(完整版)托福写作必备高分词汇常用短语汇总

以学生为中心的 以学生为中心的 adj.student-centered为社会健康发展做贡献 为社会健康发展做贡献 contributetosocietalwell-being(orwelfare)托福写作必备高分词汇I常用短语汇总Education作业(注意它是可数名词，与 homework不同)n.assignment选修课n.elective学分n.credit青少年n.adolescent;青春期的adj.adolescent青少年childrenandyouth教学法teaching/pedagogicalmethodology适应adapttosth./adjustoneselftosth./becomeaccustomedtosth.适应能力 n.adaptability应用v.apply把学生分开教育 segregatestudents团队精神 teamspirit独立思考 thinkindependently在理解的基础上学习 learnthingsthroughunderstanding学生的反馈students'feedback'performanee学生评价老师的教学 'performanee通才n.generalist专才n.specialist全面发展的 adj.well-rounded人文学科n.humanities社会科学 socialsciences艺术n.arts文科总称 n.liberalstudies/arts理科n.sciences工科n.engineering基础科学 basicsciences应用科学 appliedsciences学科(通称);纪律n.discipline管教vt.discipline自制力n.self-discipline小(中、大)学教育primary-level(orsecondary-level/tertiary-level)education职业教育 vocationaleducation/training互动eract学校给学生的教育n.schooling学校提供的课程总称 n.curriculum(pl.curricula)心理的adj.psychological参与 n.participation~involvement干扰 n.distraction记忆 vt.memorize获取 vt.acquire以教师为中心的 adj.teacher-centered熟练掌握 熟练掌握 beproficientin榜样rolemodel同龄人n.peer对孩子或者其他弱者过度保护 adj.overprotective动力n.motivation沮丧n.frustration家长给小孩的教育 n.parenting用批判的眼光去看问题的能力 criticalthinkingabilities(某方面的)意识n.awareness(of)有创造力的adj.creative/original对 非常熟悉 adj.well-acquainted(with)表现出色 performwell为 打好基础 layasolidfoundationfor自尊n.self-esteem尊严n.dignity评估n.evaluation对 非常好的掌握n.mastery好奇心n.curiosity精英n.elite应试教育 test-orientededucation富于想象力的 imaginative沉迷于indulgein…沉迷于发人深思的 adj.thought-provoking无知的adj.ignorant文盲（的）n.&adj.illiterate学龄前儿童或者上学前班的儿童 n.preschooler对文字技能的掌握 n.literacy对数学知识的掌握 n.numeracy误入歧途 goastray给人新鲜感的 adj.refreshing令人振奋的 adj.uplifting给人动力的 adj.motivating单亲家庭 n.single-parentfamily未成年人 n.minors溺爱vt.spoil青少年犯罪 juveniledelinquency/youthcrime欺负（当名词是喜欢欺负人的孩子”的意思）vt.&n.bully逃学n.truancy很有启发的 adj.enlightening成型的阶段formativeyears植物学n.botany天文学n.astronomy培养v.cultivate/foster/nurture促进学生身心发展 promotethestudent'sphysical/mental（orintellectual）andemotionaldevelopment心理健康 psychologicalsoundness/well-being/welfare给学生以动力 givethestudentsmotivationtodosth./motivatethestudentstodosth.传授知识 impart/inculcateknowledge灌输高尚的道德观 instillhighmoralvalues给学生以灵感 givethestudentsinspiration学生对老师所教知识的掌握 students'grasp(orcommand)ofwhathasbeentaught就业技能 employable(ormarketable)skills填鸭式教法教学生 force-feedthestudents学生不应该只是被动接受知识的容器。 Studentsshouldnotbetreatedaspassivereceptaclesofpredigestedideas.