB.areusingC.areusedD.used（）6.--Doyouoftencleanyourclassroom?--Yes._________Ourclassroomeveryday.A.itcleans B.wearecleans C.weclean（）7.一DidyouhearthatwaterinTaiLakesmellsterrible?一Yes．Infact，it____.That'sallbecauseofthefactoriesaround．A．polluted Bwaspolluted Chaspolluted D．waspollute（）8.--Ourenvironmentisgettingworsethanbefore.--You'reright.ButthankstoEarthDay,people____moreandmoretoprotect(保护)theearth.hasdoneB.havedoneC.aredone（）9.IfeelveryhappythatI____tobethehost.Congratulations!A.ChooseB.amchosenC.waschosenD.havenchosen（）10.Manytreesandflowers______inourschoollastyear．A．plantB．plantedC．haveplantedD．wereplanted（）11.Somefamouspaintings__________inthehallnextweek.A.willshow B.wereshown C.isshown D.willbeshown（）12.Atalkondevelopmentsinscienceandtechnologyintheschoolhallnextweek.A.givenB.willbegivenC.hasbeengivenD.gives（）13.Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthiscity.Right.Manymoderntallbuildingshavebeen______thesedays.A.build B.building C.built D.arebuilt（）14.Twelve-year-oldshouldnottodriveinChina.A.allowB.beallowC.allowedD.beallowed（）I____i