同义替换：阅读理解正确答案的最明显特征

同义替换：阅读理解正确答案的最明显特征同义替换：阅读理解正确答案的最明显特征同义替换：阅读理解正确答案的最明显特征同义替换：阅读理解正确答案的最明显特征编制仅供参考审核批准生效日期地址：电话：传真:邮编:研习专页Ⅰ——高考英语阅读理解正确答案的最明显特征：同义转化同义转化是高考英语阅读理解正确答案的最强特征，这种同义转化关联在传统的阅读理解题型中是答对每一道题目的关键，所以考生应花相当的精力积累同义词汇、表达，对于高考阅读获取高分具有举足轻重的意义。同义转化实则是英语语篇的一种语言特征和规律即语言复现现象。它广泛地体现在英语语篇中的各个角落如语篇中的同义结构（详见本书P22页的“同义、反义结构示例”部分）、题干和原文的同义转化关系、正确答案和原文的同义转化关系。甚至书面表达部分也要用到“同义转化”，书面表达有一条重要的评分细则就是语言的多样化和丰富性，实际上就是“同义转化”的体现。以下我们专门辑录了2014年高考英语阅读理解真题原文与题干+正确选项构成同义转化关系的实例，供大家慢慢体会。（注：囿于图书篇幅限制，仅列举很小一部分以飨读者。）1.原文：Inanefforttopreventlanguageloss,scholarsfromanumberoforganizations—UNESCOandNationalGeographicamongthem—haveformanyyearsbeendocumentingdyinglanguagesandtheculturestheyreflect.（2014新课标全国卷ⅠD篇）题干+正确选项：Manyscholarsaremakingeffortstorescuedisappearinglanguages.（2014新课标全国卷Ⅰ32）对应关系：Manyscholars=scholars；makingeffortsto=Inaneffortto；rescue=prevent、documenting；disappearinglanguages=languageloss、dyinglanguages；aremaking（现在进行时）时态对应have...beendocumenting（现在完成进行时）2.原文：Thebehaviourofabuilding’susersmaybeatleastasimportantasitsdesignwhenitcomestoenergyuse,accordingtonewresearchfromtheUKEnergyResearchCentre(UKERC).Butthisreportshowsthatsustainablebuildingdesignonitsown—thoughextremelyimportant—isnotenoughtoachievesuchreductions:thebehaviourofthepeopleusingthebuildinghastochangetoo.（2014湖南卷C篇）题干+正确选项：Astoenergyuse,thenewresearchfromUKERCstressestheimportanceofthebehaviourofbuildingusers.（2014湖南卷66）对应关系：energyuse=energyuse；thenewresearchfromUKERC=newresearchfromtheUKEnergyResearchCentre(UKERC)、thisreport；stresses=accordingto、shows；theimportance=asimportantas；thebehaviourofbuildingusers=Thebehaviourofabuilding’susers、thebehaviourofthepeopleusingthebuilding3.原文：Feedback(反馈)facilities,likesmartmetersandenergymonitors，couldhelpbridgethisinformationgapbyhelpingpeopleseehowchangingtheirbehaviourdirectlyaffectstheirenergyuse.（2014湖南卷C篇）题干+正确选项：Theinformationgapinenergyusecanbebridgedbyfeedbackfacilities.（2014湖南卷69）对应关系：Theinformationgap=thisinformationgap；energyuse=energyuse；canbebridgedby（被动）=couldhelpbridge（主动）；feedbackfacilities=Feedbackfacilities4.原文：Theideaofbeingabletowalkonwaterhaslonginterestedhumansgreatly.Sadly,biologicalfactspreventuseveraccomplishingsuchathingwithoutartificialaid—wesimplyweightoomuch,andallourmasspushesdownthroughourrelativelysmallfeet,resultinginalotofpressurethatmakesussink.（2014重庆卷C篇）题干+正确选项：Walkingonwaterhasn'tbecomearealitymainlybecausehumanshavebiologicallimitations.（2014重庆卷44）对应关系：Walkingonwater=walkonwater；hasn'tbecomeareality=preventuseveraccomplishingsuchathing；humans=humans；biologicallimitations=biologicalfacts5.原文：It'sgenerallybelievedthatpeopleactthewaytheydobecauseoftheirpersonalitiesandattitudes.（2014重庆卷E篇）题干+正确选项：Accordingtothepassage,personalitiesandattitudesarecommonlybelievedtodetermineone'sbehavior.（2014重庆卷52）对应关系：personalitiesandattitudes=theirpersonalitiesandattitudes；arecommonlybelievedto=It'sgenerallybelievedthat；determineone'sbehavior（determine暗示因果关系）=peopleactthewaytheydobecauseof（becauseof暗示因果关系）6.