商务英语专业四级考试术语解释

商务英语专业四级考试术语解释globalcompany:跨国公司--acompanythatintegratesitsinternationalbizactivities--Amultinationalcorporationormultinationalenterpriseisanorganization,thatownedorcontrolsproductionsofgoodsorservicesinoneormorecountriesotherthanthehomecountry.（维基百科）jointventure:合资企业--apartnershipthatisformedbytwoormorepartiescooperatinginsomespecialbizactivities.abusinessorprojectinwhichtwoormorecompaniesorindividualshaveinvested,withtheintentionofworkingtogether.（柯林斯词典）merger&acquisition:并购--combiningoftwoormoreentitiesthroughthedirectacquisitionbythenetassetsoftheother.transactionsinwhichtheownershipofcompanies,otherbusinessorganizationsortheiroperatingunitsaretransferredorcombined.distributionchannel:分销渠道；销售渠道--alltheorganizationsandpeopleinvolvedinthephysicalmovementofgoodsandservicesfromproducertoconsumer.listedcompany:上市公司--acompanywhoseshareshavebeenquotedbytheStockExchange.Apubliccompany,publiclytradedcompany,publiclyheldcompany,publiclyApubliccompany,publiclytradedcompany,publiclyheldcompany,publiclylistedcompanyorpubliccorporationisacorporationwhoseownershipisdispersedamongthegeneralpublicinmanysharesofstockwhicharefreelytradedonastockexchangeorinoverthecountermarkets.（维基百科）Industrialcomplex:工业生产基地--amanufacturingareathatconsistsofmanydifferentfactoriesturningoutdifferentproducts.dn:品牌认知（度；品牌识别--aproductorproductsthathasorhavebeenrecognizedandappreciatedbylocalconsumers.specialtyshop:专卖店--anoutletthatdealsinorsellsaparticularlineofproducts.householdname家喻户晓的名字--abrand,person,company,etc.thatisknowntoallorverypopularinaplace.loss-maker:亏损企业--abizthatcontinuallymakesnoprofit.homecountry:祖国，母国--thecountryonwhichamultinationalcorporation’sHQsisbased.quota:配额，定额，限额--arestrictiononthequantityofimportsofaparticularproductthatacountryimpose.marketeconomy市场经济--aneconomyinwhichthemarketisusedtodetermineresourceallocation,prices,andinvestments.neweconomy:新经济--adifferentformofeconomythatismainlysupportedbyITsectorandcharacterizedbyknowledge-basedeconomyinsteadofmanufacturing.--aneconomicsystemthatisbasedoncomputersandmoderntechnology,andisthereforedependentoneducatedworkers.（朗文词典）laborforce:劳动力--allofthepeopleinacountryorinaregionthatareemployedorarelikelytobeemployedinthefuture.bubbleeconomy:--an economythat primarily depends on banking, financial marketand transientoperation.venturecapital:风险资本--fundsthatareinvestedinnewplantsorhi-techstartupsopentolargeriskofloss.Venturecapitaliscapitalthatisinvestedinprojectsthathaveahighriskoffailure,butthatwillbringlargeprofitsiftheyaresuccessful.（柯林斯词典）bizcycle:商业周期--Aperiodoftimethatabizgoesthroughconsistsoffourstages---boom繁荣,recession衰退,depression萧条,recovery复苏.stockmarket:股票交易；证券市场，股票市场--astockexchangethatdealsinstocksandshares.--thebusinessofbuyingandsellingstocksandshares.--aplacewherestocksandsharesareboughtandsold.（朗文词典）productlifecycle:产品生命周期--atheorystatingthatcertainkindsofproductsgothroughacycleconsistingoffourstages,namely,introduction投入期,growth成长期,maturity饱和期anddecline衰退期.Seedmoney=seedcapital启动资金--theinitialequitycapital股本usedtostartanewventureorbiz.themoneyyouhaveavailabletostartanewbusiness.（朗文词典）liquidity流动资产--availablecashorthecapacitytoobtainitondemand.--Infinance,acompany'sliquidityistheamountofcashorliquidassetsithaseasilyavailable.资产折现力exchangerate汇率--theamountofonecurrencythatcanbeboughtwithanother.thevalueofthemoneyofonecountrycomparedtothemoneyofanothercountry。multinationalcompany跨国公司--averylargeorganizationthatownscompaniesinmorethanonecountryinordertoobtainlow-costrawmaterialsandmakeefficientuseofalocalworkforce.moneymarket货币市场，金融市场--theinstitutionsandpracticesthroughwhichshort-termfundsarechanneledtoborrowersandentrepreneurs.--Acountry'smoneymarketconsistsofallthebanksandotherorganizationsthatdealwithshort-termloans,capital,andforeignexchange.（柯林斯词典）--allthebanksandotherinstitutionsthatbuy,sell,lend,orborrowmoney,especiallyforeignmoney,forprofit.（朗文词典）collateral担保物，抵押品--propertyoranitemofvalueacceptableassecurity抵押品foraloanorotherobligation.被接受作为抵押或其他义务担保的财产propertyorothergoodsthatyoupromisetogivesomeoneifyoucannotpaybackthemoneytheylendyou.