轮机工程-轮机英语-轮机听力与会话训练教材

国家高等职业教育轮机工程技术专业教学资源库实训教材轮机英语听力与会话训练主编：陈蓓副主编：林红孙增军大连海事大学出版社

目录TOC\o"1-4"\h\z\u教材使用说明 2第一章公共用语 4第二章机舱日常业务 13第一节主机系统 13第二节甲板机械的维护与管理 24第三节防污染设备 29第四节其它辅助设备 35第三章与驾驶台联系 40第四章应急情况下的用语 51第五章对外业务联系 59第一节加油的用语 59第二节修船、监造和交接船的用语 68第三节机损报告、机损检查与各项检验 76第四节物料和备件 79第六章PSC/ISM检查用语 84第一节PSC一般检查 84第二节PSC详细检查 92第三节ISM检查用语 101附录听力原文及会话参考答案109参考文献 176

教材使用说明一、训练目的通过培训，使学习者能够熟练掌握日常生活用语、机舱设备日常管理及维修保养用语、备件物料供应和技术参数等交流用语、对外业务联系交流用语、国际公约与法规的标准英语用语以及船舶检验审核和PSC检查等相关用语，能够听懂并理解船舶二三管轮在远洋船舶上的相关生活和工作用语，并能够对在履行工作职责、对外业务联系、应对各种检验检查和应急情况等方面进行有效地沟通和交流，从而达到中华人民共和国海事局《海船船员适任考试与评估大纲》对船员实操和实做技能要求，满足《STCW公约（马尼拉修正案）》等的相关要求。二、章节划分与学时分配：章节内容学时分配第一章公共用语4第二章机舱日常业务16第一节主机系统4第二节甲板机械的维护与管理4第三节防污染设备4第四节其它辅助设备4第三章与驾驶台联系4第四章应急情况下的用语4第五章对外业务联系16第一节加油的用语4第二节修船、监造和交接船的用语4第三节机损报告、机损检查与各项检验4第四节物料和备件4第六章PSC/ISM检查用语12第一节PSC一般检查4第二节PSC详细检查4第三节ISM检查用语4学时总计26三、设备要求多媒体语音室或自主学习多媒体语音室。四、训练指导与评估标准1.训练指导以轮机英语听力与会话评估题型为培训练习题型，使学习者了解与轮机专业有关的听说知识和技能，并通过练习提高专业英语的听力与会话水平。以多媒体教学为主，充分利用各种视听设备，加强听说训练，注重提高学生语言学习的主动性，做好教与学的配合，还要以职业能力培养为导向，精讲多练，采用练中教、练中学，教、学、练结合，逐步形成理论讲授与实践训练交替互动的教学模式。同时要促进听说能力训练与专业知识学习的有效兼容，不仅要提高学生的语言应用能力，还要让学生能够在实际语言运用的过程中有效结合专业知识，提高对专业英语的理解与表达。通过听力培训，使学生能够辨别音形相似的词，掌握辨别英语中失去爆破、连读、弱读等的技能和技巧。还要使学生能够听懂整体内容并理解其中的重要细节和关键性信息，捕捉细节性问题和综合性问题，并能够灵活运用专业知识来协助理解判断。通过会话培训，使学生掌握基本的朗读技巧（如连续、失去爆破、弱读、节奏等），能够使用正确的语音语调朗读专业英语资料，口齿清晰、发音正确、语言流利、通达意义，提高英语口头表达能力；能够就所给的专业题目和提示，正确理解题目要求，构思并完成100词以上的口述，口述要紧扣主题、内容完整，英语表达基本准确，语言连贯、流畅、没有过长的停顿，提高英语会话交流能力；能够听懂并准确理解基本专业知识的问题，回答切题，用词恰当，发音准确，表达规范流畅，提高英语应答能力和应变能力。2.轮机英语听力与会话评估标准轮机英语听力与会话评估考试在计算机终端上进行，总时间60分钟，单个题目的答题时间由考生自己掌握。轮机英语评估分为听力和口语两个部分，听力评估为客观题，满分100分，60分及格；会话评估为主观题，满分100分，60分及格，全部及格才可通过本项评估。具体题型设置和分值如下：轮机英语听力与会话评估参数表（适用对象：无限航区750kW及以上轮机二/三管轮）序号题型分值与题数视觉显示方式备注1多媒体单句题3分×10题只显示选项听力录音可以听2遍2多媒体对话题3分×10题只显示选项3多媒体短文题2.5分×4题×4篇显示问题和选项4多媒体朗读题20分×1题显示题干5多媒体口述题20分×1题显示题目和提示6多媒体问答题6分×10题不显示问题录音可以听2遍

第一章公共用语一、训练要求听力理解要求：能够听懂并理解《STCW公约（马尼拉修正案）》对无限航区750KW及以上船舶二/三管轮职务要求的与日常用语、船舶对外业务用语和船东面试用语有关的工作英语内容。能够听懂语速为每分钟100-120词的听力交流内容，掌握中心大意，理解其中的重要事实、细节和关键性信息点。口语表述要求：能够按照《STCW公约（马尼拉修正案）》对无限航区750Kw及以上船舶二/三管轮职务的要求在日常用语、船舶对外业务用语和船东面试用语等方面进行有效地面对面地沟通和交流。发音基本准确，语言基本流畅，表意基本完整。二、实训步骤PartI.Passage1Task1:Readaloudthepassage.