死记硬背 learnthingsbyrote为了记忆而记忆memorizeformemorization'sownsake责任感asenseofobligation/duty/res-ponsibility记忆方程式、公式、定理、定律 memorizeequations,formulas,theoremsandlaws盲从followsth.blindly/followsth.indiscriminately限制创造力的发展extinguish/stifle/constraincreativity打击学生的积极性dampen(orsap)thestudents 'enthusiasm/ frustratethestudents产生不必要的压力beget/createunduepressure塑造某人的性格 塑造某人的性格 moldone'scharacter来自其他同学的压力peerpressure逆境n.adversecircumstances/adversity鼓励学生用辩证的眼光看问题 encouragethestudentstothinkcritically课外活动extra-curricularactivities学校是社会的缩影。 Aschoolissocietyinminiature.不遵守纪律n.indiscipline/misbehavior/mischief违反纪律的学生 disruptive/unrulystudents理论知识theoreticalknowledge双语的adj.bilingual形容人嘴特碎的 adj.nagging有趣的adj.stimulating认知的adj.cognitive监护人n.guardian中学毕业当年成绩最优秀的学生 n.valedictorian大学毕业成绩最顶尖 graduatesummacumlaude阐明，解释清楚 vt.illuminate（学生）自我管理n.autonomy启迪n.edification具体一门课的内容n.syllabusTechnology非常先进的 非常先进的 adj.state-of-the-art尖端的adj.cutting-edge彻底变革vt.revolutionize自动化的adj.automated机械化的adj.mechanized电脑生成的 puter-generated组装线assemblyline大规模生产 mass-production省钱的adj.cost-effective/economical深刻改变vt.transform突破n.breakthrough打破（传统的）界限breakboundaries无限的可能endlesspossibilities发展v.&n.advanee信息过剩informationoverload信息爆炸informationexplosion自给自足n.self-sufficiency虚拟世界thevirtualworld脱离现实bedetachedfromreality（电脑的）摄像头n.webcam不可想象的 adj.inconceivable哈勃太空望远镜 哈勃太空望远镜 theHubbleSpaceTelescope取代人力的机器 取代人力的机器 labor-replacingmachinery远程通讯 n.telecommunications高生产率的 ductive自动化n.automation可利用的 adj.available新颖的adj.novel耐用的adj.durable对用户友好的，方便使用的 adj.user-friendly常规的adj.conventional增进，提高vt.enhance=boost力口速speedup/accelerate生产，制造vt.manufacture标准化的 adj.standardized印刷机printingpress电报n.telegraph外科手术 n.surgery采用vt.adopt在家远程上班 n.telecommuting网络银行（业务）onlinebanking提高效率 augment/enhance/boostefficiency提高生产效率 augment/enhance/boostproductivity减少人力的机器 labor-savingmachinery自动化n.automation生物技术n.biotechnology克隆v.clone远程通讯n.telecommunications太空探索spaceexploration/spaceprobe人的基因构成 one'sgeneticmakeup/one'sDNAprogramming仓U新n.innovations有独创性的，精巧的adj.ingenious以惊人的速度atastaggeringrate超轻的adj.ultra-lightweight超薄的adj.ultra-thin便携的adj.portable天线n.antenna器官移植organtransplant心脏起搏器 n.pacemaker交易n.transactions载人登月 mannedlandingontheMoon载人航天器 mannedspacecraft通讯卫星telecommunicationssatellite气象卫星weathersatellite/meteorologicalsatellite发射台launchpad防弹背心 bulletproofvest尖端的技术 cutting-edgetechnology信息爆炸 informationexplosion(orover-load)互联网的广泛应用 theproliferationoftheInternet/theextensiveuseoftheInternet/thewidespreaduseoftheInternet科技创新及发展 technologicalinnovations/inventions/advances/progressionsMedia好奇心n.curiosity可靠的adj.dependable/trustworthy报道n.coverage成为头条新闻 makeheadlines有新闻价值的 adj.newsworthy信息量大的 rmative娱乐性强的 adj.entertaining商品modity商业化的 mercialized隐私n.privacy收视率n.ratings指某种事物在互联网、媒体或者公众中快速传开 goviral评价过高的 adj.overratedi己者n.journalists新闻界thepress（多半指女孩子）追星族n.groupies追星族n.teenyboppern.icon某种文化的代表人物，如体育、音乐或电影等的最优秀人物演员在影视作品或者广告中突然成功 makeasplashn.icon澄清vt.clarify审查n.censorship夸大事实 