托福阅读真题与答案：生物多样性

托福阅读真题与答案：生物多样性托福阅读真题与答案：生物多样性托福阅读真题与答案：生物多样性xxx公司托福阅读真题与答案：生物多样性文件编号：文件日期：修订次数：第1.0次更改批准审核制定方案设计，管理制度托福阅读真题与答案：生物多样性托福阅读真题的练习，能够让考生更加全面了解托福阅读的考察内容以及考题难度，从而更加有策略性地规划备考策略。本文文都国际教育小编为各位中国考生带来了托福阅读真题与答案：生物多样性，希望对大家的备考有所帮助。托福阅读真题Biologicaldiversityhasbecomewidelyrecognizedasacriticalconservationissueonlyinthepasttwodecades.Therapiddestructionofthetropicalrainforests,whicharetheecosystemswiththehighestknownspeciesdiversityonEarth,hasawakenedpeopletotheimportanceandfragilityofbiologicaldiversity.Thehighrateofspeciesextinctionsintheseenvironmentsisjolting,butitisimportanttorecognizethesignificanceofbiologicaldiversityinallecosystems.Asthehumanpopulationcontinuestoexpand,itwillnegativelyaffectoneafteranotherofEarth'secosystems.Interrestrialecosystemsandinfringemarineecosystems(suchaswetlands),themostcommonproblemishabitatdestruction.Inmostsituations,theresultisirreversible.Nowhumansarebeginningtodestroymarineecosystemsthroughothertypesofactivities,suchasdisposalandrunoffofpoisonouswaste;inlessthantwocenturies,bysignificantlyreducingthevarietyofspeciesonEarth,theyhaveunraveledconsofevolutionandirrevocablyredirecteditscourse.Certainly,therehavebeenperiodsinEarth'shistorywhenmassextinctionshaveoccurred.Theextinctionofthedinosaurswascausedbysomephysicalevent,eitherclimaticorcosmic.Therehavealsobeenlessdramaticextinctions,aswhennaturalcompetitionbetweenspeciesreachedanextremeconclusion.Only.01percentofthespeciesthathavelivedonEarthhavesurvivedtothepresent,anditwaslargelychancethatdeterminedwhichspeciessurvivedandwhichdiedout.However,nothinghaseverequaledthemagnitudeandspeedwithwhichthehumanspeciesisalteringthephysicalandchemicalworldanddemolishingtheenvironment.Infact,thereiswideagreementthatitistherateofchangehumansareinflicting,evenmorethanthechangesthemselves,thatwillleadtobiologicaldevastation.LifeonEarthhascontinuallybeeninfluxasslowphysicalandchemicalchangeshaveoccurredonEarth,butlifeneedstimetoadapt—timeformigrationandgeneticadaptationwithinexistingspeciesandtimefortheproliferationofnewgeneticmaterialandnewspeciesthatmaybeabletosurviveinnewenvironments.托福阅读真题题目：1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?(A)Whypeopleinpreindustrialsocietiesworkedfewhoursperweek(B)Changesthathaveoccurredinthenumberofhoursthatpeopleworkperweek(C)Acomparisonofthenumberofhoursworkedperyearinseveralindustries(D)WorkingconditionsduringtheIndustrialRevolution2.Comparedtopreiudustrialtimes,thenumberofhoursintheworkweekinthenineteenthcentury(A)remainedconstant(B)decreasedslightly(C)decreasedsignificantly(D)increasedsignificantly3.Theword"norm"inline5isclosestinmeaningto(A)minimum.(B)example(C)possibility(D)standard4.Theword"henceforth"inline13isclosestinmeaningto(A)intheend(B)forabriefperiod(C)fromthattimeon(D)onoccasion5.The"idea"mentionedinline15refersto(A)the60-hourworkweek(B)thereductioninthecostofautomobiles(C)thereductionintheworkweekatsomeautomobilefactories(D)thecriticismofFordbyUnitedStatesSteelandWestinghouse6.WhatisonereasonforthechangeinthelengthoftheworkweekfortheaverageworkerintheUnitedStatesduringthe1930's?(A)Severalpeoplesometimessharedasinglejob.(B)LaborstrikesinseveralcountriesinfluencedlaborpolicyintheUnitedStates.(C)Severalcorporationsincreasedthelengthoftheworkweek.(D)TheUnitedStatesgovernmentinstituteda35-hourworkweek.7.WhichofthefollowingismentionedasoneofthepurposesoftheFairLaborStandardsActof1938(A)todiscourageworkersfromaskingforincreasedwages(B)toestablishalimitonthenumberofhoursintheworkweek(C)toallowemployerstosetthelengthoftheworkweekfortheirworkers(D)torestricttradewithcountriesthathadalongworkweek8.Theword"mandated"inline18isclosestinmeaningto(A)required(B)recommended(C)eliminated(D)considered9.Theword"immutable"inline21isclosestinmeaningto(A)unmatched(B)irregular(C)unnecessary(D)unchangeable10.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasevidencethatthelengthoftheworkweekhasbeendecliningsincethenineteenthcentury?(A)Thehalf-dayholiday(line7)(B)HenryFord(lines11-12)(C)UnitedStatesSteelandWestinghouse(line14-15)(D)Germanmetalworkers(line21)11.Accordingtothepassage,onegoaloftheJapanesegovernment