“AllworkandnoplaymakesJackadullboy.”Theseamenhavetohavesomeleisureactivitiesinordertorelax.Somelargershipshavealltheluxurieslikeswimmingpools,gymnasiums,andsportsroom.Smallershipshaveonlytheofficer'slounge.Whenspaceislimited,indoorgameslikedarts,cards,areplayedintheofficer'slounge.Movies,videosarefreelyavailable.Books,magazinesarealsoavailable,usuallydonatedbySeamenMission.Seriousstudyforprofessionaladvancementlikecompetencyexamscanalsobedoneduringtheleisuretime.Evengamesliketabletenniscanbeplayed.Ifthereisnosportsroom,thetablemaybeplacedalongthealleywaysbetweenthecabins.Toplaytabletenniswhiletheshipisrollingisquiteanart.Notonlytheballmoves,butalsotheplayermovesbecauseoftheshipmovement.Task2:Answerthefollowingquestionsaccordingtothepassage.1.Whataretheluxuriessomelargershipsmayhave?2.Whatindoorgamescanbeplayedintheofficer'slounge?3.Whatarethethingsyoucandoduringtheleisuretimeonboardships?Passage2Task1:Readaloudthepassage.Theshippingtradecannotsurviveonlywiththehelpofships.Thismeansthatshipsneedsupportfromshorefacilitiessuchasports,shippingoffices,coastal,andgovernmentalauthoritiesandothertypesofshoresupport.（seeFig.1-1）Fig.1-1ShoresupportWithouttheinvolvementofshoresupport,itisnotpossibleforashiptoperformalltheoperationsonitsown.Theexchangeofinformationandtransparentcommunicationbetweenshipandshorebeforeorduringdifferentoperationsshouldbecarriedoutsothatthesafetyoftheoperationismaintainedatalltimes.Shipsareoftenincontactwiththefollowingshoredepartments:PortauthorityBunkersupplierShoreworkshopShorefirefightingdepartmentServiceprovidersforvetting,

cargohandling,etc.SecurityofficialsSurveyorsDrydockpersonalsOthershoresupportsItisveryimportanttomaintainaclearship-shorecommunication,foranygapincommunicationcanleadtoinefficientoperation,accidents,andevenpollution.Somebasicexamplesofship-shoreoperationsCargoloadingandunloadinginportBerthingandmooringoftheshipinportReceivingbunkerfromshoresupportArrangingandsettingsecuritylevelinshipwheninportArrangementofsurveywhenrequiredCommunicationwithdrydockpersonalswhenindockTask2:Answerthefollowingquestionsaccordingtothepassage.1.Whydowesaytheshippingtradecannotsurviveonlywiththehelpofships?2.Whichshoredepartmentsshipsoftencontactwith?3.Listsomeexamplesofshipshoreoperations.Passage3Task1:Readaloudthepassage.ApersonwhowantstobeaMarineEngineermustbepreparedtospendalongperiodoftimeintraining.Normally,ayoungmanwillenrollinacollegewhichoffersacourseinMarineEngineeringaftercompleting“O”levels.ThecourseofferedbyMarineCollegesnormallyconsistsofaperiodofFullTimestudyandaperiodofIndustrialTraininginShipyardsandonboardShips.ThesubjectsusuallycoveredareThermodynamics,Mechanics,Materials,Control,Mathematics,Electrical,NavalArchitecture,MaritimeLaws,Workshopskills,EngineeringDrawing,etc.