blowthingsoutofproportion完全与世隔绝 entirelycutofffromtheoutsideworld（媒体）影响（公众意见）vt.sway电视、收音机或者互联网上的广告 mercial小传单广告 n.flyer大幅广告牌 n.billboard海报n.poster小报儿n.tabloid有奖竞猜节目 quizshow真人秀realityshow情景喜剧n.sitcom肥皂剧soapopera综艺节目 varietyshow时事currentaffairs印刷媒体theprintmedia电子媒体theelectronicmedia报道新闻的机构 newsoutlets充斥着 beawashwith/beinundatedwith/besaturatedwith审查v.censor删除v.delete/eliminate/excise过多的暴力与色情内容 excessive(orgratuitous)violentandpornographiccontents有误导性的adj.misleading/misrepresented/distorted诈骗性的 adj.fraudulent虚假的adj.false/bogus报道非常详尽的细节reportsth.ingraphicdetail夸大事件exaggeratethings/sensationalizethings/blowthingsoutofallproportions公正客观的 objectiveandbalaneed揭露v.expose/reveal侵犯隐私violate(orintrudeon/infringeon )someone'sprivacy毁坏某人的名誉 tarnish/sully/smear/besmirchone 'sreputation狗仔队n.(pl.)paparazzi名人n.(pl.)celebrities丑闻n.scandals掩盖v.coverup/glossover/whitewash客观的adj.objective不客观的 adj.biased/skewed/unobjective如实的描述factualaccounts可信的adj.reliable/trustworthy/dependable及时的up-to-date/up-to-minute道德准贝U codeofethics/codeofconduct监督vt.scrutinize无处不在的 adj.ubiquitous/prevalent荒唐的，可笑的 adj.absurd/ludicrous高调的/低调的adj.high-profile/low-profile独家新闻exclusivenews（明星的）光环theglitzandglamour魅力四射的adj.glamorous处在公众注意力的焦点 inthespotlight/inthelimelight媒体炒作mediahype传闻n.gossip捏造的adj.fabricatedSuccess决心n.determination座右铭n.motto家喻户晓的名字 ahouseholdname有一定成就的（形容人）adj.established辉煌的adj.glorious绝望n.&vi.despair适应能力强的adj.adaptable名望n.fame（很高的）声望n.prestige名声n.reputation不幸n.misfortune概率bability残疾的adj.disabled在某方面成功succeedinsth.态度n.attitude毅力n.tenacity/perseveranee一种直接而且被证明有效的去除 的方法aprovenandstraightforwardwaytodosth.努力去做的事情 mitment/undertaking/endeavor很有本事极容易成功的人 go-getter很多人都希望得到的 adj.highly-sought-after逆境n.adversity/hardship彳艮渴望得至U have ayearning/longing/cravingforsth.个人通过自身努力获得更高社会地位的可能性upwardmobility个人通过自身努力获得更高社会地位的可能性重大的过错重大的过错n.blunder优秀的adj.remarkableexcellent outstanding distinguished意志力n.willpower挫折n.setback坚忍不拔的 adj.rugged顽固的adj.stubborn决定性的，有决断力的 adj.decisive不可逾越的adj.insurmountable某方面技能很高 beadeptin不知名的，默默无闻的 adj.obscure身份和地位的象征statussymbol战略，行动安排 n.strategy坚持adhereto对手n.rival不切实际的幻想 n.illusion不可缺少的，绝对必要的 adj.indispensable深思熟虑的adj.well-thought-out从贫穷到富有的成功故事 arags-to-richesstory昙花一现beaflashinthepan长处n.(pl.)strengths弱点n.(pl.)weaknesses可以原谅的错误n.peccadillo有魅力的 adj.charismaticGovernment废除（法律、制度等）vt.abolish实施vt.implement使 合法化vt.legalize首要任务 n.priority建立vt.establish减轻、缓解vt.alleviate=ease=relieve当局theauthorities禁止vt.forbid/prohibit立法n.legislation税收taxrevenue民主的adj.democratic高效率的 adj.efficient优化资源分酉己 optimizethedistributionofres-ources稳定n.stability解决vt.Combat=tackle=resolve=address=grapplewith严厉的，严格的 adj.stringent短视的adj.short-sighted支出，花费n.expenditure社会保险socialsecurity老百姓n.citizens/thecitizenry规范，管理 v.regulate/monitor/oversee严禁strictlyprohibit/banaltogether严格的法律stringentlaws/legislation强制性的，按照法律或者规定必须做的 adj.mandatory/compulsory监督n.scrutiny监督v.scrutinize/monitor为 拨款allocatemoneytosth./beapatronof/investin/fund/dedicatemoneytosth.