2018年高考英语全国卷1试题及答案-word精校版完整版

2018年高考英语全国卷 1试题及答案第一部分听力（共两节，满分30做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。 录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。笫一节（共5小题：每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。 每段对话仅读一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.49.15. B.妁.18. C.215.WhatwillJamesdotomorrow?A.WatchaTVprogram.B.Giveatalk.C.Writeareport.Whatcanwesayaboutthewoman?A.She'sgenerous.She'scurious.C.She'shelpful.Whendoesthetrainleave?A.At6:30.B.At8:30. C.At10:30.Howdoesthewomangotowork?A.Bycar. B.Onfoot.C.Bybike.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Classmates.B.Teacherandstudent.C.Doctorandpatient.第二节（共15小题：每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白，每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题， 每小题5秒钟：听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。Whatdoesthewomanregret?A.Givingupherresearch.B.Droppingoutofcollege.C.Changinghermajor.Whatisthewomaninterestedinstudyingnow?A.Ecology.B.Education.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。Whatistheman?A.Ahotelmanager.B.Atourguide.C.AtaxidriverWhatisthemandoingforthewoman?LookingforsomeShowingheraroundtheSeaside.Offeringinformationaboutahotel.听第8段材料，问答第10至12题。Wheredocstheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Inanoffice.B.Aihome.C.Atarestaurant.Whatwillthespeakersdotomorrowevening?A.Gotoaconcert.B.Visitafriend.C.Workextrahours.WhoisAlicegoingtocall?A.Mike.B.Joan.C.Catherine.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。Whydoesthewomanmeettheman?A.Tolookatanapartment.B.Todeliversomefurniture.C.Tohaveamealtogether.Whatdoesthewomanlikeaboutthecarpet?A.Itscolor.B.Itsdesign.C.Itsquality.Whatdoesthemansayaboutthekitchen?A.It'sagoodsize.B.It'snewlypainted.C.Itsadequatelyequipped.Whatwillthewomanprobablydonext?A.Godowntown.B.Talkwithherfriend.C.Makepayment.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。Whoisthespeakerprobablytalkingto?A.Moviefans.B.Newsreporters.C.Collegestudents.WheredoesthespeakertakeEnglishclasses?A.Beforehelefthishometown.B.AfterhecametoAmerica.C.Whenhewas15yearsold.Howdocsthespeakerfeelabouthisteacher?A.He'sproud.B.He'ssympathetic. C.He'sgrateful.Whatdoesthespeakermaintalkabout?A.Howeducationshapedhislife.B.Howhislanguageskillsimproved.C.Howhemanagedhisbusinesswell.第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)第一节(共15小题：每小题2分，满分36分)阅读下列短文，从所给的 A.B.C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项.AWashington,D.C.BicycleToursCherryBlossomBikeTourinWashington,D.C.Duration:3hoursThissmallgroupbiketourisafantasticwaytoseetheworld-famouscherrytreeswithbeautifulflowersofWashington,D.C.Yourguidewillprovideahistorylessonaboutthetreesandthefamousmonumentswheretheyblossom.Reserveyourspotbeforeavailability-andthecherryblossoms-disappear!WashingtonCapita!MonumentsBicycleTourDuration:3hours(4miles)JoinaguidedbiketourandviewsomeofthemostpopularmonumentsinWashington,D.C.ExplorethemonumentsandmemorialsontheNationalMallasyourguidesharesuniquefactsandhistoryateachstop.Guidedtourincludesbike,helmet,cookiesandbottledwater.CapitalCityBikeTourinWashington,D.C.Duration:3hoursMorningorAfternoon,thisbiketouristheperfecttourforD.C.newcomersandlocalslookingtoexperienceWashington,D.C.inahealthywaywithminimumeffort.KnowledgeableguideswillentertainyouwiththemostinterestingstoriesaboutPresidents.Congress,memorials,andparks.Comfortablebikesandasmoothlourroute{路线}makecyclingbetweenthesitesfunandrelaxing.WashingtonCapitalSitesatNightBicycleTourDuration:3hours(7miles)JoinasmallgroupbikelourforaneveningofexplorationintheheartofWashington,D.C.Getupcloseto(hemonumentsandmemorialsasyoubikethesitesofCapitolHillandtheNationalMall.Frequentslopsaremadeforphototakingasyourguideoffersunique（actsandhistory.Tourincludesbike,helmet,andbottledwater.Allridersareequippedwithreflectivevestsandsafetylights.Whichtourdoyouneedtobookinadvance?A.CherryBlossomBikeTourinWashington,D.C.B.WashingtonCapitalMonumentsBicycleTour.C.CapitalCityBikeTourinWashington.D.C.D.WashingtonCapitalSitesatNightBicycleTour.WhatwillyoudoontheCapitalCityBikeTour?A.Meetfamouspeople. B.Gotoanationalpark.C.Visitwell-knownmuseums.D.enjoyinterestingstories.Whichofthefollowingdoesthebicycletouratnightprovide?A.Citymaps.B.Cameras.C.Meals.D.Safetylights.BGoodMorningBritain'sSusannaReidisusedtogrillingguestsonthesofaeverymorning,butsheiscookingupastorminherlatestrole-showingfamilieshowtopreparedeliciousandnutritiousmealsonatightbudget.InSaveMoney:GoodFood,shevisitsadifferenthomeeachweekandwiththehelpofchefMattTebbuttoffersloptipsonhowtoreducefoodwaste,whilepreparingrecipesforunder5per £familyaday.AndtheGoodMorningBritainpresentersaysshenabletoputdlostbewhatshe'slearntintopracticeinherownhome,preparingmealsforsons,Sam,14,Finn,13,andJack,11.“WeloveMexicanchurros,soIbuythemonmyphonefrommylocalMexicantakeawayrestaurant,,,sheexplains."Ipay5foraportion（—份）,butMattmakesthemfor26paportion,becausetheyarcflour,water,sugarandoil.Everybodycanbuytakeawayfood;butsometimeswe'renotawarehowcheaplywecanmakethisfoodourselves."Theeight-partseries（系列节目）,SaveMoney:GoodFoodsfollowsinthefootstepsofITV'sSaveMonty:GoodHealth,whichgaveviewersadviceonhowtogelvaluefromthevastrangeofhealthproductsonthemarket.Withfoodourbiggestweeklyhouseholdexpense,SusannaandMaltspendtimewithadifferentfamilyeachweek.Intonight'sEasterspecialthetochmaidofafamilyinneedofsomedeliciousinspirationonabudget.Theteamtransformsthefamily'slongweekendofcelebrationwithlessexpensivebutstilltastyrecipes.WhatdoweknowaboutSusannaReid?A.Sheenjoysembarrassingherguests.B.Shehasstartedanewprogramme.C.Shedislikesworkingearlyinthemorning.D.Shehashadatightbudgetforherfamily.HowdocsMattTebbutthelpSusanna?A.Hebuyscookingmaterialsforher. B.Hepreparesfoodforherkids.C.Heassistsherincookingmatters. D.Heinvitesguestfamiliesforher.Whatdoestheauthorintendtodoinparagraph4?A.Summarizethepreviousparagraph. B.Providesomeadviceforthereaders.C.Addsomebackgroundinformation. D.Introduceanewtopicfordiscussion.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.KeepingFitbyEatingSmart