中学学习社区-八上英语unit2grammar

OxfordEnglishGrammarSpeakupModule1AmazingthingsOxfordEnglishUnit

2Numbers*注意percent/percent均可inthe1970s/inthe1970’s均可two-thirds/twothirds均可many/severalthousands(hundreds)ofboys=many/severalthousand/hundredboysa≠baisnotequaltoba≈baapproximatelyequalstoba>baismorethanba<baislessthanbeverytwo/everysecondeverytwo…的意思是“每两个……”，后接复数名词。Hegetshomeleaveeverytwoyears.他每两年有一次探亲假。Youmusttakeyourmedicineeverytwohours.你得每两小时服药一次。Ihaveviolinlessonseverytwoweeks.我每两个星期上一次小提琴课。Theyareallexpectedtosendinawrittenreporteverytwomonths.他们每两个月都得交一份书面报告。2.everysecond…的意思是“每第二个……”，后接单数名词。Thenursecomeseverysecondday.护士每隔一天来一次。WemeeteverysecondTuesday.我们隔周星期二见面一次。从例句可以看出，everytwo和everysecond意思大致相同。另外，我们还可以说everyother…，意思也差不多。Writeoneveryotherline.请隔行写。WemeeteveryotherTuesday.我们隔周星期二见面一次。Iworkeveryotherday：Monday,WednesdayandFriday.我隔天上班：每周一，三，五。Readthenumbersaloud.Weusecardinalnumberstocountthings.Thekingputtwograinsonthesecondsquare.CardinalnumbersWeusecardinalnumberstocountthings.•Inthecardinalnumbers,wedonotadd-stohundred,___________and______________.•Withlargenumbers,weput______________betweenhundredandten.thousandmillionandComplete“Workouttherule”.1100-1900之间的整数可以用百(hundred)为单位表示。如：1300(thirteenhundred)Readthefollowingnumbers.2,53425,342253,4232,534,23325,342,330twothousandfivehundredandthirty-fourtwenty-fivethousandthreehundredandforty-twotwohundredandfifty-threethousandfourhundredandtwenty-threetwomillionfivehundredandthirty-fourthousandtwohundredandthirty-threetwenty-fivemillionthreehundredandforty-twothousandthreehundredandthirty一、基数词的用法基数词表示数量的多少，常用来谈论数目、时间等，其构成规则为：①0-12为基本单词；13-19为个位基数词后面加-teen，特殊的有thirteen,fifteen,eighteen；整十的基数词（除10外）在对应的一位数基数词后面加-ty，特殊的有twenty,thirty,forty,fifty,eighty。②“几十几”的十位数与个位数之间要用连字符“-”，如：23→twenty-three。③三位数须在百位数和十位数（若无十位数则和个位数）之间用and连接。如：439→fourhundredandthirty-nine,704→sevenhundredandfour。④当hundred,thousand,million,billion等词前面有具体数词修饰时，必须用单数。eighty-three

thousand,sixhundred

andninety-one。基数词在句中主要用作主语、宾语、定语、表语、同位语：ThirtyofthemarePartymembers.(主语)—Howmanywouldyoulike?—Three,please.(作宾语)ThenineboysarefromTianjin.(定语)Thenumberisten.(表语)Wefourwillgowithyou.(同位语)基数词一般用法2.表示“

几十”的基数词的复数形式可用来表示人的岁数或年代：Heisinhisearlythirties.Hediedstillinhis

forties.Thistookplaceinthe1930s.

inone’s+基数词“几十”复数inthe+基数词“几十”复数

3.表示时刻用基数词。表示“几点几分”可直接用基数词。sevenfifteen,eleventhirty,ninetwenty表示“几点几分”，还可用介词past，一般在半小时以内。tenpastten,aquarterpastnine,halfpasttwelve表示“几点差几分”，用介词to，一般在差半小时以内。twentytonine,five

toeight,aquarter

to

tenWeuseordinalnumberstoshowtheorderofthings.Readthenumbersaloud.Weformmostordinalnumbersbyadding__________tothecardinalnumbers.Thereareexceptions,likefirst,secondandthird.-thThekingputtwograinsonthesecondsquare.Ourflatisonthesixthfloor.OrdinalnumbersThestudentsarestandinginaline.Theyeachhaveanumber(from1to28).Fillintheblankswithcardinalnumbersontheleftandordinalnumbersontheright.first2thirdfourthtwelfth19twenty-thirdtwenty-eighth二、序数词的用法★序数词表示数目的顺序，常用来谈论日期、楼层、位置等。其构成规则为：①“第一”、“第二”、“第三”比较特殊，分别为：first,second,third。②“第四”至“第十九”一般在对应的基数词后面加-th构成，特殊的有fifth,eighth,ninth,twelfth。③整十（除10外）序数词的构成方法是将基数词词尾的y变为ie，再加-th，如：twentieth,fortieth。④两位或两位以上的基数词变成序数词时，仅将个位数变成序数词即可：twenty-one→twenty-first。1.序数词主要用作定语,前面要加定冠词。Thefirsttruckiscarryingbaskets.Johnlivesonthefifteenthfloor.2.序数词有时前面可加不定冠词来表示“再一”，“又一”这样的意思。We’llhavetodoitasecondtime.We’vetrieditthreetimes.Mustwetryitafourthtime?序数词一般用法1.可以用定冠词加序数词加世纪century表示，也可以用定冠词加百位进数加’s表示thesixth(6th)century公元六世纪theeighteenth(18th)century公元十八世纪the1900’s二十世纪