预算n.budget政府开支thegovernmentspending/expenditureonsth.削减v.curtail增力口v.augment当务之急n.priority把 当作当务之急giveprioritytosth.责任n.duty/responsibility/obligation军备竞赛n.armsrace自卫n.self-defense国土安全nationalsecurity/homelandsecurity缺乏远见的政策 short-sightedpolicy扩张n.expansion/aggression谋求霸权seek/pursuehegemony恶性循环aviciouscircle地区不稳定因素 destabilizingfactors规章制度rulesandregulations太空竞赛spacerace武器n.arms/weapons/armaments下岗工人laid-offworkers/downsizedworkers失业n.unemployment/joblessness基础设施n.infrastructure公共交通系统 publictransportation/transitsystem电网powergrid石油天然气管线 pipelines给排水系统watersupplyanddrainagesystem民主与开明的政府 ademocraticandprogressivegovernment临时的应急措施 astopgapmeasureFriends察觉到vt.detect夕卜貌n.appearanee吸引，吸引力n.attraction喜欢社交的 adj.sociable表述清晰的，口才好的表述清晰的，口才好的adj.eloquent忠实的adj.loyal志向ambition陪伴pany（人）动手能力强的，（物品）轻便的adj.handy乐于并善于合作的 erative有条理的 anized聪明的elligent有天赋的，有才华的 adj.gifted/talented体育好的 adj.athletic无忧无虑的，乐天派的 happy-go-lucky/carefree相互的adj.mutual有艺术气息的 adj.artistic真诚的adj.sincere直率的adj.candid/frank背叛vt.betray敌意n.animosity/antagonism靠不住的朋友 fair-weatherfriend好感，关爱n.affection拥抱n.&vt.hug安慰某人 vt.reassuresb./comfortsb.肤浅的，表面化的 adj.superficial/shallow永恒的adj.eternal活泼的，活跃的 adj.lively谦虚的adj.modest尴尬的adj.awkward对自己所处状态感到紧张或缺乏自信的心态 adj.self-conscious两难的困境n.dilemma确定性n.certainty真实的，真正的adj.genuine低估v.underestimate美德n.virtue调解v.reconcile荒唐可笑的adj.absurd/ridiculous很烦人的adj.irritating承受力或者恢复能力强的 adj.resilient低调的adj.low-profile/low-key很支持的adj.supportive有感染力的adj.contagious豁达的，接受能力强的 adj.open-minded狭隘的生活态度 aparochialoutlooktowardlife喜欢独处的solitary内向的adj.reserved富有同情心的passionate优雅的优雅的adj.elegant 〜graceful不爱多说话的adj.reticent让某人逐渐放得开 bringapersonoutofhis/hershell本意虽好但把事情做砸了的 adj.well-intentioned/well-meaning自我欺骗 n.self-deception爱骗人的 adj.deceitful自信的adj.assertive/self-assured容忍的adj.tolerant机灵的adj.witty有智慧的 adj.wise体贴人的 adj.considerate/thoughtful理解他人的，善解人意的 adj.understanding口齿清楚的，表达能力强的adj.articulate很逗的adj.amusing极度搞笑的 adj.hilarious过于自我的 adj.egotistical漠然的adj.indifferent(to)孤立的adj.isolated喜欢虚荣的 adj.vain懒散的adj.laid-back很友善的 adj.congenial好朋友n.chum花束n.bouquet杰出的minent（人）老练的，（工具）复杂高端的 adj.sophisticated顽强的adj.touch琐碎的adj.trivialEnvironment污染物n.pollutant尽可能减少，最小化vt.minimize倾倒vt.dump循环使用 vt.recycle灌溉n.irrigation居住于 vt.inhabit节约使用 v.conserve保护v.preserve再利用v.reuse/recycle短缺n.shortage/scarcity/dearth/lack污染v.pollute生态系统 theecosystem有益于环保的adj.eco-friendly环境恶化 