原文：Allthese,however,remainstrueonlyinsofaraspeoplewanttoaccepttechnologyandmoveforwardbyfindingnewandmoreefficientwaysofdoingthings.（2014江西卷D篇）题干+正确选项：AccordingtoParagraph1,progresscanbenefitpeoplewhentheyarewillingtoaccepttechnologyandadvancesteadily.（2014江西卷70）对应关系：progress=Allthese；benefitpeople=remainstrue...insofaraspeople；when=only；theyarewillingto=peoplewantto；accepttechnology=accepttechnology；advancesteadily=moveforward7.原文：AshasbeenalltooapparentinrecentdaysatBalcombe,fewissuescausegreaterconcernthanenergypolicy.（2014福建卷E篇）题干+正确选项：Wecanlearnfromthefirstparagraphthatenergypolicycatchesmuchattentionofthepublic.（2014福建卷72）对应关系：energypolicy=energypolicy；catchesmuchattentionofthepublic=fewissuescausegreaterconcern（greater暗示比较级）8.原文：Supportersinsistthatwindmustbepartofamixofrenewables,nuclearandcarbon,andthatthecountryiscommittedtomeetingEU(EuropeanUnion)targetsfornon-carbonenergygeneration.（2014福建卷E篇）题干+正确选项：SupportersthinkthattheexpansionofwindpoweragreeswithEUtargetsfornon-carbonenergygeneration.（2014福建卷73）对应关系：Supportersthinkthat=Supportersinsistthat；theexpansionofwindpower=wind；agreeswith=meeting；EUtargets=EU(EuropeanUnion)targets；fornon-carbonenergygeneration=fornon-carbonenergygeneration9.原文：Thefindingsmayimpacthowweunderstandtheformationofcultureinsocietiesthroughsociallearning.（2014湖北卷C篇）题干+正确选项：Dr.Carter’sfindingsindicatethatourculturemightbeformedthroughlearningfromeachother.（2014湖北卷62篇）对应关系：Dr.Carter’sfindings=Thefindings；ourculture=cultureinsocieties；mightbe（暗示可能性语气）=may（暗示可能性语气）；beformed=theformationof；learningfromeachother=sociallearning10.原文：Ifwealwaysreproducedwhatwastherebefore,wewouldallstillbelivingincaves.Thus,Iwouldargueagainstcopyingpreviousarchitecturalstylesandchoosesomethingfreshanddifferent,eventhoughthatmightbethemoreriskychoice.（2014安徽卷D篇）题干+正确选项：By“movethingsforward”inthelastparagraph,theauthorprobablymeans“choosenewarchitecturalstyles”.（2014安徽卷70）对应关系：choosenewarchitecturalstyles=argueagainstcopyingpreviousarchitecturalstyles、choosesomethingfreshanddifferent11.原文：Astheresultofhiswork,Ebbesmeyerhasbecomeknownasthescientisttocallwithquestionsaboutanyunusualobjectsfoundfloatingintheocean.（2014广东卷D篇）题干+正确选项：Ebbesmeyerismostfamousforphoningaboutanydoubtfulobjectsonthesea.（2014广东卷44）对应关系：Ebbesmeyerismostfamousfor=Ebbesmeyerhasbecomeknownas；phoningabout=callwithquestionsabout；anydoubtfulobjects=anyunusualobjects；onthesea=foundfloatingintheocean12.原文：ItwasHenryThoreauwhoshowedmankindtherichnessofgoingonfoot.Themanwalkingcanlearnthetrees,flowers,insects,birdsandanimals,thesignificanceofseasons,theveryfeelofhimselfasalivingcreatureinalivingworld.（2014天津卷D篇）题干+正确选项：TheauthormentionsHenryThoreautoprovethatwalkinginnaturehelpsenrichone’smind.（2014天津卷53）对应关系：HenryThoreau=HenryThoreau；walkinginnature=goingonfoot、walking；helpsenrichone’smind=showedmankindtherichness、learn...13.原文：Toreachourgoaloflosingweight—theoutput,weneedtocontrolwhatweeat—theinput(输入).Thatis,wetendtocareabouttheoutputbutnottocontroltheinput.Thisisabadwaytoconstructgoals.（2014北京卷C篇）题干+正确选项：Thewriterthinksthatsettingweightlossasagoalisamistakebecauseitisfocusedtoomuchontheresult.（2014北京卷63）对应关系：settingweightlossasagoal=Toreachourgoaloflosingweight；amistake=abadwaytoconstructgoals；isfocusedtoomuchontheresult（toomuch暗示比较级）=wetendtocareabouttheoutputbutnottocontroltheinput（butnotto暗示比较级）14.原文：Infact,theoppositeistrue:treessurvivethroughtheirco-operationandsupport,passingaroundnecessarynutrition"dependingonwhoneedsit".（2014辽宁卷C篇）题干+正确选项：Theunderlinedsentence"theoppositeistrue"inParagraph2probablymeansthattreesdependoneachother.（2014辽宁卷29）对应关系：theoppositeistrue=theoppositeistrue；treesdependoneachother=treessurvivethroughtheirco-operationandsupport=passingaroundnecessarynutrition"dependingonwhoneedsit"15.原文：Butyourprimaryconcernistoletthemknowtheyarevalued.（2014四川卷A篇）题干+正确选项：Thevolunteers’primaryresponsibilityistohelppeoplewithlearningdisabilitiestorealizetheirownimportance.（2014四川卷33）对应关系：Thevolunteers’primaryresponsibility=yourprimaryconcern；isto=isto；peoplewithlearningdisabilities=them；realizetheirownimportance=knowtheyarevalued16.原文：Economicsdealswiththisproblemthroughtheconceptofopportunitycost,whichsimplyreferstowhethersomeone’stimeormoneycouldbebetterspentonsomethingelse.（2014江苏卷B篇）题干+正确选项：Accordingtothepassage,theconceptof“opportunitycost”isappliedtoweighingthechoiceofopportunities.（2014江苏卷58）对应关系：theconceptof“opportunitycost”=theconceptofopportunitycost；isappliedto=refersto；weighingthechoiceofopportunities（weighing暗示比较级）=whether...couldbebetter...（bebetter暗示比较级）17.原文：Incontemporaryculture,physicalexpressionsofangeraregenerallyconsideredtoosociallyharmfultobetolerated.Wenolongerregardduels(决斗)asanappropriateexpressionofangerresultingfromoneperson’sawarenessofinsultingbehaviouronthepartofanother.（2014江苏卷C篇）题干+正确选项：The“duels”exampleinParagraph2provesthattheexpressionofangerissociallyandculturallyshaped.（2014江苏卷61）对应关系：The“duels”example=duels；theexpressionofanger=physicalexpressionsofanger；sociallyandculturallyshaped=aregenerallyconsideredtoosociallyharmfultobetolerated18.原文：Somenights,inordertotastemyvictorymorecompletely,Icheated.IwouldstopatthemostexcitingpartofastorybyJackLondonorBretHarte,andwithoutwarningtellthemthatthatwasasfarasIhadgoneinthebookanditwouldhavetobecontinuedthefollowingevening.Itwasnottrue,ofcourse;butIhadtomakecertainofmynew-foundpowerandposition.（2014浙江卷D篇）题干+正确选项：Sometimesthewriterstoppedatthemostexcitingpartofastorytoexperiencemorejoyofachievement.（2014浙江卷59）对应关系：Sometimes=Somenights；thewriterstopped=Iwouldstop；atthemostexcitingpartofastory=atthemostexcitingpartofastory；experiencemorejoyofachievement（more暗示比较级）=tastemyvictorymorecompletely（more暗示比较级）、makecertainofmynew-foundpowerandposition19.原文：Forexample,abirdcalledtheploversometimespretendstobehurtinordertoprotectitsyoung.（2014上海卷A篇）题干+正确选项：Aploverprotectsitsyoungfromapred