EDA设计实验基于VHDL的电梯控制系统

课程设计学生姓名：学号：指导教师：教师职称：讲师院系：班级：摘要：电梯作为垂直方向的交通工具，在高层建筑和公共场所已成为不可或缺的设备。中国是全球最大的电梯市场，也具有最强的电梯生产能力，但由于缺乏自主知识产权和核心技术，自主品牌占市场的份额很少。随着社会需求的变化，电梯朝着节能、环保及智能化方向发展。EDA技术打破了软件和硬件间的壁垒，是计算机的软件技术与硬件实现、设计效率与产品能合二为一，它代表了电子技术和应用技术的发展方向。VHDL主要用于描述数字系统的接口，结构和功能，它的语法简单易懂，移植性好。本设计采用VHDL，源程序Altera公司的QuartusII软件仿真。通过寄存器储存电梯请求信息，检测电梯运行状态，控制电梯按要求运作。关键词：EDAVHDL电梯控制系统设计要求：设计一个6层自动升降电梯控制电路，该控制器遵循方向优先原则完成6层楼的载客服务，同时指示电梯运行情况和电梯内外请求信息，具体要求如下：（1）每层电梯入口处设有上、下请求开关，电梯内设有乘客到达楼层的请求开关。（2）设有电梯所处楼层指示和电梯运行模式（上升或下降）指示。（3）能记忆电梯内外的所有请求信号，并按照电梯运行规则次序响应，响应动作完成后清除请求信号。（4）能检验是否超载，并设有报警信号。（5）方向优先原则。当电梯处于上升模式时，只响应比电梯所在位置高的上楼请求信息，由下而上逐个执行，直到最后一个上楼请求执行完毕，故更高层有下楼请求，则直接到有下楼请求的最高层接客，然后进入下降模式。电梯处于下降模式时，与上升模式相反。设计原理：电梯控制器通过乘客在电梯内外的请求信号控制上升或下降，而楼层信号由电梯本身的装置触发，从而确定电梯处在哪个楼层。乘客在电梯中选择所要到达的楼层，通过主控制器的处理，电梯开始运行，状态显示器显示电梯的运行状态，电梯所在的楼层数通过LED数码管显示，电梯门的状态分为开门，关闭，“00”表示关闭，“10”表示开启。其系统结构框图如图1图1系统结构框图电路符号如图2：图2电路符号CLK：时钟信号输入端。full：超载信号输入端。alarm：超载报警信号输出端。clr：清除报警信号输入端。up1-up5:电梯外请求信号输入端。down2-down6:电梯外请求信号输入端。k1-k6:电梯内请求信号输入端。g1-g6：到达楼层信号输入端（由于实验板无传感器，所以手动控制拨码开关表示到大楼层信号）door[1..0]:电梯门控制信号输入端。led[6..0]:LED数码管显示控制输出端。ud:电梯状态显示输出端。up：控制电机向上转输出端。down：控制电机向下转输出端。设计方法：libraryieee;entityelevatorisport(clk:instd_logic;full:instd_logic;clr:instd_logic;up1,up2,up3,up4,up5:instd_logic;down2,down3,down4,down5,down6:instd_logic;k1,k2,k3,k4,k5,k6:instd_logic;g1,g2,g3,g4,g5,g6:instd_logic;door:outstd_logic_vector(1downto0;led:outstd_logic_vector(6downto0;ud:outstd_logic;alarm:outstd_logic;up,down:outstd_logic;endelevator;architectureoneofelevatorissignalk11,k22,k33,k44,k55,k66:std_logic;signalup11,up22,up33,up44,up55:std_logic;signaldown22,down33,down44,down55,down66:std_logic;signalkk,uu,dd,uu_dd:std_logic_vector(5downto0;signalopendoor:std_logic;signalupdown:std_logic;signalen_up,en_down:std_logic;signala:std_logic;beginkk<=k66&k55&k44&k33&k22&k11;uu<='0'&up55&up44&up33&up22&up11;dd<=down66&down55&down44&down33&down22&'0';uu_dd<=kkoruuordd;ud<=updown;process(clkbeginifclk'eventandclk='1'thenifk1='1'thenk11<=k1;elsifk2='1'thenk22<=k2;elsifk3='1'thenk33<=k3;elsifk4='1'thenk44<=k4;elsifk5='1'thenk55<=k5;elsifk6='1'thenk66<=k6;endif;ifup1='1'thenup11<=up1;elsifup2='1'thenup22<=up2;elsifup3='1'thenup33<=up3;elsifup44='1'thenup44<=up4;elsifup5='1'thenup55<=up5;endif;ifdown2='1'thendown22<=down2;elsifdown3='1'thendown33<=down3;elsifdown4='1'thendown44<=down4;elsifdown5='1'thendown55<=down5;elsifdown6='1'thendown66<=down6;endif;ifclr='0'thenalarm<='0';a<='1';elsiffull='0'thenalarm<='1';door<="10";elsealarm<='0';a<='1';ifa='1'thenifopendoor='1'thendoor<="10";up<='0';down<='0';elsifen_up='1'thendoor<="00";updown<='1';up<='1';down<='0';elsifen_down='1'thendoor<="00";updown<='0';down<='1';up<='0';endif;endif;endif;----------------------------------------------ifg1='1'thenled<="0000110";ifk11='1'orup11='1'thenk11<='0';up11<='0';opendoor<='1';elsifuu_dd>"000001"thenen_up<='1';opendoor<='0';elsifuu