托福专业分类词汇最新版

AcademicVocabularyTOC\o"1-5"\h\z\o"CurrentDocument"地理学 2\o"CurrentDocument"地质学 3天文学 4\o"CurrentDocument"气象学 6生物学 7动物学 9植物学 11\o"CurrentDocument"微生物学 12生态学 13\o"CurrentDocument"能源和环境 14数学 15\o"CurrentDocument"物理学 16化学 18\o"CurrentDocument"考古学 19建筑学 20美术（绘画和雕塑） 20音乐 20摄影 21文学 21\o"CurrentDocument"教育学 22人物 22?地理学geography地理学geographer地理学家hemisphere半球meridian子午线/经线parallel平行圈latitude纬线longitude经度elevation海拔altitude高度/海拔temperatelatitudes温带地区horizon地平线equator赤道tropic热带地区Arctic/thenorthpoled匕极Antarctic(Antarctica) 南极(南极洲)theAntarcticcontinent南极洲Antarcticcircle 南极圈Aurora极光TropicofCancer 北回归线TropicofCapricorn南回归线internationaldateline 国际日期变更线timedifference时差expedition探险timezone时区topography地形/地形学plain平原plateau(highland)高地lowland低地basin盆地oasis绿洲peak山峰cavern(cave)洞穴terrain地域subterranean(underground)地底下coastland沿海地区coastline海岸线watershed分水岭upperreaches上游lowerreaches下游tributary支流deposit沉积spring/fountain泉水iceberg冰山riverbed河床gulf/bay海湾waterfall瀑布reef暗礁tide潮水tropicalrainforest热带雨林island岛屿continentalisland大陆岛volcanicisland火山岛coralisland珊瑚岛islet小岛peninsular半岛archipelago群岛delta三角洲landlockedarea内陆continent大陆inlandwaterway内陆河subcontinent次大陆range山脉cliff山崖valley山谷，峡谷hillside/mountainslope 山坡continentalshelf 大陆架canyon峡谷channel(strait)海峡remote-sensing遥感的terrestrial地球的/陆地的terrestrialheat(geothermal)地热terrestrialmagnetism(geomagnetism)地磁continentaldrifttheory 大陆漂移学说sea-floorspreading 海床扩展evaporation蒸发salinity含盐度oceanbottom海床sediment沉淀物/沉积物tropical热带的temperate温带的frigid寒带的formation形成frostheaving 冻涨现象fieldstone卵石

?地质学geology地质学geologist地质学家stratum(pl:strata),layer地层stratigraphy地层学crust地壳mantle地幔core地核continentalcrust 大陆地壳oceaniccrust 海洋地壳plate板块fault断层faultplane断层面faultzone断层带rift(crack,split)断裂disintegration(decomposition)分解erosion腐蚀fossil化石outercore外核igneousrock火成岩metamorphicrock变质岩volcanic火山岩quartz石英quartzite石英岩sedimentaryrock沉积岩limestone石灰岩granite花岗岩marble大理石lithosphere岩石圈magma/moltenlava岩浆mineral矿物ore矿石deposit矿床platinum白金/钳silver银copper黄铜aluminum铝tin锡lead铅zinc锌nickel馍mercury汞/水银sodium钠北半球冰川期ngem玉石diamond钻石emerald绿宝石ruby红宝石theNorthernHemisphereglacier冰川glacial冰川的glacialepoch(age,period)glacialdrift冰渍volcano火山activevolcano活火山extinctvolcano死火山北半球冰川期neruption火山喷发crater火山口lava火山岩浆volcanic火山的volcanicdust火山尘volcanicash火山灰earthquake(quake,tremor,seism)地震seismic地震的seismology地震学geonomy地球学magnitude震级seismicwave地震波cataclysm灾变tidalforce/tsunami 海啸meltglobalwarming 全球逐渐变暖aquifer蓄水层swam阳泽vegetation植被GreatCanyon大峡谷naturalwonder自然景观NileRiver尼罗河Coloradoriver科罗拉多河Geologicsurvey地质调查GreenwichMeanTime格林尼治时间desert沙漠coastline海岸线tributary支流volcanoeruption火山爆发??