托福阅读句子插入题如何衔接

托福阅读句子插入题如何衔接托福阅读句子插入题如何衔接托福阅读句子插入题如何衔接托福阅读句子插入题如何衔接编制仅供参考审核批准生效日期地址：电话：传真:邮编:托福阅读句子插入题——如何做到无缝衔接朗阁海外考试研究中心郑虹句子插入题(InsertTextQuestions)是托福阅读考试必考题型，出现在每一篇文章倒数第二题，大部分考生在做此题时遇到模棱两可的答案情况较多，容易选错。朗阁海外考试研究中心的专家将针对这个问题，具体分析句子插入题的考试特点及解题技巧。一、题型特点句子插入题顾名思义就是给一句新的句子，要求考生们把这个句子插入到相应的位置，指定位置是文章中四个黑色方块的地方。这些方块分布在句首或句末，四个方框有时都出现在一个段落里，有时分布在一段的末尾和下一段的开头。考题形式如下：Lookatthefoursquares[■]thatindicatewherethefollowingsentencecouldbeaddedtothepassage.[…]Wherewouldthesentencebestfit同学们要做的是点击其中的一个方块并将这个句子插入文章。句子插入题考查的内容是句子与句子间的逻辑关系，即所插入句子必须和前后句子在逻辑关系上保持一致。其实和我们写作一样，同学们不能把两句毫无关系的句子放在一起。那么在英语里为了体现句与句之间的逻辑关系，会采用各种衔接手段将句子连接起来，所以我们只要熟悉各种句子衔接手段，我们就能立即判断出来句子所插入的相应位置。以下，我们将对考试中经常出现的几种衔接手段进行详细分析。二、解题方法1.词重复适用这种衔接方法简单粗暴明了，无需花费大量脑细胞，完全是送分题。后面一个句子里重复使用前面句子提到的同一个词（通常是名词），使用此方法，我们可以清楚知道作者仍然在谈论同一主题，因为前后句子在意义上关系密切，互相连贯。TheircompetitionandcollaborationwerecreatingthebroadcastingindustryintheUnitedStates,beginningwiththeintroductionofcommercialradioprogrammingintheearly1920s.■Withfinancialrelationshipsamongentertainmentandcommunicationsmedia,theyrevitalizedresearchintorecordingsoundformotionpictures.■In1929theUnitedStatesmotionpictureindustryreleasedmorethan300soundfilms—aroughfigure,sinceanumberweresilentfilmswithmusictracks,orfilmspreparedindualversions,totakeaccountofthemanycinemasnotyetwiredforsound.■Attheproductionlevel,intheUnitedStatestheconversionwasvirtuallycompleteby1930.■InEuropeittookalittlelonger,mainlybecausethereweremoresmallproducersforwhomthecostsofsoundwereprohibitive…Lookatthefoursquares[■]thatindicatewherethefollowingsentencecouldbeaddedtothepassage.Whenthisresearchresultedinthedevelopmentofvastlyimprovedsoundtechniques,filmstudiosbecameconvincedoftheimportanceofconvertingtosound.前面一句话已经提及到了research,第二次出现用thisresearch,所以答案选第二个选项。So,inanothersetofexperiments,Kramerputidenticalfoodboxesaroundthecage,withfoodinonlyoneoftheboxes.■Theboxeswerestationary,andtheonecontainingfoodwasalwaysatthesamepointofthecompass.■However,itspositionwithrespecttothesurroundingscouldbechangedUnderverycoldconditions,rockscanbeshatteredbyiceandfrost.Glaciersmayforminpermanentlycoldareas,andtheseslowlymovingmassesoficecutoutvalleys,carryingwiththemhugequantitiesoferodedrockdebris.█Indryareasthewindistheprincipalagentoferosion.█Itcarriesfineparticlesofsand,whichbombardexposedrocksurfaces,therebywearingthemintoyetmoresand.█Evenlivingthingscontributetotheformationoflandscapes.█Treerootsforcetheirwayintocracksinrocksand,insodoing,speedtheirsplitting.Incontrast,therootsofgrassesandothersmallplantsmayhelptoholdloosesoilfragmentstogether,therebyhelpingtopreventerosionbythewind.Lookatthefoursquares[■]thatindicatewherethefollowingsentencecouldbeaddedtothepassage.Underdifferentclimaticconditions,anothertypeofdestructiveforcecontributestoerosion.another是不定代词，指代后一句提到的另外一种destructiveforce。