environmentaldegradation/environmentaldeterioration当地的居民localresident/localinhabitants紫外线ultraviolet(UV)rays皮肤癌skincancer防晒霜n.sunscreen有毒的adj.poisonous/toxic无毒的adj.non-toxic免疫系统immunesystem一次性的 adj.disposable(人)吸入vt.inhale负面影响adverseeffects沙尘暴n.sandstorm砍伐森林n.deforestation可以被环境吸收的 adj.biodegradable联合的jointeffort/concertedeffort国际社会而不是国际社区 theinternationalcommunity臭氧层ozonelayer对 形成压力putastrainon…有环保意识的adj.environmentally-conscious不可逆的 adj.irreversible化学反应chemicalreactions安静的，宁静的 tranquilandserene有限的自然资源limited/finitenaturalresources替代性能源alternativeenergy商品包装的总称n.packaging污染vt.contaminate二氧化碳排放 carbondioxideemission(s)汽车尾气 exhaustfumes酸雨acidrain冰川n.glacier排放(污染物)vt.discharge可持续发展 sustainabledevelopment节约vt.conserve植被n.vegetation光合作用 n.photosynthesis太阳能solarenergy风能windenergy核能nuclearenergy水电n.hydropower烟雾重的 adj.smoggy呼吸系统疾病 respiratorydisease极大的痛苦 n.agony人造的adj.artificial改变，变更vt.alter适当的adj.appropriate愤慨的adj.indignant鼓励环保gogreen开采自然资源exploitnaturalresources热带雨林 n.rainforests侵蚀vt.erode连锁反应 chainreaction水波效应，连锁反应 rippleeffect蝴蝶效应，连锁反应 butterflyeffect彻底改变我们的生活 reshapeourlives贫瘠的土地 barren/infertileland肥沃的土地fertileland警惕n.&vt.caution化肥chemicalfertilizer杀虫齐Un.pesticide丰富的，充裕的 adj.abundant辐射n.radiation（多指对环境、建筑等）破坏wreakhavoconsth.恶化v.deteriorate/aggravate生态平衡ecologicalbalanceecologicalequilibrium可持续发展 sustainabledevelopment环保主义者n.environmentalists/conservationists对环境无害的 adj.environmentally-friendly各国必须携手解决环境问题 countriesonthisplanetmustjoinforces/makeaconcertedeffortunite/combatenvironmentalproblems增强公众关于 的意识raise(orelevate)thepublicawarenessofsth.让资源承受很大压力 putastrainontheresources/stretchresourcestothelimit破坏自然环境 wreakhavoconnaturalresources砍伐森林 n.deforestation增加农产品产量 boostcropyield可再生资源 renewableresources消耗v.consume/deplete用尽useupexhaust严厉的措施n.harshactions/measures某一地区所有生物总称 thewildlifeinaregion生物的多样性 n.biodiversity污水n.effluent/sewage温室效应 greenhouseeffect严重的adj.severe白色污染产生的垃圾 non-biodegradablegarbage谴责而不是纵容 condemnratherthancondonesth.肥沃的土壤fertilesoil贫瘠的土壤infertilesoil耕地n.arablelandFamily老年人elderlypeople/seniorcitizens亲情familybonds/familyties家庭观念 familyvalues增强，加固vt.strengthen/reinforce酉己偶n.spouse家里的孩子n.offspring兄弟姐妹n.sibling(s)兄弟姐妹间的互相竞争 n.siblingrivalry表兄弟/姐妹n.cousin家务事householdchores相互的支持与谅解 n.give-and-take性格冲突personalityclash家庭用品，特别常指家电 household即pliances被 所拖累betieddownby代沟generationgap家人one'simmediatefamily亲戚one'srelatives只有父母和孩子一起住的小家庭 nuclearfamily一大家子人extendedfamily社区n.neighborhood依恋依恋attachmentto …/affinityfor对 的依恋anattachmenttosth./anaffinityforsth.传家宝familyheirloom家庭团聚 familyreunion血浓于水 Bloodisthickerthanwater.