B.BalancingOurDailyDietC.MakingYourselfaPerfectChefD.CookingWellforLessCLanguageshavebeencoiningandgoingforthousandsofyears,butinrecenttimestherehasbeenlesscomingandalotmoregoing.Whentheworldwasstillpopulatedbyhunter-gatherers,small,tightlyknit{联系)groupsdevelopedtheirownpatternsofspeechindependentofeachother.Somelanguageexpertsbelievethat10,000yearsago,whentheworldhadjustfivetotenmillionpeople,theyspokeperhaps12,000languagesbetweenthem.Soonafterwards,manyofthosepeoplestartedsettlingdowntobecomefarmers,andtheirlanguagestoobecamemoresettledandfewerinnumber.Inrecentcenturies,trade,industrialization,thedevelopmentofthenation-stateandthespreadofuniversalcompulsoryeducation,especiallyglobalizationandbettercommunicationsinthepastfewdecades,allhavecausedmanylanguagestodisappear,anddominantlanguagessuchasEnglish.SpanishandChinesearcincreasinglytakingover.Atpresent,theworldhasabout6,800languages.Thedistributionoftheselanguagesishugelyuneven.Thegeneralruleisthatmildzoneshaverelativelyfewlanguages,oftenspokenbymanypeople,whilehot,wetzoneshavelots,oftenspokenbysmallnumbers.Europehasonlyaround200languages;theAmericasabout1.000;Africa2,400:andAsiaandthePacificperhaps3,200,ofwhichPapuaNewGuineaaloneaccountsforwellover800.Themediannumber(中位数}ofspeakersisamere6.000,whichmeansthathalftheworld'slanguagesarespokenbyfewerpeoplethanthat.Alreadywellover400ofthetotalof6,800languagesarcclosetoextinction(消亡),withonlyafewelderlyspeakersleft.Pick,atrandom,BusuuinCameroon(eightremainingspeakers),ChiapanecoinMexico(150),LipanApachein(heUnitedStates(twoorthree)orWadjiguinAustralia(one.withaquestion-mark):noneoftheseseemstohavenuichchanceofsurvival.28.Whatcanweinferaboutlanguagesinhunter-gatherertimes?A.Theydevelopedveryfast. B.Theywerelargeinnumber.C.Theyhadsimilarpatterns. D.Theywerecloselyconnected.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“dominant"underlinedinparagraph2?A.Complex.B.Advanced.C.Powerful.D.Modem.Howmanylanguagesarcspokenbylessthan6,000peoplea(present?A.About6,800.B.About3,400.C.About2,400.D.About1,200.31.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A.Newlanguageswillbecreated. B.People'slifestylesarcreflectedinlanguages.Humandevelopmentresultsinfewerlanguages.Geographydetermineslanguageevolution.DWemaythinkwe'reaculturethatgetsridofourworntechnologyatthefirstsightofsomethingshinyandnew.butanewstudyshowsthatwekeepusingourolddevices(装置)wellaftertheygooutofstyle.That'sbadnewsfortheenvironment—andourwallets-astheseoutdateddevicesconsumemuchmoreenergythantheneweronesthatdothesamethings.Tofigureouthowmuchpowerthesedevicesareusing.CallieBabbittandhercolleaguesattheRochesterInstituteofTechnologyinNewYorktrackedtheenvironmentalcostsforeachproductthroughoutitslife——fromwhenitsmineralsareminedtowhenwestopusingthedevice.Thismethodprovidedareadoutforhowhomeenergyusehasevolvedsincetheearly1990s.Devicesweregroupedbygeneration.Desktopcomputers,basicmobilephones,andbox-setTVsdefined1992.Digitalcamerasarrivedonthescenein1997.AndMP3players,smartphones,andLCDTVsenteredhomesin2002,beforetabletsande-readersshowedupin2007.Asweaccumulatedmoredevices,however,wedidn'tthrowoutouroldones.Theliving-roomtelevisionisreplacedandgetsplantedinthekids'room,andsuddenlyoneday,youhaveaTVineveryroomofthehouse,"saidoneresearcher.Theaveragenumberofelectronicdevicesrosefromfourperhouseholdin1992to13in2007.We'ernotjustkeepingtheseolddevices---wecontinuetousethem.AccordingtotheanalysisofBabbitt'steam,olddesktopmonitorsandboxTVswithcathoderaytubesaretheworstdeviceswiththeirenergyconsumptionandcontributiontogreenhousegasemissions腓放）morethandoublingduringthe1992to2007window.Sowhat'sthesolution（解决方案）？