the1600’s十七世纪

这里，用百位数整数表示的世纪比这一百位阿拉伯数字本身多一个世纪。世纪的表达2.年代用定冠词及基数词表示的世纪加十位整数的复数形式构成

inthe1930’s在二十世纪三十年代读法：inthethirtiesofthetwentiethcentury或inthenineteenthirties)在十九世纪六十年代inthe1860’s(inthesixtiesofthe19thcentury或intheeighteensixties)3.表示某年代的早期、中期和晚期，可以在定冠词后，年代前添加early，mid-，late;

intheearly1920’s在二十世纪二十年代早期

inthemid-1950’s在二十世纪五十年代中期世纪的表达1.年份用基数词表示，一般写为阿拉伯数字，读时可以以hundred为单位，也可以以世纪、年代为单位分别来读。

1949读作nineteenhundredandforty-nine

或nineteenforty-nine

1800读作eighteenhundred

253读作twohundredandfifty-three

或twofifty-three

1902读作nineteenhundredandtwo

或nineteenotwo

表示在哪一年，一般在年数前加介词in，使用year时，year放在数词之前。

intheyeartwofifty-threeB.C.在公元前253年

但是，通常采用in加表示年份的阿拉伯数字:in2010

年月日的表达2.月份inMay在五月；inJuly在七月。为了简便，月份与日期连用时常用缩写形式表示。缩写形式除May，June，July外，其它的月份都由其前三个字母表示，但September除外。

January——Jan．一月February——Feb．二月

March——Mar.三月April——Apr．四月

August——Aug．八月September——Sept.九月

October——Oct．十月

November——Nov．十一月

December——Dec．十二月

注：这里缩写形式后面加点不能省略，因为它是表示缩写形式的符号。

年月日的表达3.日期用定冠词the加序数词表示,用介词on。NationalDayisonOct.1.国庆节是十月一日。[读作Octoberthefirst]此句也可以表示为

NationalDayisonthe1stofOctober．May5五月五日[读作Maythefifth]也可以表示为thefifth[5th]ofMayMar.1(st)三月一日读作Marchthefirst或thefirstofMarch年月日的表达Instructionsaboutnumbersadd…and…subtract…from…multiply…by…divide…by…InstructionsaboutnumbersWecanuseequalsoristoexpress“=”.ThingstorememberPlusandminusareprepositions.Instructionsaboutnumbers祈使句“主-系-表”结构A+BAddAandB.AplusBequals/is…

A-BSubtractBfromA.AminusBequals/is…A×BMultiplyAbyB.AmultipliedbyBequals/is…A÷BDivideAbyB.AdividedbyBequals/is…2+5=72

plus5equals/is7.Add2and/to5,andyouhave/get7.

plusprep.

加；加上addv.

加起来,添加(=putamounttogethertogetatotal)AddAand/toB,andyouwillgetC.AplusBequals/isC.

Instructionsaboutnumbers12-3=9.12minus3equals/is9.Subtract3from12,andyouhave/get9.3subtractedfrom12is/equals9.Ifyousubtract3from12,youhave/get9.minusprep.减去subtractv.提取，减去(takeonenumberawayfromanother)SubtractAfromB,andyouwillgetC.AminusBequals/isC.2×3=6.2times3is/equals6.Multiply2by3,andyouget6.2multipliedby3equals/is6.Ifyoumultiply2by3,youhave/get6.timesprep.乘以multiplyv.乘,乘以……(addanumbertoitselfanumberoftimes)MultiplyAbyB,andyouwillgetC.AmultipliedbyBequals/isC.AtimesBequals/isC.30÷6=530dividedby6equals/is5.Divide30by6,andyouget5.Ifyoudivide30by6,youhave/get5.dividev.除(findouthowmanytimesonenumberiscontainedinanother)DivideAbyB,andyouwillgetC.AdividedbyBequals/isC.Inpairs,completethesentenceslikethoseinTableIandTableII.Instructionsaboutnumbers1S1:A________11______1.S2:______p____________equals/is______.()2S1:S________5______13.S2:______m______________equals/is______.()3S1:M________7______8.S2:____m________by______equals/is______.()4S1:D________16______4.S2:______d________by______equals/is______.()5S1:A________9______6.S2:______p______________equals/is______.()6S1:A________14and4andd______theanswerby2.S2:____p______________andd______theanswerby______equals/is______.()ddand11lus11211+1=12ubtractfrom13inus5813-5=8ultiplyby7ultiplied8567×8=56i