生态学词汇总结原版

生态学词汇总结bsolutereproductivevalue绝对生殖值abundance多度abyssalzone深海带acclimation驯化accumulationhorizon淀积层aestivation夏眠agestructure年龄结构age-specificlifetable特定年龄生命表agroecosystem农业生态系统alleles等位基因allelochemic异种信息素/种间外激素Allen’srule阿伦法则allogenicsuccession异发演替allopatricspeciation异域性物种altruism利他行为asexualreproduction无性生殖associationgroup群丛组associationtable群丛表associationunittheory群丛单位理论association群丛associations群丛Autecology个体生态学autogenicsuccession自发演替autotrophs自养生物Acidprecipitation酸沉降Acidrain酸雨Agriculturaleco-engineering农业生态工程Agriculturalecology,agroecology农业生态学Agriculturaleconomicalzoning农业经济区位Agriculturalresources农业资源Agroecosystem农业生态系统Agroforestry农林业系统Allee’sprinciple阿利氏群聚原则Allelochemicals化感物质Allelopathy化感作用Artificialauxiliaryenergy人工辅助能Artificialdirectregulation人工直接调控Artificialinformationflow人工信息流Auxiliaryenergy辅助能balancingselectionhypothesize平衡说basalarea底面积Bergman’srule贝格曼规律bethalzone半深海带biocoenosis生物群落bioconcentration生物浓缩biologicalenrichment生物富集biomagnification生物放大biomass生物量biome生物带bionomicstrategy生态对策biosphere生物圈Biodynamicagriculture生物动力农业Biogecochemicalcycle生物地球化学循环Biologicalagriculture生物农业Biologicalcontrol生物防治Biologicalenergysubsidies生物辅助能Biologicaloxygendemand(BOD)生化需氧量（生化耗氧量）Biomass生物量Bionomicstrategies生态对策Biologicalmicro-cycle生物小循环bottleneck瓶颈C3plantC3植物C4plantC4植物CAMplantCAM植物Capitalflow资金流Carryingcapacity环境容纳量Chemicalecology化学生态学Chemicaloxygendemand(COD)化学耗氧量ChineseEcologicalAgriculture中国生态农业Climax顶极群落Coase’stheory高斯理论Coevolution协同进化Commensalisms偏利作用Community群落Competition竞争Competitionexclusionprinciple竞争排斥原理Componentsstructure组分结构Controlledavailabilityfertilizers,CAFs控效肥料Cropproductivitypotential作物生产潜力cannibalism同种相食carnivores食肉动物carringcapacity负荷量catastrophic灾难性因素chamaephytes(Ch)地上芽植物characterdisplacement特征替代cheliophytes阴性植物climateclimax气候顶级climateschool气候学派climaxcommunity顶级群落climax顶级群落cline渐变群closedcommunity封闭群落clumped集群分布coadaptedsystem协同适应系统coarsegrained粗粒性分布co-dynamics相互动态co-evolution协同进化cohort同生群colddesert冷荒漠colonization定居,建群coloration色泽communitiesinlittoralzone沿岸生物群落communitiesinthelimneticzone湖沼带生物群落communitiesintheprofundalzone深水带生物群落Communityecology群落生态学communitymatrix群落矩阵communityorganization群落组织community群落companionspecies伴生种compen-satorypredation补偿性捕食competitioncoefficient竞争系数competitionhypothesis竞争假说competitiveexclusion竞争排除competivelottery抽彩式竞争conservation保守主义者conspicuousness显著度constancy恒有度contestcompetition干扰竞争contesttypeofcompetition争夺型竞争continentalrise大陆隆continentalshelf大陆架continentalslope大陆坡convergentadaptation趋同适应convergentoscillation趋同波动costofgenerecombination基因重组价costofmating交配价costofmeiosis减数分裂价courtshipbehavior求偶行为coverage盖度crudedensity原始密度cryptophytes(Cr)隐芽植物Decomposer分解者Desertification土地沙漠化Detritusfoodchain腐食食物链decomposition分解作用delayeddensitydependence延后密度制约densityeffect密度效应densityratio密度比density-dependent密度制约density-independent非密度制约deterministicmodel决定模型detrialfoodchain碎食物链detritusfeeder食碎生物development发育diagrammaticlifetable图解式生命表diapause滞育differentialspecies区别种diffusecompetition分散竞争diominant-submissive支配—从属directionalselection定向选择discretegeneration离散世代disruptiveselection分裂选择disturbanceclimax/disclimax偏途顶级divergentoscillation趋异波动dominance优势度dominantspecies建群种dominantspecies优势种dominant-submissive支配—从属关系drydesert干荒漠dynamicclassification动态分类系统dynamiclifetable动态生命表dynamic-compositelifetable动态混合生命表earthnucleus地幔earth’scrust地核Ecologicalamplitude生态幅ecologicaldensity生态密度ecologicaldominance生态优势ecologicalenvironment生态环境ecologicalequivalent生态等值种ecologicalfactor生态因子ecologicalforce生态力ecologicalinvasion生态入侵ecologicalnatality生态出生率ecologicalrelease生态释放Ecology生态学ecosystemdevelopment生态系统的发育Ecosystemecology生态系统生态学ecosystem生态系统ecotonehypothesis生态交错带假说ecotype生态型ectotherm外温动物edgeeffect边缘效应eitolationphenomenon黄化现象emergy能值emigration迁出endogenousmigration内因性迁移endotherm内温动物environmenthormone环境激素environment环境equilibriumtheory平衡理论euphoticzone透光带euryecious广栖的euryhaline广盐性的euryhydric广水性的euryphagic广食性的eurythermal广温性的eurytopicspecies广适种eutrophication富营养化evergreenhardwoodforest常绿硬材林Evolutionecology进化生态学evolutionforce进化力exogenousmigration外因性迁移exploitivecompetition利用竞争exponetialgrowth指数增长Eco-economicalzoning生态经济区位Ecologicalagriculture生态农业Ecologicalagriculturemodel(pattern)生态农业模式Ecologicaldensity生态密度Ecologicaleffect生态效益Ecologicalefficiency生态效率Ecologicalfactor生态因子Ecologicalengineering生态工程Ecologicalpyramid生态金字塔（生态锥体）Ecologicalsuccession演替Ecologicalsustainability生态持续性Ecology生态学Economiceffect经济效益Economicexternality经济外部性Ecosystem生态系统Ecotone群落交错区（生态交错区）Ecotope景观元素（生态点）Ecotype生态型Edgeeffect边缘效应Embodiedenergy内含能Emergentpropertyofsystem系统的整合特性Energy能值Energyanalysis能流分析Energyflowchart能流图Energyflowpath能流路径Energyflowstructure能流结构Energyflowing能量流Entropy熵Eutrophication富营养化Exponentialgrowthform种群指数增长模式Externalbenefit收益外泄Externalcost成本外摊Feedback反馈作用Firstlawofthermodynamics热力学第一定律Fishpond-dikesystem基塘系统Flow流Foodchain食物链Foodchainstructure食物链结构Foodweb食物网Freeenergy自由能Firstlawofresourceseconomic资源经济学第一定律Functionalcomponentadundence功能组分冗余facultativeparthenogenesis孤雌生殖facultativeparthenogenesis兼性孤雌生殖facultative兼性因素familyselection家庭选择farmlandecosystem农田生态系统fecundityschedule生育力表fecundity生育力feedback反馈feedingniches取食生态位filterfood滤食性生物finegrained细粒性分布finiterateofincrease周限增长率fitness合适度floristic-structuralclassification植物区系—结构分类系统fluctuation波动foodchain食物链formationgroup群系组formation群系formation植物群系foundationalniche基础生态龛freshwaterecology淡水生态学freshwaterecosystem淡水生态系统functionresponse功能反应gameteselection配子选择gaps缺口gaseouscycle气体循环gengpool基因库geographicvariation地理变异geographicaltheoryofspeciation物种形成geometricgrowth几何级数增长geophytes(G)地下芽植物globalecology全球生态gradienthypothesis梯度假说grain粒性grazer牧食生物grazingfoodchain捕食食物链greenhouseeffect温室效应gregarizationpheromone聚集信息素grossprimaryproduction总初级生产力groupselection群体选择groupselection群体选择groupselection群选择growthform生长型guild同资源团habalzone深渊带habitat生境heath石楠群丛height高度hemicryptophytes(He)地面芽植物herbivore植食herbivores植食动物heterotrophicsuccession异养演替heterotrophs异养生物hibernation冬眠homeostasis内稳态homeostasis自调节稳态homeostaticorganism内稳态生物homeostaticprocess内稳定过程humandemography人口统计学Humanecology人类生态学humus腐殖质hydrarchsuccession水生演替hydrosere水生演替系列immigration迁入importancevalue重要值individualconverserate个体转化率industrialmelanism工业黑化现象innercapacityincrease内禀增长力inner-environment内环境instantaneousrateofincrease瞬间增长率intensity强度interferencecompetition干扰竞争interferencecompetition干扰竞争intermediatedisturbancehypothesis中度干扰假说internaldistributionpattern内分布型interspecficrelationship种间关系intertidalzone潮间带intraspecificrelationship种内关系inverselydensitydependent反密度制约Islandecology岛屿生态学iteroparity多次繁殖生物iteroparous多次生殖Jordan’srule约丹定律keystonespecies关键种kinselection亲属选择kinselection亲属选择k-strategistsk-策略者landcover土地覆盖landuse土地利用Landscapeecology景观生态学lawofconstantfinalyield最后产量衡值法则lawoftheminimum最小因子法则lawoftolerance耐受性