_dd="000000"thenopendoor<='0';endif;elsifg2='1'thenled<="1011011";ifupdown='1'thenifk22='1'orup22='1'thenk22<='0';up22<='0';opendoor<='1';elsifuu_dd>"000011"thenen_up<='1';opendoor<='0';elsifuu_dd<"000010"anduu_dd/="000000"thenen_down<='1';opendoor<='0';endif;elseifk22='1'ordown22='1'thenk22<='0';down22<='0';opendoor<='1';elsifuu_dd<"000010"anduu_dd/="000000"thenen_down<='1';opendoor<='0';elsifuu_dd>"000011"thenen_up<='1';opendoor<='0';endif;endif;elsifg3='1'thenled<="1001111";ifupdown='1'thenifk33='1'orup33='1'thenk33<='0';up33<='0';opendoor<='1';elsifuu_dd>"000111"thenen_up<='1';opendoor<='0';elsifuu_dd<"000100"anduu_dd/="000000"thenen_down<='1';opendoor<='0';endif;elseifk33='1'ordown33='1'thenk33<='0';down33<='0';opendoor<='1';elsifuu_dd<"000100"anduu_dd/="000000"thenen_down<='1';opendoor<='0';elsifuu_dd>"000111"thenen_up<='1';opendoor<='0';endif;endif;---------------------------------------elsifg4='1'thenled<="1100110";ifupdown='1'thenifk44='1'orup44='1'thenk44<='0';up44<='0';opendoor<='1';elsifuu_dd>"001111"thenen_up<='1';opendoor<='0';elsifuu_dd<"001000"anduu_dd/="000000"thenen_down<='1';opendoor<='0';endif;elseifk44='1'ordown44='1'thenk44<='0';down44<='0';opendoor<='1';elsifuu_dd<"001000"anduu_dd/="000000"thenen_down<='1';opendoor<='0';elsifuu_dd>"001111"thenen_up<='1';opendoor<='0';endif;endif;elsifg5='1'thenled<="1101101";ifupdown='1'thenifk55='1'orup55='1'thenk55<='0';up55<='0';opendoor<='1';elsifuu_dd>"011111"thenen_up<='1';opendoor<='0';elsifuu_dd<"010000"anduu_dd/="000000"thenen_down<='1';opendoor<='0';endif;elseifk55='1'ordown55='1'thenk55<='0';down55<='0';opendoor<='1';elsifuu_dd<"010000"anduu_dd/="000000"thenen_down<='1';opendoor<='0';elsifuu_dd>"011111"thenen_up<='1';opendoor<='0';endif;endif;elsifg6='1'thenled<="1111101";ifk66='1'ordown66='1'thenk66<='0';down66<='0';opendoor<='1';elsifuu_dd<"100000"anduu_dd/="000000"thenen_down<='1';opendoor<='0';elseen_up<='0';en_down<='0';up<='0';updown<='0';endif;endif;endif;ifg6='1'thenup<='0';updown<='0';endif;ifg1='1'thendown<='0';updown<='0';endif;endprocess;endone;仿真结果：图1仿真图1图1状态为:当up1被按下后，电梯门开启，door置为“10，”乘客进入电梯，电梯检测到超重，full置‘0’，alarm置‘1’发出警报，直到电梯不超载为止，full置‘1’，alarm置‘0’。电梯内部乘客按下k5键（去五楼请求），电梯关门，door置为“00”，电机控制位up置“1”，电梯开始上升，与此同时，电梯状态指示ud置‘1’，表示上升。传感器输入电梯所在楼层信号，用g1-g6表示，置‘1’表示电梯所在楼层。在上升过程中，数码管显示电梯所在楼层数。LED到达五楼时，up置‘0’，door置“10”。由于六楼有下降请求，电梯继续上升接客。接到客后，乘客按下k1，down置‘1’，电梯下行，到达一楼卸客后，关门待命。实验体会：在这次实课程设计中，我们虽然碰到了很多困难和问题,到最后还是靠自己的努力与坚持独立的完成了任务。当遇到了自己无法解决的困难与问题的时候，还请教老师给予指导和帮助。这次设计给我最深的印象就是扩大自己的知识面，了解更多与本专业有关的科技信息，与时代共同进步，才能在将来成为有用的科技人才，觉得平时所学的知识有了实用的价值，达到了理论与实际相结合的目的，不仅学到了不少知识，而且锻炼了自己的能力，使自己对以后的路有了更加清楚的认识，同时，对未来有了更多的信心。参考文献：参考文献：[1]黄正巾，徐坚等.CPLD系统设计与应用[M].北京：电子工业出版社，2002,110~123.[2]蒋璇，臧春花.数字系统设计与PLD应用技术[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2001,23~34.[3]孟宪元.可编程ASIC集成数字系统[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2003,231~243.[4]潘松，王国栋.VHDL实用教