天文学astronomy天文学astronomical天文的astronomicalobservatory天文台planetarium天文馆astronomer天文学家astrophysics 天文物理学astrology占星学pseudoscience伪科学cosmos(universe)宇宙infinite无限的cosmic宇宙的cosmicradiation宇宙辐射cosmicrays宇宙射线celestial天体的celestialbody(heavenlybody)天体celestialmap(skyatlas)天体图celestialsphere 天球dwarf(dwarfstar) 矮星quasar类星体constellation星座galaxy(MilkyWay)银河系starcluster星团asterism星群solarsystem 太阳系solarcorona 日冕solareclipse日食solarradiation太阳辐射satellite卫星planet行星comet彗星planetoid(asteroid)小行星revolve旋转twinkle闪烁nakedeye肉眼Mercury水星Venus金星Earth地球Mars火星Jupiter木星Saturn土星Uranus天王星Neptune海王星Pluto冥王星orbit轨道spin旋转lunar月球的meteor流星meteorshower流星雨meteoroid流星体meteorite陨石space(outerspace)太空，夕卜层空间spacecraft(spaceship)宇宙飞船spaceman(astronaut)宇航员spacesuit宇航服spaceshuttle 航天飞机spacetelescope 空间望远镜star恒星stellar恒星的intergalactic 星系间的interstellar 恒星间的interplanetary行星间的asteroid小行星nebula星云spacedebris太空垃圾ammonia氨corona日冕chromosphere色球photosphere光球convectionzone对流层vacuum真空absolutemagnitude 绝对量级radiation辐射emission发射/散发high-resolution 高清晰度interferometer干扰仪illusiveobject 幻影体faint微弱的image影像gravitational 吸弓I力molten熔化的(金属、岩石)leapyear闰年rotation自转revolution公转sunspot太阳黑子blackhole黑洞ultravioletray紫外线infraredray红外线luminosity光度lightyear光年?气象学meteorology气象meteorologist 气象学家meteorologicalstation气象站forecast(predict)预报climate气候atmosphere大气层troposphere对流层stratosphere平流层coldfront冷锋warmairmass热气团current(气)流vapor蒸汽evaporate蒸发damp(wet,moist,humid)潮湿humidity湿度moisture潮湿/水分saturate饱和dew露frost霜fog(mist)雾smog烟雾droplet小水condense浓缩 scrystal水晶体downpour(torrentialrain)大雨tempest(storm)/(torrentialrain) 暴风雨drizzle细雨shower阵雨hail冰雹blizzard(snowstorm)暴风雪avalanche(snowslide)雪崩precipitation(雨、露、雪等)降水thunder雷breeze微风sandstorm沙暴monsoon季风gale大风whirlwind旋风typhoon台风hurricane飓风tornado(twister,catastrophe)龙卷风upperatmosphere上层大气funnel漏斗，漏斗云

disaster(calamity,catastrophe)灾难devastation破坏submerge淹没drought旱灾convection对流windvelocity风速windscale风级winddirection风向long-rangeforecast 长期预报numericalweatherprediction数值天气预报nephanalysis云层分析，卫星云图stratus层云carbondioxiderelease 二氧化碳排放purify净化acidrain酸雨sewagedisposal 污水处理wastedisposal废物处理environmentprotection 环境保护transition transition 转变/过渡yeast酵母（菌）single-cell单细胞reptile爬行类动物turtle海龟hatch孵化nest巢robin知更鸟wasp黄蜂offspring 子chewup咀嚼rodent啮齿类动物burro驴子octopus章鱼spider蜘蛛unfertilizedeggs 未受精的卵nutrient营养品nourishment营养品/食物feed喂养cannibalism 同类相食gene基因respirationsystem 呼吸系统reproductivesystem 生殖系统ingestion摄食digestion消化digestiveenzyme消化酶cell细胞nucleus细胞核protein蛋白质aminoacid氨基酸plankton浮游生物heredity遗传mutationofspecies 物种变异chromosome染色体geneticengineering 遗传工程solitary独居social群居bio-diversity生物多样性metamorphosis变态/变形mutation变种variation变异anemone海葵antenna触角，天线hibernation冬眠evolution进化?