（朗文词典）Dow-JonesIndustrialAverage道琼斯工业平均指数--anindexofthesharepricesquotedontheNewYorkStockExchangeforagroupof30leadingindustrialcompanies.Bluechip蓝筹股，优质股票--astockthatsellsathighpricebecauseofpublicconfidenceinitslongrecordofsteadyearnings.Nasdaq:纳斯达克--nationalassociationofsecuritiesdealersautomatedquotations.全国证券交易商自动报价系统协会TheNasdaqStockMarketisanAmericanstockexchange.Itisthesecond-largestexchangeintheworldbymarketcapitalization,behindonlytheNewYorkStockExchangelocatedinthesamecity.（维基百科）(insurancepolicy保险单--theprintedlegaldocumentstatingthetermsofinsurancecontractthatisissuedtothepolicyholder投保人bycompanypublicrelations公共关系，公关--PR,theactivityofkeepinggoodrelationshipsbetweenanorganizationandthepeopleoutsideit.depression:萧条，不景气--aperiodofdrasticdeclineinanationalorinternationaleconomy,characterizedbydecreasingbizactivity,fallingprices,andunemployment.国家（或国际）经济不景气的一段时期，其特征是商业活动减少、价格下降、失业。Tradedeficit贸易赤字--importsminusexportsofgoodsandservices.Speculation投机--engagementsinriskybiztransactionsonthechancesofquickorconsiderableprofitValueaddedtax增值税--anindirecttaximposedonconsumptionthatisreflectiveoftheincremental增值的increasesonthevalueofgoodsthroughthechainofproduction,fromtherawmaterialphasetofinalconsumption.Fairtrade公平贸易--tradethatconformstoafair-tradeagreementSubsidy补贴--apaymentorcontributionpaidforthemanufacture,production,orexportofagoodorproduct.--financialbenefitdirectorindirectfromgovernmenttoproducersorexporters.Rebate减税，折扣--adeductionfromanamounttobepaidorareturnofpartofanamountgiveninpayment.taxexemption免税--thefreedomforhavingtopaytaxFDI外国直接投资--thefundscommittedtoaforeignenterprise. Aninvestorwhobuys10percentormoreofthecontrollingsharesofaforeignenterprisemakesadirectinvestment.Theinvestormaygainpartialortotalcontroloftheenterprise.freetrade自由贸易--tradebetweennationswithoutprotectivecustomstariff.tariff关税--dutiesoradutyimposedbyagovernmentonimportedorexportedgoods.globalization全球化--theincreasingworldwideintegrationofmarketsforgoods,servicesandcapitalthatattractedspecialattentioninthelate1990s.anti-dumpingduty反倾销税--tariffleviedondumpedimports.tradebarrier贸易壁垒--anybarrierthatmayimpedetheimportofgoods,suchasquota,testingorcertification.importsubstitution进口替代--astrategywhichemphasizesthereplacementofimportswithdomesticallymadegoods,ratherthantheproductionofgoodsforexport,toencouragethedevelopmentofdomesticindustry.arbitration仲裁--theprocessbywhichthepartiestoadisputesubmittheirdifferencestothejudgmentofanimpartialpersonoragroupappointedbymutualconsentorstatutory指定条款）balancesheet,B.S.--afinancialstatementthatreportstheassetsandequitiesofacompanyataparticulartime.一个公司或机构在指定日期的资产、负债和所有者投资的列表说明。return收益--aprofitoryield,asfromlabororinvestment.cashflow现金流--Thecashreceiptsornetincomefromoneormoreassetsforagivenperiod,reckonedaftertaxesandotherdisbursements,andoftenusedasameasureofcorporateworth.额外所得的现金收入或净收入，常用来衡量公司的价值labor-intensive劳动密集型--requiringorhavingalargeexpenditureoflaborincomparisontocapitalnetearnings净收益，净盈利--ductivity生产力--therateatwhichgoodsorservicesareproduced,especiallyoutputperunitoflabor.marketshare市场份额--theproportionoftotalsalesvolumesofacertainmarketthatacompanycaptures.workforce劳动力,工人总数:thegroupofpeoplewhoworkinanindustry,companycountry.incomedisparity:inequalityinincomedistribution.equitycommonstockandpreferredstockwhichrepresentownershiptoabizorganizationoutsource:tofarmout(work,forexample)toanoutsideproviderormanufacturerinordertocutcost.（如工作）包给外界的供应者或生产者leadtime订货至交货的时间--theperiodoftimebetweentheactualorderingofpartsorequipmentandthedeliveryofthem.acquisition收购--whenacompanytakesoveranotheroneandclearlybecomesthenewowner,thepurchaseiscalledanacquisition,alsocalledtakeoverorbuyout.initialpublicoffering(IPO)首次公开发行--privatecompany’sfirstofferofitsstocktothepublicmerger合并--theunionorcombinationoftwoormorecommercialinterestsorcorporations.liquiditysqueeze流动性短缺，头寸紧张--financialpressurecausedbyshortagesofnarrowingeconomicmargins.--areductioninthegeneralavailabilityofloans(orcredit)orasuddentighteningoftheconditionsrequiredtoobtainaloanfromthebanks.（维基百科）reverse)--itisaspecialkindofacquisitionthatenablesaprivatecompanytogetpublicly-listedinarelativelyshort