Theteam;sdataonlywentupto2007,buttheresearchersalsoexploredwhatwouldhappenifconsumersreplacedoldproductswithelectronicsthatservemorethanonefunction,suchasatabletforwordprocessingandTVviewing.Theyfoundthatmoreon-demandentertainmentviewingontabletsinsteadofTVsanddesktopcomputerscouldcutenergyconsumptionby44%.32.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofnewdevices?A.Theyareenvironment-friendly.B.Theyarenobetterthantheold.Theycostmoretouseathome.D.Theygooutofstylequickly.33.WhydidBabbitt'steamconducttheresearch?A.Toreducethecostofminerals.B.Totestthelifecycleofaproduct.C.Toupdateconsumersonnewtechnology.Tofindoutelectricityconsumptionofthedevices.34.Whichofthefollowingusestheleastenergy?A.Thebox-setTV.B.Thetablet.C.TheLCDTV.D.Thedesktopcomputer.35.Whatdoesthetextsuggestpeopledoaboutoldelectronicdevices?A.Stopusingthem.B.Takethemapart.C.Upgradethem.D.Recyclethem.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。 选项中有两项为多余选项。Colorisfundamentalinhomedesign-somethingyou'llalwayshaveineveryroom.Agraspofhowtomanagecolorinyourspacesisoneofthefirststeps,tocreatingroomsyou'lllovetolivein.Doyouwantaroomthat'sfulloflife?Professional?Orareyoujustlookingforaplacetorelaxafteralongday?36,coloristhekeytomakingaroomfeelthewayyouwantittofeel.Overtheyears,therehavebeenanumberofdifferenttechniquestohelpdesignersapproachthisimportantpoint.37,theycangetalittlecomplex.Butgoodnewsisthatthere'rereallyonlythreekindsofdecisionsyouneedtomakeaboutcolorinyourhome:thesmallones,themediumones,andthelargeones.38They'rethelittlespotsofcolorlikethrowpillows,mirrorsandbasketsthatmostofususetoaddvisualinteresttoourrooms.Lesstiringthanpaintingyourwalls:andlessexpensivethanbuyingacolorfulsofa,smallcolorchoicesbringwiththemthesignificantbenefitofbeingeasilychangeable.Mediumcolorchoicesarcgenerallyfurniturepiecessuchassofas,dinnertablesorbookshelves.39.Theyrequireabiggercommitmentthansmallerones,andtheyhaveamorepowerfuleffectonthefeelingofaspace.Thelargecolordecisionsinyourroomsconcernthewalls,ceilings,andfloors.Whetheryou'relookingatwallpaperorpaint,thetime,effortandrelativeexpenseputintoitaresignificant.―40―.WhileallofthemareusefulWhateveryou'relookingforIfyou'reexperimentingwithacolorSmallcolorchoicesaretheoneswe'remostfamiliarwithIt'snotreallyagoodideatousetoomanysmallcolorpiecesSoitpaystobesure,becauseyouwanttogetitrightthefirsttimeColorchoicesinthisrangeareastepupfromthesmallonesintwomajorways第三部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节（共20小题：每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文.从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Duringmysecondyearatthecitycollege,Iwastoldthattheeducationdepartmentwasofferinga"free"courseThcakingChess,forthreecredits.I41__theideaoftakingtheclassbecause,afterall.whodoesn'twantto__42__afewdollars?Morethanthat,I 'dalwayswantedtolearnchess.And,evenifIweren't__43__enoughaboutfreecredits,newsaboutour__44__wasappealingenoughtome.Hewasaninternationalgrandmaster,which__45__Iwouldbelearningfromoneofthegame__46s.Icouldhardlywaitto__47__him.MauriceAshleywaskindandsmart,aformergraduatereturningtoteach,andthis__48__wasnogameforhim;hemeantbusiness.Inhisintroduction,hemadeit__49__thatourcreditswouldbehard-earned.Inorderto__50__theclass,amongothercriteria,wehadtowriteapaperonhowweplanto__51__whatwewouldlearninclasstoourfutureprofessionsand,__52__,toourlives.ImanagedtogetanAinthat__53__andlearnedlifelessonsthathaveservedmewellbeyondthe__54__TenyearsaftermychessclasswithAshley.I'mstillputtingtousewhathe__55__me:Theabsolutemostimportant__56__thatyoulearnwhenyouplaychessishowtomakegood__57__.Oneverysinglemoveyouhaveto__58__asituation,processwhatyouropponent（对手）isdoingand__59__thebestmovefromamongallyouroptions."Thesewordsstillringtruetodayinmy__60__asajournalist.41.A.putforwardB.jumpedatC.tiredoutD.turneddown42.A.wasteB.earnC.save