生物学biology生物学biologist 生物学家marinebiology 海洋生物学entomology昆虫学ornithology鸟类学genetics遗传学speciology物种学parasitology 寄生虫学dinosaur恐龙dieout/extinction灭绝microbiology 微生物学paleontology 古生物学paleontologist 古生物学家mamma哺乳动物barnacle北极鹅underwater水下的marine海洋的scuba水下呼吸器diving潜水/跳水one-celledorganism单细胞有机体（微生物）jellyfish水母tissue（动植物细胞的）组织protectivecamouflage保护色predator捕猎者oceanicsnail蜗牛animaladaptation 动物适应性wildenvironment 野生环境owl猫头鹰insecticide杀虫剂prenatalcare产后护理habitat栖息地squid鳏鱼tentacle触须prey捕食navigate导航tinyreceptor接受器specimen范例，标本，样本amphibian两栖类动物declineinthenumber 数量减少genetic基因的，遗传的endangeredspecies 濒危物种survival活着的adaptation适应turtle龟turtle龟beast野兽domesticate驯养predatory（carnivorous）predator捕食者prey捕食，被捕食的动物scavenger食腐动物migrate迁移wing翅膀/翼bill（鸟）嘴beak（鹰等的）嘴nest筑巢dolphin海豚whale鲸鱼bat蝙蝠gorilla大猩猩chimpanzee黑猩猩habitat栖息地shrimp小虾prawn对虾lobster对虾crab螃蟹clam蛤蝌sponge海绵coral珊瑚starfish海星canary金丝雀chirp（鸟/虫的叫声）唧唧owl猫头鹰vulture秃鹫penguin企鹅crane鹤stork鹳squeak（老鼠等）吱吱porpoise海豚otter水獭frog青蛙tadpole蝌蚪salamander蛛螂scorpion蝎子centipede娱蚣cicada蝉mantis螳螂wasp黄蜂hornet大黄蜂cockroach嶂螂食肉的?动物学zoology动物学Darwinism达尔文学说naturalselection自然选择class纲order目family科genus属suborder亚目species种invertebrate 无脊椎动物vertebrate 脊椎动物aquatic（life） 水生动物reptile 爬行动物amphibian（amphibiousanimal） 两栖动物protozoa原生动物rodent啮齿动物（如松鼠）ruminant反刍（chu）动物cold-bloodedanimal冷血动物warm-bloodedanimal温血动物parasiticanimal寄生动物primate灵长动物plankton浮游生物mollusk软体动物coelenterate腔肠动物herbivore食草动物carnivore食肉动物dinosaur恐龙bird鸟类extinction灭绝mamma哺乳动物Primates灵长目动物insect昆虫antenna（pl:antennae）触须larva幼虫/幼体camouflage伪装pest害虫worm虫（蠕虫）hibernate冬眠lizard蜥蜴chameleon变色蜥蜴regeneration再生excretorysystem 排泄系统reproductivesystem excretorysystem 排泄系统reproductivesystem 生殖系统circulatorysystem 循环系统respiratorysystem 呼吸系统hormonalsystem内分泌系统antelope羚羊aphid朗虫beluga白鲸bipedal两足动物的rareanimal 稀有动物sloth树獭slothful懒惰的hygiene卫生sanitation卫生parasite寄生虫moth蛾caterpillar毛虫horde（昆虫等）群swarm（昆虫等）群flock（鸟羊等）群community动物的群落或人的部落herd兽群bunch（花等）束/捧beaver海狸monogamous^夫——妻的/——雄——雌的polygamous一夫多妻的/一雄多雌的polyandrous一妻多夫的/一雌多雄的trapper诱捕动物者rhinoceros犀牛niche小生态环境vestige退化器官/遗迹oyster牡蛎fertilizer使 受精larva幼虫tentacle触角homotherm恒温动物poikilotherm 变温动物metabolism新陈代谢baboon狒狒breed品种，繁殖multiply（reproduce繁殖）hatch孵spawn（鱼、虾、蛙等）孵anatomy解剖学appetite食欲creature生物microbe微生物herbivorous食草的carnivorous食肉的omnivorous杂食的scale鳞feather羽毛armor甲spinalcord脊椎digestivesystem 消化系统10??