法则layer层leachedlayer淋溶层leafareaindex叶面积指数leafareaindex（LAS）叶面积指数lenticecosystem静水生态系统lifecycle生活周期lifeexpectancy生命期望lifeformspectrum生活型谱lifeform生活型lifehistorystrategy生活史对策lifehistory生活史lifespan生活年限lifetime寿命limitoftolerance忍受性限度littoralzone沿岸带loticecosystem流水生态系统macroclimate大气候macrofauna大型生物Marineecology海洋生态学marineecosystem海洋生态系统maximumnatality最大出生率maximumsustainedyield最大持续生产量megafauna巨型生物mexofauna中型生物microclimate小气候microcolony微菌落microcommunities小群落micro-ecosystem微生态系统micro-environment微环境microfauna小型生物microplankton小型浮游生物migration迁徙migration迁移modularorganism构件生物modules构件Molecularecology分子生态学monoclimaxtheory单元演替顶级monocultute单种养殖monogamy单配偶制monpohagous单食性monsoonforest季风林mortalitycurve死亡曲线mortality死亡率mosaic镶嵌性natality出生率n-dimensionalnichen维生态龛negativefeedback负反馈netprimaryproduction(GP)净初级生产力neutralitycontroversy中性说论战nichecompression生态位压缩nicheseparation生态位分离nicheshift生态位分离niche生态位non-equilibriumtheory非平衡理论non-homeostaticorganism非内稳态生物obioticcomponent非生物成分ocean-current洋流ohortlifetable同群生命表omnivores杂食动物opencommunity开放群落openshrublands稀疏灌丛opportunist机会主义者ordination排序ornamentation修饰panclimax泛顶级pantropical泛热带区parabiosphere副生物圈parasites寄生生物parasitoidism拟寄生parentmaterial母质层parentalcare亲代关怀parentalinvestment亲本投资patchiness斑块性percapitagrowthrate每员增长率perclimax前顶级peritrophicmycorrhizae周边营养性菌根phanerophytes(Ph)高位芽植物phenotype表现型photoperiodism光周期现象phyplankton浮游植物physiognomy外貌Physiologicalecology生理生态学physiologicalnatality生理出生率phytochrom色素pioneercommunity先锋群落pjarapatricspeciation邻域性物种plankon浮游生物Poissiondistribution泊松分布polyandry一雌多雄制polyclimaxtheory多元顶级理论polygamy多配偶制polygyny一雄多雌制polymorphism多型现象polyphagous多食性的Populationecology种群生态学population种群porosity粒间空隙positivefeedback正反馈postclimax超顶级predation捕食者predator捕食者presentreproductivevalue当年繁殖价值prevailclimax优势顶级prey猎物prezygoticmechanism合子前隔离primaryproduction初级生产primarysuccession初级演替primarysuccession原生演替principleofallocation分配原理principleofcompetitiveexclusion竞争互斥原理productionrate生产率production生产量productivity生产力progressivesuccession进展演替protogynoushermaphriodism雌雄同体pyramidofenergy能量金字塔radiationadaptation趋异适应random随机分布rarespecies偶见种reactiontimelag反应滞时reactivespecies反映性物种realizednatality实际出生率realizednick实际生态龛regressivesuccession逆行演替relativefrequency相对频度relativereproductivevalue相对生殖值reproductioneffect生殖成效reproductivecost繁殖成本reproductivepattern生殖格局reproductivetimelag生殖滞时reproductivevalue生殖值residualreproductivevalue剩余繁殖价值resilientstability恢复稳定性resistantstability抵抗稳定性Restorationecology恢复生态学richness丰度r-kcontinuumofstrategiesr-k策略连续系统r-strategistsr-策略者saprovores食腐者savannawoodland热带稀树草原林地scavenger食腐者sciophytes阳性植物scramblecompetition利用竞争scrambletypeofcompetition分摊型竞争secondarymetabolites次生代谢物质secondaryproduction次级生产力secondarysuccession次生演替secondary次级演替sedimentarycycle沉积循环selectivefertilization选择受精self-destructive自我破坏semelparity一次繁殖生物semelparous一次生殖sexratio性比sexualdimorphism雌雄二形现象sexualreproduction有性生殖sexualselection性选择sexualselection性选择shadeplants耐阴性植物Shannon-Weinerindex香农—威纳指数sieveselectionhypothesis筛选说similarity相似度Simpson’sdiversityindex辛普森多样性指数socialgroup社群socialhierarchy社会等级social-economic-naturalcomplexecosystem社会--经济--自然复合系统solaremergy太阳能值solaremjoules太阳能焦耳solartransformity太阳能值转换率spatialpattern空间格局specialheterogeneity空间异质性speciation物种形成speciesareacurve物种面积曲线speciesdiversity物种多样性speciesevennessorequitability种的均匀度speciesheterogeneity种的不齐性speciesturnoverrate种的周转率spore