D.pay43.A.excitedB.worriedC.movedD.tired44.A.titleB.competitorC.textbookD.instructor45.A.urgedB.demandedC.heldD.meant46.A.fastestB.easiestC.best D.rarest47.A.interviewB.meetC.challengeD.beat48.A.chanceB.qualificationC.honorD.job49.A.realB.perfectC.clear D.possible50.A.attendB.passC.skip D.observe51.A.addB.exposeC.apply D.compare52.A.eventuallyB.naturallyC.directly D.normally53.A.gameB.presentationC.courseD.experiment54.A.criterionB.classroomC.departmentD.situation55.A.taughtB.wroteC.questionedD.promised56.A.factB.stepC.mannerD.skill57.A.gradesB.decisionsC.impressionsD.comments58.A.analyzeB.describeC.rebuildD.control59.A.announceB.signalC.blockD.evaluate60.A.roleB.desireC.concemD.behavior第二节(共10小题：每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Accordingtoareviewofevidenceinamedicaljournal,runnerslivethreeyears(long)thannon-ninncrs.Youdon'thavetorunfastorforlong62to(see)thebenefit.Youmaydrink,smoke,beoverweightandstillreduceyourriskof63(die)earlybyrunning.Whilerunningregularlycan'tmakeyouliveforever,thereviewsaysit64(be)moreeffectiveatlengtheninglife65walking,cyclingorswimming.Twooftheauthorsofthereviewalsomadeastudypublishedin201466showedamerefiveto10minutesadayofrunningreducedtheriskofheartdiseaseandearlydeathsfromall67(cause).Thebestexerciseisonethatyouenjoyandwilldo.Buiotherwise....it'sprobablyrunning.Toavoidkneepain,youcanrunonsoftsurfaces,doexercisesto68(strength)yourlegmuscles(肌肉avoidhillsandgetgoodrunningshoes.Runningischeap,easyandit'salways69(energy).Ifyouaretimepoor,youneedrunforonlyhalfthetimetogetthesamebenefitsasothersports,soperhapsweshouldallgive70atry.第四部分写作(共两节，满分35分)第一节短文改错(共10小题：每小题1分，？茜分10分)假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文 ，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、 删除或修增加：在缺词处加字符号(八),并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。修改：错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。 注总：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词：2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。Duringmylastwinterholiday,Iwenttocountrysidewithmyfathertovisitmygrandparents.Ifindabigchangethere.ThefirsttimeIwentthere,theywerelivinginasmallhousewithdogs,ducks,andanotheranimals.LastwinterwhenIwenthereagain,theyhadabigseparatehousetoraisedozensofchicken.TheyalsohadasmallpondAwhichtheyraisedfish.Mygrandpasaidlastsummertheyearnedquitealotbysellthefish.Ifelthappilythattheirlifehadimproved.Attheendofourtrip,ItoldmyfatherthatIplannedloreturnforeverytwoyears,butheagreed.第二节书面表达（满分25分）假定你是李华，你的新西兰朋友 Terry将去中国朋友家做客，发邮件向你询问友关习俗。请你回复邮件，内容包括：.到达时间：.合适的礼物：.餐桌礼仪。注意：.词数100左右；.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。答案1-5BCCBA6-10BABCC11-15ABAAC16-20BCBCA21-23ADD24-27BCCD28-31BCBC32-35ADBA36-40BADGF41-45BCADD46-50CBDCB51-55CACBA56-60DBADAlonger62.tosee63.dying64.