Thecoursedurationmayvarywiththedifferentcolleges.Normally,therewillbe2yearsofclassroomstudy,followedbyfrom6monthsto1yearofpracticaltraining.Theremaybeanotheryearoffinalclassroomstudyafterthis.Task2:Answerthefollowingquestionsaccordingtothepassage.1.Whatcollegewillyouenrollifyouwanttobeamarineengineer?2.Whatsubjectsdoyouusuallylearninamarinecollege?3.Howlongdoyouusuallylearninamarinecollege?PartII.ListeningPracticeTask1:SentencelisteningDirections:Youaregoingtohear20sentences.Eachsentencewillbereadonlyonce.Listencarefullyandchoosethesentencethatistheclosestinmeaningtowhatyou’veheard.1.A.Alotofthingswillbedonewithinfourhours. B.Alotofthingswillbedonewithinthreehours. C.Alotofthingshavebeendoneonlastshift. D.Alotofthingswillbedoneonnextshift.2.A.Ihavejustphonedtheengineeronduty.B.IhavejustphonedtheFourthEngineer.C.Ihavejustphonedthedutymate.D.IhavejustphonedtheThirdOfficer.3.A.10litersoflubeoilwilladdedtothegravitytank.B.5litersoflubeoilwilladdedtothegravitytank.C.15litersoflubeoilwilladdedtothegravitytank.D.20litersoflubeoilwilladdedtothegravitytank.4.A.Ihaveworkedonageneralcargoship.B.Ihaveworkedonapassengership.C.Ihaveworkedonabulkcarrier.D.Ihaveworkedonacontainership.5. A.WeplantodepartfromHongKongat1415. B.WeareheadingforHongKong. C.HongKongisourlastportofcall. D.HongKongistheportofourdeparture.6.A.Iwanttoknowtheirnamesandwhattheydo.B.Iwanttoknowtheirnamesandwheretheyarefrom.C.Iwanttoknowtheirnationalitiesandjobs.D.Iwanttoknowtheirnationalitiesandmaritalstatus.7.A.Youhavehelpedmealot.B.Yourwordshelpmealot.C.Whatcanyoudotohelpme?D.WhatcanIdotohelpyou?8.A.TheEngineersareAmerican..B.TheEngineersareAustralian.C.TheEngineersareAfrican.D.TheEngineersareCanadian.9.A.Theshoesaretooexpensive.B.Theshoesarecheap.C.Thepriceisreasonable.D.Thepriceisacceptable.10.A.Thespeakeristalkingtoabankclerk.B.Thespeakeristalkingtoawaiter.C.ThespeakeristalkingtotheChiefEngineer.D.Thespeakeristalkingtoadoctor.11.A.Thespeakerwillusethewashingmachine.B.Thespeakerwillshowhowtousethemachine.C.Thestewardwillusethewashingmachine.D.Thestewardwillshowhowtousethemachine.12.A.Thegalleyisabovethestoreroom.B.Thegalleyistotherightofthestoreroom.C.Thegalleyisbesidethestoreroom.D.Thegalleyisbelowthestoreroom.13.A.PleasecancelitemNo.B14.B.PleasecancelitemNo.C14.C.PleasecancelitemNo.D14.D.PleasecancelitemNo.A14.14.A.Ihaveeverworkedonthegeneralcargoship.B.Ihaveeverworkedonthecontainership.C.Ihaveeverworkedonthebulkcarrier.D.TheshipthatIhaveeverworkedistheoiltanker.15.A.Itwillbedrainedoffat0