植物学botany植物学botanist植物学家botanical(botanic)植物的plant植物aquaticplant水生植物parasiteplant 寄生植物root根canopy树冠层/顶棚foliage(leaf)叶leaflet小叶rosette(叶的)丛生stem茎stalk杆leafstalk叶柄shoot(sprout) 嫩芽/抽枝flower花bud花蕾petal花瓣peel(skin)果皮shell(硬)果壳husk(干)果壳/(玉米)苞叶trunk树干bark树皮branch树枝bough大或者粗的树枝twig小树枝jungle丛林lawn草坪meadow草地/牧场prairie大草原shrub(bush)灌木cluster一簇(灌木)fern蕨类植物herb草photosynthesis 光合作用chlorophyll叶绿素symbiosis共生wither(shrivel,fade)凋谢blossom花pollen花粉nectar花蜜leaf树叶pollinate传授花粉pollination授粉cell细胞tissue组织organ器官system系统seed种子everlasting永久的orchid兰花crossbreed杂交sequoia红杉rootpressure根压bore腔/肠cohesion-tension 凝聚压力column花柱symbiotic共生的immunity免疫organism生物/有机物necrosis坏死barren贫瘠futile无用的carbohydrate(starch) 碳水化合物(淀粉)/醺类glucose葡萄糖starch淀粉fat脂肪protein蛋白质vitamin维他命malnourished营养不良的nutrition营养perennial 多年一生的annual——年——生的evergreen常绿树larch落叶松pine松树spruce云杉elm榆树walnut核桃树redwood红木树11?微生物学microorganism/microbe微生物microbiology 微生物学antibody抗体toxin毒素immunity免疫immunology免疫学vaccine疫苗fungus(fungi)真菌bacteria细菌fermentation发酵inflection传染(感染)virus毒素disinfection消毒sterilization灭菌foodchain食物链12?生态学ecology生态学ecologist生态学家ecosystem生态系统balance(ofnature)自然界生态平衡fauna动物群flora植物群rainforest 雨林foodchain 食物链acidrain酸雨greenhouseeffect温室效应infraredradiation 红外线辐射ozonelayer(ozonosphere)臭氧层ultravioletradiation 紫夕卜辐射pollution污染pollutioncontrol污染控制airpollution 空气污染waterpollution 水污染noisepollution 噪音污染soilpollution 土壤污染pollution-free 无污染pollutant污染物noxious(toxic)有毒的fume(有毒)废气waste废物solidwaste 固体垃圾sewage(wastewater)污水sewagepurification污水净化sewagedisposal 污水处理decibel(噪音)分贝13acidrainacidrain酸雨foodchain食物链sewagedisposal污水处理ozonelayer臭氧层wastedisposal 废物处理emission（汽车废气的）排放soot烟尘elnino厄尔尼诺现象?能源和环境fossilfuel 矿物燃料processofphotosynthesis 光合作用solarenergy太阳能nonrenewable不可再生的energyconservation 保护能源resource资源energysource能源资源tidalenergy潮汐能源trafficjam 交通堵塞fuel-efficient 节能型的rushhour高峰期pollute污染zeroemission零辐射wildness野生/天然preservation保护atmosphere大气climate气候carbon碳dioxide二氧化物burningofcoalandoil 煤油燃烧globalwarming 全球变暖greenhouseeffect温室效应riseinsealevel 海平面上升melt融化，熔化long-termclimaticchange 长期的气候变化environmental环境的,环境论recyclingcenter再循环利用中心litter/trashbag/garbage垃圾airpollution 空气污染pollutant污染物desertification沙漠化deforest滥伐森林flooddrought干旱watershortage 水源缺乏offshorespillage 近海岸溢出carbondioxiderelease 二氧化碳排放industrialsewage 工业污水in5dQstriElupperatmosphere上层大气recycling再循环purify净化deteriorate恶化14?