通过整个段落分析，第一句话destructiveforce包括ice和frost,第二句话另外一种destructiveforce指代的是wind,所以选第一个黑框。阅读中常出现的代词：this,this+n,these,another,suchandotheretc.3.词同义替换此类句子衔接的方法是指所插入句子里面的词（通常是名词）与所在位置前后句子的词同义替换，这种方法要求会比较高，考生除了要理解插入句子里面词的意思，还要找到所在段落里面与它同义的词。█Watt'ssteamenginesoonshowedwhatitcoulddo.█Itliberatedindustryfromdependenceonrunningwater.█Theengineeliminatedwaterintheminesbydrivingefficientpumps,whichmadepossibledeeperanddeepermining.█ThereadyavailabilityofcoalinspiredWilliamMurdochduringthe1790stodevelopthefirstnewformofnighttimeilluminationtobediscoveredinamillenniumandahalf.Lookatthefoursquares[█]thatindicatewherethefollowingsentencecouldbeaddedtothepassage．Thefactoriesdidnothavetogotothestreamswhenpowercouldcometothefactories．NotonlycouldSmithidentifyrockstratabythefossilstheycontained,hecouldalsoseeapatternemerging:Certainfossilsalwaysappearinmoreancientsediments,whileothersbegintobeseenasthestratabecomemorerecent.█Byfollowingthefossils．SmithwasabletoputallthestrataofEngland'searthintorelativetemporalsequence.█Aboutthesametime,GeorgesCuviermadethesamediscoverywhilestudyingtherocksaroundParis.█Soonitwasrealizedthatthisprincipleoffaunal(animal)successionwasvalidnotonlyinEnglandorFrancebutvirtuallyeverywhere.█Itwasactuallyaprincipleoffloralsuccessionaswell,becauseplantsshowedthesametransformationthroughtimeasdidfauna.Lookatthefoursquares[█]thatindicatewherethefollowingsentencecouldbeaddedtothepassage.Thefindingsofthesegeologistsinspiredotherstoexaminetherockandfossilrecordsindifferentpartsoftheworld.Thefindings意思是“发现”，与段落第二句话thesamediscovery表同义替换，所以这句话应该放在第三块黑框回指前文提到的发现，答案选第三块黑框。4.连接词衔接英语里面表达句与句之间的逻辑关系通常会用到连接词，同学们除了要知道连接词的意思，还要知道连接的两个句子是否存在相应的逻辑关系，所以这种方法相对前面几种是比较难的。常考连接词有表转折，原因，结果，递进等。█Modernarchitecturalformsgenerallyhavethreeseparatecomponentscomparabletoelementsofthehumanbody;asupportingskeletonorframe,anouterskinenclosingtheinteriorspaces,equipment,similartothebody’svitalorgansandsystems.█Theequipmentincludesplumbing,electricalwiring,hotwater,andair-conditioning.█Ofcourseinearlyarchitecture—suchasigloosandadobestructures—therewasnosuchequipment,andtheskeletonandskinwereoftenone.█Lookatthefoursquares[█]thatindicatewherethefollowingsentencecouldbeaddedtothepassage.However,somemodernarchitecturaldesigns,suchasthoseusingfoldedplatesofconcreterorair-inflatedstructures,areagainunifyingskeletonandskin.插入句子中的however表示转折，前后意思相反或者对比。最后一句话inearlyarchitecture对应插入句子modernarchitecturaldesigns,所以选择最后一个黑色方框。句子插入题经常出现的转折关系词有：however,but,yet,whereasandwhileetc.