630tomorrowB.Itwillbedrainedoffat0730tomorrow.C.Itwillbedrainedoffat1630tomorrowD.Itwillbedrainedoffat1730tomorrow16.A.Thesparepartshavebeenordered.B.Thesparepartshaven’tbeenordered.C.Thesparepartsorderedhavebeendeliveredonboard.D.Thesparepartsorderedhavebeendeliveredonboardintime.17.A.Weshallarrangeforovertimeworkthisnight.B.Weshallarrangeforsomeworknextnight.C.Weshallarrangeforovertimeworklastnight.D.Overtimeworkshallbearrangedfortomorrownight.18.A.Theyshouldbeassembledcarefully.B.Theyshouldbemeasuredcarefully.C.Theyshouldbeadjustedcarefully.D.Theyshouldbeassembledcarelessly.19.A.Youexplainforhimonthespotbeforethemeeting.B.Youexplainforhimonthespotafterthemeeting.C.Youexplainforhimthereafterthemeeting.D.Youexplainforhiminyourroomafterthemeeting.20.A.Youshouldphonetheofficerondutybeforeburningtheoilsludge.B.Youshouldphonetheofficerondutybeforedealingwithoilywater.C.Youshouldphonetheofficerondutybeforeburningthegarbage.D.Youshouldphonetheofficerondutybeforedealingwithsewage.Task2:ShortdialoguelisteningDirections:Youaregoingtohear19shortdialogues.Aftereachdialogue,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Eachdialoguewillbereadonlyonce.Listencarefullyandchoosethebestanswer.1. A.Heisreadytoquitsmoking. B.Hefeelsdifficulttoquitsmoking. C.Hefeelseasytoquitsmoking. D.Heisn’treadytoquitsmoking.2. A.Thefirstspeakerhasbeenlate. B.Thefirstspeakerdoesn’tworryaboutbeinglate. C.Thesecondspeakerdoesn’tworryaboutbeinglate. D.Thesecondspeakerhasbeenlate.3. A.Thesecondspeakerislucky. B.Thefirstspeakerhasbeenpromoted. C.Thefirstspeakerislucky. D.Thesecondspeakerhasbeenpromoted.4. A.Himself. B.Mr.Chief. C.Mr.Smith. D.PSC.5. A.Becausethefirstspeakermakessomenecessariesforhim. B.Becausehecanarrangethefirstspeaker’ssecondengineer. C.Becausethefirstspeakerwilldohisarrangementhimself. D.Becausenecessaryarrangementsforworkhavebeenmade.6. A.C/E. B.2/E. C.3/E. D.4/E.7. A.Businessdepartment. B.Servicedepartment. C.Technicaldepartment. D.Personneldepartment.8. A.Unattendedmachineryspace. B.Unwatchedmachinerysystem. C.Unwatchedmanspace. D.Unattachedmachinerysystem.9. A.SOPOP. B.SOPPP. C.SOPEP. D.SEPOP.10. A.Stores. B.Food. C.Fueloil. D.Spareparts.11. A.L300000.B.L700000.C.A400000.D.A500000.12. A.Hehaslostsomemoney.B.Hehaslosthisway.C.Hedoesn'tlikethefood.D.Heishomesick.13. A.Examiningintheengineroom.B.Examiningthewholeship.C.Inspecteverywhere.D.Inspectnowhere.14. A.Self-introduction.B.ThesecondspeakerisTom.C.ThefirstspeakerisPeter.D.MynameisPeter.15. A.SuezCanal.B.PanamaCanal.C.PanamaCanalandSuezCD.America16. A.Promotion.B.Shopping.C.Study.D.Experience.17. A.Themeetingisover. B.We'veagreedtoholdameeting. C.Wehadahappytime. D.Wearegladabouttheagreement.18. A.Youcangetthereportinthreedays.B.Youcangetthereportinaweek.C.Ineedthreecopies.D.Iwanttwocopies.19. A.WatchingTV. B.Playingcards. C.Listeningtotheradio. D.Readingbooks.Task3:LongdialoguelisteningDirections:Youaregoingtohear4longdialogues.Aftereachdialogue,therewillbefourquestionsaboutwhatwassaid.Eachdialoguewillbereadonlyonce.Listencarefullyandchoosethebestanswer.Dialogue1Q1: A.Agent. B.Shipchandler.C.Pilot. D.PSCO.Q2: A.Engineroom. B.ChiefEngineer’sroom. C.Somemachineryinenginedepartment D.Somemachineryindeckdepartment.Q3: A.USCG. B.CMSA. C.CMSC. D.SMU.Q4: A.Yes,heworriesabit. B.Generally,hedoesn’tworry. C.No,hedoesn’tworryatall D.Yes,heworrieshighly.Dialogue2Q1: A.Rock-and-roll. B.Popularmusic. C.Folkmusic. D.Classicalmusic.Q2: A.Folkmusic. B.Popularmusic. C.Rock-and-roll. D.Classicalmusic.Q3: A.Becausehewillsleepaslongashehearsclassicalmusic. B.Becausehedoesn’tlikeanymusic. C.Becausehewillsleepaslongashehearsanymusic. D.Becausehelikessleepinsteadofmusic.Q4: A.Whitecoffee. B.Blackcoffee. C.Blacktea. D.Greentea.Dialogue3Q1:A.Ashirt B.Ajacket. C.Ahat. D.Acoat.Q2: A.Red. B.Green. C.Yellow. D.Blue.Q3： A.Four. B.Five. C.Six. D.Seven.Q4： A.12dollars. B.20dollars. C.12pounds. D.20pounds.Dialogue4Q1:A.1970. B.1992. C.1980. D.1982.Q2: A.Navigation. B.Marineengineering. C.Socialscience. D.Computerscience.Q3：A.DalianMaritimeUniversity. B.ShanghaiMaritimeUniversity. C.JimeiMaritimeUniversity. D.WuhanMaritimeUniversity.Q4：A.About15years. B.About14years. C.About16years. D.About12years.PartIII.OralPracticeTask1:Talkaboutthefollowingtopics.1.Talkabouttheenginedepartment1)Introductionforimportantoftheenginedepartmentonboard.2)Introductionforpersonneloftheenginedepartment.3)Descriptionofworksfortheenginedepartment.2.:.Talkaboutwhatyoucanseeinthepictureusingasmuchdetailaspossibleaccordingtothepicturegiven.Task2:Answerthefollowingquestions.1.Howlonghaveyouworkedonboard?2.Howmanypeoplearethereinyourfamily?Areyoumarried?3.Howmanycountrieshaveyoueverbeento?4.Whichcertificatedoyouhavenow?5.Haveyouworkedanyshipthatcauseddamageincriticalequipments?6.Howmanyimportantcanalsarethereallovertheworld?7.Canyoutellmewhatisthemostimportantthingforaseafarer?8.Whichclassificationsocietyisyourshipregisteredwith?9.WhatdoesUMSstandfor?HaveyouservedUMS?10.Couldyoulistdifferentkindsofship’ssurveys?