数学mathematics数学mathematician数学家arithmetic算术calculation计算calculator计算器abacus算盘numeral数字sum和total(sumtotal)总和/总数aggregate总计fraction分数/小数decimal十进位/(十进)小数digit数字/数位percentage百分比addition加法plus力口上subtraction减法minus减去multiplication乘法multiplicationtable乘法表multiply乘以times次power乘方，哥square平方division除法divide除以algebra代数quantity表示量的数或符号equation方程式/等式formula公式root根geometry几何geometric几何的dimension维parallel平行的/平行线quadrilateral四边形square正方形area面积rectangle长方形/矩形polygon多边形cube立方体volume体积sphere球形circle圆形ellipse(oval)椭圆形cone圆锥形circumference圆周diameter直径radius半径triangle三角形angle角degree(角)度calculus微积分differentialcalculus微分学integralcalculus积分学function函数probability概率statistics统计quantitative量的/数量的qualitative质的/质量的deduction(inference)推论/演绎induction归纳15?物理学physics物理mechanics力学heat热学thermodynamics热力学acoustics声学electromagnetism电磁学optics光学dynamics动力学force力conservationofenergy能量守恒定律velocity速度acceleration力口速度deceleration减速度uniformmotion 匀速运动Newton'slawsofmotions牛顿运动定律equilibrium平衡statics静力学motion运动inertia惯性gravitation弓I力relativity相对gravity 地心引力/重力centrifugalforce 离心力centripetalforce 向心力accelerationofgravity重力力口速度reaction反作用velocity/speed/rate速度momentum^量vibration震动medium(media)媒质frequency频率wavelength波长pitch音高，音调intensity强度power功率echo回声resonance回声/洪亮sonar声纳ultrasonic超声学electricity电staticelectricity静电magnetism磁性magneticforce磁力magnet磁铁electromagnet电磁magneticfield磁场charge电荷electriccurrent电流directcurrent(DC)直流电alternatingcurrent(AC)交流电electriccircuit 电路electriccharge电荷electricvoltage 电压electrode电极anode正极cathode负极electricshock触电electricappliance电器conduction传导conductor导体insulator绝缘体semiconductor半导体battery(cell)电池drybattery 干电池storagebattery蓄电池watt瓦特volt伏特electronics电子学electronic电子的electroniccomponent(part) 电子零件integratedcircuit 集成电路chip集成电器片/集成块electrontube电子管vacuumtube真空管transistor晶体管amplification放大amplify放大amplifier 放大器/扬声器oscillation震荡optical光(学)的opticalfiber 光学纤维lens透镜/镜片convex凸透镜concave凹透镜microscope显微镜telescope望远镜magnifier放大镜spectrum光谱16ultraviolet紫外线XrayX射线Gammaray丫射线infraredray红外线fluorescence荧光microwave微波dispersion色散transparent透明translucent半透明opaque不透明的solidify固化gasify气化liquefy液化volatilize挥发calorie卡路里friction摩擦level杠杆pulley滑轮convection对流expansion膨胀reflection反射resonance共振compression压缩refraction折射volume音量intensity音强heatconductivity热传导thermalenergy热能17?化学chemistry化学chemicalproperty化学特性/化学性质chemicalcomposition(makeup) 化学成分chemicalagent 化学试齐Uchemicalreaction化学反应chemicalchange化学变化chemicalbond化学键chemicalapparatus化学器械substance(matter,material)物质periodictable(元素)周期表hydrogen氢oxygen氧nitrogen氮helium氨carbon碳calcium钙silicon硅sulfur硫iodine碘compound化合物hydrocarbon碳氢化合物derivative衍生物alchemy炼金术petroleum(oil)石油petroleumproducts 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