■Becausetheyarealwaysswimming,tunassimplyhavetoopentheirmouthsandwaterisforcedinandovertheirgills.■Accordingly,theyhavelostmostofthemusclesthatotherfishesusetosuckinwaterandpushitpastthegills.■Infact,tunasmustswimtobreathe.■Theymustalsokeepswimmingtokeepfromsinking,sincemosthavelargelyorcompletelylosttheswimbladder,thegas-filledsacthathelpsmostotherfishremainbuoyant.Lookatthefoursquares[■]thatindicatewherethefollowingsentencecanbeaddedtothepassage.Consequently,tunasdonotneedtosuckinwater.Consequently是表示结果的逻辑关系词。整句话意思是所以金枪鱼不需要在水里吮吸。段落第一句意思：因为金枪鱼的游动从不停止，它们必须张着嘴使水流经它们的腮。根据两句话的逻辑意思，因为它张着嘴使水流经它们的腮，所以不需要在水里吮吸。同学们不仅要理解consequently的意思，还要理解前后两句话的意思才能做对此题。答案选第二个黑框。表示结果的逻辑关系词有：consequently,therefore,so,henceandthusetc.IthaslongbeenacceptedthattheAmericaswerecolonizedbyamigrationofpeoplesfromAsia,slowlytravelingacrossalandbridgecalledBeringia(nowtheBeringStraitbetweennortheasternAsiaandAlaska)duringthelastIceAge.■Thefirstwatercrafttheoryaboutthemigrationwasthataround11,000-12,000yearsagotherewasanice-freecorridorstretchingfromeasternBeringiatotheareasofNorthAmericasouthofthegreatnorthernglaciers.Itwasthemidcontinentalcorridorbetweentwomassiveicesheets-theLaurentidetothewest-thatenabledthesouthwardmigration.■Butbeliefinthisice-freecorridorbegantocrumblewhenpaleoecologistGlenMacDonalddemonstratedthatsomeofthemostimportantradiocarbondatesusedtosupporttheexistenceofanice-freecorridorwereincorrect.■Hepersuasivelyarguedthatsuchanice-freecorridordidnotexistuntilmuchlater,whenthecontinentalicebeganitsfinalretreat.■Lookatthefoursquares[■]thatindicatewherethefollowingsentencecouldbeaddedtothepassage.Moreover,otherevidencesuggeststhatevenifanice-freecorridordidexist,itwouldhavelackedtheresourcesneededforhumancolonization.Moreover表递进，可译为“此外”，插入句子意思和段落最后一句话表递进关系，译为：他令人信服地主张那样的不冻地带直到很久以后才出现，那时大陆冰块开始最后的消退。此外其它证据表明即使不冻地带存在，所以答案选最后一个黑色方框。5.观点+例子这种连接的方法往往插入的句子是作者表达的观点，那么我们只要回段落找相关的例子就可以选择正确的方框了。Thedifferencesinfeedingpreferenceslead,inturn,todifferencesinmigratoryhabits.■Thewildebeestsfollow,intheirmigration,thepatternoflocalrainfall.■Theotherspeciesdolikewise.■Butwhenanewareaisfueledbyrain,themammalsmigratetowarditinasetordertoexploitit.■Thelarger,lessfastidiousfeeders,thezebras,moveinfirst;thechoosier,smallerwildebeestscomelater;andthesmallestspeciesofall,Thomson’sgazelle,arriveslast.Lookatthefoursquares[■]thatindicatewherethefollowingsentencecouldbeaddedtothepassage.Thesequenceinwhichtheymigratecorrelateswiththeirbodysize.插入的句子表达了一个观点：它们迁移的顺序是与身体大小相关的。那么我们只要找一个例子和身体大小相关的句子即可。最后一句话thelarger,lessfastidiousfeeders,thezebras,moveinfirst.通过这两组词我们就可以判断出来这是一个例子，所以答案选最后一个黑框。ChineseporcelainwaresimportedintotheArabworld.■Soadmiredwerethesepieces