第二章机舱日常业务第一节主机系统一、训练要求听力理解要求：能够听懂并理解《STCW公约（马尼拉修正案）》对无限航区750Kw及以上船舶二/三管轮职务要求与主机系统有关的工作英语内容。能够听懂语速为每分钟100-120词的听力交流内容，掌握中心大意，理解其中的重要事实、细节和关键性信息点。口语表述要求：能够按照《STCW公约（马尼拉修正案）》对无限航区750KW及以上船舶二/三管轮的职务要求在主机系统的工作英语用语方面进行有效地面对面的地口语沟通和交流。发音基本准确，语言基本流畅，表意基本完整。二、训练步骤PartI.Passage1Task1:Readaloudthepassage. Thefundamentalfunctionofthemainengineistoprovideashipwithdrivingpower.Therearefourmaintypesofdrivingequipmentformarinepurpose:dieselengine,steamturbine,gasturbineandmarinenuclearplant.Amarinedieselenginecanbedividedintothefixedpartsandthemovingparts.Themainfixedpartsarethebedplate,theframes,themainbearingsandthecylinders.Theframesaremountedontopofthebedplatewhichformsthecrankcaseoftheengine.Atthetopoftheframesarethecylinders.Theouterpartofthecylinderiscalledjacketandtheinnerpartiscylinderliner.Ontopofthecylinderismountedthecylindercover,onwhichanumberofvalvesarefixed,suchasthestartingvalve,thefuelvalve,theindicatorvalveandthesafetyvalve.Someenginesalsohavetheirexhaustvalvesinthecenterofthecover.Themainmovingpartsconsistofthecrankshaft,theconnectingrods,thecrossheadsandthepistons.Thecrankshaftrestsonthemainbearingsandisconnectedwiththepistonsbymeansoftheconnectingrods.Task2:Answerthefollowingquestionsaccordingtothepassage.1.Whatarethefourmaintypesofdrivingequipmentformarinepurpose?2.Whatdothefixedpartsofamarinedieselenginemainlyinclude?3.Whatdothemovingpartsofamarinedieselenginemainlyinclude？Passage2Task1:Readaloudthepassage.Purifiedfuelisstoredandbeingcontinuouslyheateduptoallowwaterseparationorsettlement.Generallyasatisfactoryworkingpurifierwillleaveverylittlewaterintheoil.However,ifprolongperiodoftimehaspassedwithoutdraining,accumulatedwaterlevelmightrisetosuchalevelthatwateriscarriedoverintothefueloilsystemintoM.E.,thiswillcausemisfiringandhenceenginestoppage.Alwaysensurethatquickclosingshut-offvalvesarekeptinoperationalconditionsbytestingorlubrication.Nolashingorgaggingisallowed.Fueloilviscositymustbemaintainedaccordinglytosafeguardagainstpumpseizuresduetotoohighortoolowfueloiltemperatures.Alarmsforhighorlowviscosity,loworhighoiltemperaturemustbeinstalledormaintainedoperational.Task2:Answerthefollowingquestionsaccordingtothepassage.1.Howcanwaterbeseparatedfromthefuel?2.Whymaywatersometimesbecarriedoverintothefueloilsystem?3.Whatsafetyprecautionscanbetakentoensurethesafeoperationoffueloilsystem?Passage3Task1:Readaloudthepassage.Continuouscoolingoftheengineisnecessary.Thetemperatureshavetobemaintainedatanoptimumlevel.Theymustnotbetoohotortoocold.Thenormalenginejacketoutletcoolingwatertemperatureisusuallymaintainedatabout80to85degreeCentigrade,thepistoncoolingoutlettemperatureabout55degreeCentigrade.Thelubricationoiltemperatureismaintainedtoabout40degreeCentigrade.Thetemperaturesaremaintainedassteadyaspossible.Thecontrolsystemsaredesignedsothatfluctuationsintemperaturescanbemeasuredandcontrolledeasily.Hugefluctuationsintemperaturesnotonlycauseunduethermalstress,butalsocancausetherubbersealstoleak.ThemaindieselenginecoolingsystemsconsistsoftheJacketCoolingWaterSystem,PistonCoolingWaterSystem,LubricationOilCoolingSystem,andFuelValveCoolingWaterSystem.Task2:Answerthefollowingquestionsaccordingtothepassage.1.What’sthenormaltemperatureofenginejacketoutletcoolingwater?2.What’sthenormaltemperatureoflubricationoil?3.Whatproblemsarelikelytoarisefrombigtemperaturechange?4.Whatarethemaindieselenginecoolingsystemscomposedof?Passage4Task1:Readaloudthepassage.Abasicpartofthecycleofaninternalcombustionengineisthesupplyoffreshairandremovalofexhaustgases.Thisisthegasexchangeprocess.Scavengingistheremovalofexhaustgasesbyblowinginfreshair.Chargingisthefillingoftheenginecylinderwithasupplyorchargeoffreshairreadyforcompression.Withsuperchargingalargermassofairissuppliedtothecylinderbyblowinginunderpressure.Olderengineswerenaturallyaspiratedtakingfreshaironlyatatmosphericpressure.Modernenginesmakeuseofexhaustgasdriventurbo-chargerstosupplypressurizedfreshairforscavengingandsupercharging.Bothfour-strokeandtwo-strokecycleenginesmaybepressurecharged.Task2:Answerthefollowingquestionsaccordingtothepassage.1.What’sbasicpartofaninternalcombustionenginecycle?2.Whatdoesscavengingmean?3.Whatdoeschargingmean?4.Whatairdomodernenginesuseforscavengingandsupercharging?Passage5Task1:Readaloudthepassage.Lubricatingoilforanengineisstoredinthebottomofthecrankcase,knownasthesump,orinadraintanklocatedbeneaththeengine.Theoilisdrawnfromthistankthroughastrainer,oneofapairofpumps,intooneofapairoffinefilters.Itisthenpassedthroughacoolerbeforeenteringtheengineandbeingdistributedtothevariousbranchpipes.Thebranchpipeforaparticularcylindermayfeedthemainbearing,forinstance.Someofthisoilwillpassalongadrilledpassageinthecrankshafttothebottomendbearingandthenupadrilledpassageintheconnectingrodtothegudgeonpinorcrossheadbearing.Afteruseintheenginethelubricatingoildrainsbacktothesumpordraintankforre-use.Task2:Answerthefollowingquestionsaccordingtothepassage.1.Whereislubricatingoilforanenginestored?2.Wherewilltheoilgothroughbeforeenteringtheengine?3.Whatwillhappentothelubricatingoilafteruse?Passage6Task1:Readaloudthepassage.Thecompressedairissuppliedbyalargeborepipetoaremoteoperatingnon-returnorautomaticvalveandthentothecylinderairstartvalves.Theopeningofeachcylinderairstartvalveswilladmitcompressedairintothecorrespondingcylinder.Theautomaticvalveandthecylinderstartvalvesarecontrolledbyapilotairsystem.Eachcylinderstartvalvewillbeopenedimmediatelyafterthetopdeadcentre(TDC)positionhasbeenpassedandclosedjustbeforetheexhaustportsareduetoopenaccordingtothedirectionofrotationrequired.Thus,whencompressedairfromthemainsupplyissuppliedtothestartingsystemofanengineatrestitentersthosecylindersinwhichthepistonsareinapositioncorrespondingtosomepartofthepowerstroke,theresultingpressureonthepistonscausestheenginetorotate.Whenasufficientlyhighspeed,sayabout20r/min,hasbeenachievedtheairsupplyiscutoffandfuelisinjectedcausingthecylinderstofireandcontinuetoruninthenormalway.Task2:Answerthefollowingquestionsaccordingtothepassage.1.Howisthecompressedairsuppliedtothecylinder?2.WhatdoesTDCstandfor?3.Whenwilltheairsupplybecutoff?Passage7Task1:Readaloudthepassage.Cracksinthecylinderandcylindercoversmayresultfromunequalheating.Thecylindercoversshouldberegularlyventedbyopeningtheventcocks.Cracksusuallyresultingfromlocaloverheatingarecausedbytroubleswiththefuelpumpsoroneormorecylindersnotfiring.Ifindicatordiagramsaretakenatregularintervals,anyunequaldistributionofloadwillbeeasilyfoundout.Therefore,mosttroubleslikelytooccurwithmarinedieselenginecan,iflocatedintime,beremediedwithnodifficultyandmanycanbeavoidediftheengineismaintainedwithahighsenseofresponsibilitytothepeopleonthepartofthemotormenandengineers.Task2:Answerthefollowingquestionsaccordingtothepassage.1.Whatmaycausecracksinthecylinderandcylindercovers?2.Howcanthecylindercoversbevented?3.Whatshouldbedonetodetectunequaldistributionofloadeasily?PartII.ListeningPracticeTask1:SentencelisteningDirections:Youaregoingtohear19sentences.Eachsentencewillbereadonlyonce.Listencarefullyandchoosethesentencethatistheclosestinmeaningtowhatyou’veheard.1. A.Wehaveadjustedthetimingoftheinjection.B.Wehaveadjustedthetimingoftheexhaustvalve.C.Wehaveadjustedtheclearanceoftheinjection.D.Wehaveadjustedthetimingoftheinjectionandclearanceofexhaustvalve.2.A.TheexhaustvalvesofNo.3cylinderarenew.B.TheexhaustvalvesofNo.3cylinderareoriginal.C.TheexhaustvalvesofNo.3cylinderarebad.D.TheexhaustvalvesofNo.3cylinderareworse.3.A.Theinspectionintervalsfortheinletvalvesshouldbe3000hrs.B.Theinspectionintervalsfortheexhaustvalvesshouldbe5000hrs.C.Theinspectionintervalsfortheinletvalvesshouldbe3000hrs.D.Theoverhaulingtimeoftheinletvalvesshouldbe5000hrs.4.A.ThereweresomelooseboltswhenwedismantledNo.3pistonassembly.B.ThereweresomelossboltswhenwedismantledNo.4pistonassembly.C.ThereweresomelossboltswhenwedismantledNo.3pistonassembly.D.ThereweresomelooseboltswhenwedismantledNo.4pistonassembly.5. A.WefindNo.1cylinderlinerwornoutexcessively.B.WefindNo.2cylinderlinerwornoutexcessively.C.WefindNo.1pistonskirtwornoutexcessively.D.WefindNo.2pistonskirtwornoutexcessively.6.A.Theboilerisheatedbyexhaustgas.B.Thisboilerisheatedbygas.C.Thisboilerisheatedbyburningoil.D.Thisboilerisheatedbyburninggasoline7.A.Theboilerwillbeheatedbyliquidgas.B.Theboilerwillbeheatedbyfueloil.C.Theboilerwillbeheatedbydieseloil.D.Theboilerwillbeheatedbydieselandfueloil.8.A.Cleaningtheexternalpartoftheboilerintheyard.B.Cleaningtheinternalpartoftheboilerintheyard.C.Theexternalpartoftheboilermustbecleanedbychemicalsolution.D.Theinternalpartoftheboilermustbecleanedbyacidsolution.9.A.Beforereassembling,pleasegivetheauxiliaryengineatest.B.Afterreassembling,pleasegivethemainengineatest.C.Afterreassembling,thegeneratorengineshouldbetested.D.Afterreassembling,pleaseturnontheauxiliaryengine.10.A.Governorisdrivenbychaindrive.B.Governorisdrivenbygeardrive.C.Governorisdrivenbychaindriveandgeardrive.D.Governorisdrivenbychaindriveorgeardrive.11.A.TheSecondEngineerrepairedtheexpansionvalvehimself.B.Someonerepairedtheexpansionvalve.C.Theexpansionvalvewasrenewed.D.Theexpansionvalveshouldberenewed.12.A.Thetubesarefoundclean.B.Thetubesarefounddirty.C.Thetubesarefoundleaky.D.Thetubesshouldbewelded.13.A.Thecapacityoftheseawaterpumpissmall.B.Thecapacityoftheseawaterpumpishigh.C.Thecapacityoftheseawaterpumpishigher.D.Thecapacityoftheseawaterpumpistoohigh.14.A.Iwillrepairtheincineratorburnermorecarefully.B.Iwillrepairtheincineratorburnersurely.C.Iwillrepairtheboilerburnermorecarefully.D.Iwillrepairtheboilerburnersurely.15.A.Maintainthefloatingswitchforthesewagetreatmentplantsometimes.B.Maintainthefloatingswitchforthe