归属感asenseofbelonging单亲家庭 single-parenthouseholds虐待v.mistreatviolenee家庭暴力 domesticviolenee毒品上瘾addictiontodrugs/beaddictedtodrugs禾口谐n.harmonyIntro段介绍背景：在当代TOC\o"1-5"\h\zCurrently, …Atpresent, …Incontemporary/modernsociety,Nowadays,…Inthepresentage, …Today,Heatedcontroversiesover +TopicHeatedcontroversiesover +Topic表示重要的词:Key/essential/vital/important/significant/critical/indispensable…playakeyrolein ……isincreasinglyimportantinourdailylife.表示冋题严重:Theproblemof…isbecomingincreasinglysevere/worrying/disturbing.引起讨论hascause/arousedhasbeenbroughtintofocus.Recently,theriseinproblemof/phenomenonofpublic/popular/wide/worldwideconcern.hascause/arousedhasbeenbroughtintofocus.Recently,theriseinproblemof/phenomenonof…isyetanothernewandbittertruthwehavetolearntofacenow.…areplayingimportantrolesinourlives.Whether…hasbeenatopicofdiscussion.Whether…sparksmuchdebate.…areplayingimportantrolesinourlives.Whether…hasbeenatopicofdiscussion.Whether…sparksmuchdebate.Theyclaim/believe/arguethat ButIwonder/doubtwhetherTheyclaim/believe/arguethat ButIwonder/doubtwhetherNowpeoplebecoi,butIthinl,othersargue/claimthattheNowpeoplebecoi,butIthinl,othersargue/claimthatthe陈述观点:别人的观点：Itiswidely(generally/commonly/extensively/universally)acceptedthatNow,itiscommonly/generally/widelybelieved/held/acknowledgethatGenerallyspeaking, …Itisunders tandableforsomepeopletoholdtheopinionthatItiswidelyrecognized/acknowledgedthatNowpeopleingrowing/significantnumbersbegin/cometorealize/acceptthat…Nowthereisagrowingawarenessofthenecessitytoincreasinglya wareoftheimportaneeof …Perhapsitistimetohaveafreshlookattheattitudes/ideathatItisawell-knownfactthat …用于表达个人观点：Whenaskedabout …,thevastmajorityofpeoplesaythatbitdifferently.Whenitcomesto …,somepeoplebelievethatoppositeistrue.Thereisprobablysometruthinbotharguments/statements,butItendtothe •…/preferthat •…/thelatter.TOC\o"1-5"\h\zIthinkthat …Personally(sp eaking),Ibelieve/holdtheview/perspectivethatIamconvincedthat …AsfarasIamconcerned, …Itendtobelievethat …Ifirmlybelievethat …Iwouldconcede/admitthat …Iwouldsuggestthat …Mysuggestion(concerningthismatter)isthatMyview/perspectiveisthat …Body段用于观点句：提出论点一：Tostartwith,/Tobeginwith,/Firstly,/Initially,/Firstofall, …TheprimaryfactorweneedtotakeintoconsiderationisthatThefirstpointregardingthisisthatTheprimaryreasonforthisisthat表示递进（提出论点二）TOC\o"1-5"\h\zMoreover, …/Furthermore, …/Besides, …Secondly,…/Inthesecondplace …Inaddition, …Foranother, …Anotherpointisthat …表示最后（提出论点三）：/Consequently,Lastly,…/Finally, …/Eventually, …//Consequently,Lastbutnotleast, …Moreimportantly …Aboveall,…Thelastpointisthat …用于解释：…，thatistosay, （也就是说…-…，inotherwords, …Ortoputitinthisway, …Simplyput, …Inshort, …Itmeans…Specifically, （具体说来）TOC\o"1-5"\h\zTobemorespecific/exact/precise, …Infact, …Asamatteroffact, …表示举例：Forexample, …Forinstanee, …Taking…asanexample