机械制造技术课程设计-泵体加工工艺及钻4-M6螺纹孔夹具设计

页致谢课程设计刚开始有许多疑点，经过老师的分析与指导，才能顺利地完成这项任务。在此要感谢我们的指导老师对我悉心的指导，感谢老师给我们的帮助。在这次课程设计中也使我们的同学更进一步的交流与探讨，同学之间互相帮助，有什么不懂的大家在一起商量，听听不同的看法对我们更好的理解知识、解决问题有很好的推动效果，所以在这里要感谢同学的帮助。当遇到棘手的问题时，通过查阅资料，浏览各种各样的书籍，对顺利地完成课程设计起到了很大的作用。在此感谢各资料、书籍的作者为我们创作出如此优秀的刊物。无论是老师还是同学或者是书刊作者，不管是当面的还是间接的，对顺利完成课程设计都有不可忽视的作用。真诚地感谢他们!最后，很感谢阅读这篇课程设计的人们。感谢你们抽出宝贵的时间来阅读这篇课程设计。参考文献切削用量简明手册,艾兴、肖诗纲主编,机械工业出版社出版，1994年机械制造工艺设计简明手册，李益民主编，机械工业出版社出版，1994年机床夹具设计，哈尔滨工业大学、上海工业大学主编，上海科学技术出版社出版，1983年机床夹具设计手册，东北重型机械学院、洛阳工学院、一汽制造厂职工大学编，上海科学技术出版社出版，1990年金属机械加工工艺人员手册，上海科学技术出版社，1981年10月机械制造工艺学，郭宗连、秦宝荣主编，中国建材工业出版社出版，1997年李福生等.实用数控机床技术手册[M].北京：机械工业出版社，2015.于华等，数控机床的编程与实例[M].北京：机械工业出版社，2013.曹永洁，王凌云.典型零件数控加工工艺—项目式教学法.北京：机械工业出版社，2016.刘志伟，张伟文，李会玲,机床夹具设计案例教学的研究[J].现代制造技术与装备，2013（6）.数字化手册编委会，机床夹具设计手册[M].北京：机械工业出版社，2014.附录INTEGRATIONOFMACHINERY（Fromelectricalandmachineryindustry）ABSTRACTMachinerywasthemodernscienceandtechnologydevelopmentinevitableresult,thisarticlehassummarizedtheintegrationofmachinerytechnologybasicoutlineandthedevelopmentbackground.Summarizedthedomesticandforeignintegrationofmachinerytechnologypresentsituation,hasanalyzedtheintegrationofmachinerytechnologytrendofdevelopment.Keyword：integrationofmachinery，technology，presentsituation，productt，echniqueofmanufacture，trendofdevelopment0.Introductionmodernscienceandtechnologyunceasingdevelopment,impelleddifferentdisciplineintersectingenormouslywiththeseepage,hascausedtheprojectdomaintechnologicalrevolutionandthetransformation.Inmechanicalengineeringdomain,becausethemicroelectronictechnologyandthecomputertechnologyrapiddevelopmentandformstothemechanicalindustryseepagetheintegrationofmachinery,causedthemechanicalindustrythetechnicalstructure,theproductorganization,thefunctionandtheconstitution,theproductionmethodandthemanagementsystemhashadthehugechange,causedtheindustrialproductiontoenterinto“theintegrationofmachinery”by“themachineryelectrification”forthecharacteristicdevelopmentphase.1.Integrationofmachineryoutlineintegrationofmachineryisrefersintheorganizationnewownerfunction,thepowerfunction,intheinformationprocessingfunctionandthecontrolfunctionintroducestheelectronictechnology,unifiesthesystemthemechanismandthecomputerizationdesignandthesoftwarewhichconstitutesalwaystocall.Theintegrationofmachinerydevelopmentalsohasbecomeonetohaveuntilnowownsystemnewdiscipline,notonlydevelopsalongwiththescienceandtechnology,butalsoentrustswiththenewcontent.Butitsbasiccharacteristicmaysummarizeis:Theintegrationofmachineryisembarksfromthesystemviewpoint,synthesiscommunitytechnologiesandsoonutilizationmechanicaltechnology,microelectronictechnology,automaticcontroltechnology,computertechnology,informationtechnology,sensingobservationandcontroltechnology,electricpowerelectronictechnology,connectiontechnology,informationconversiontechnologyaswellassoftwareprogrammingtechnology,accordingtothesystemfunctiongoalandtheoptimizedorganizationgoal,reasonabledispositionandthelayoutvariousfunctionsunit,inmulti-purpose,highgrade,redundantreliable,inthelowenergyconsumptionsignificancerealizethespecificfunctionvalue,andcausestheoverallsystemoptimizationthesystemsengineeringtechnology.Fromthisproducesfunctionalsystem,thenbecomesanintegrationofmachinerysystematicortheintegrationofmachineryproduct.Therefore,“integrationofmachinery”covering“technology”and“product”twoaspects.Onlyis,theintegrationofmachinerytechnologyisbasedontheabovecommunitytechnologyorganicfusiononekindofcomprehensivetechnology,butisnotmechanicaltechnical,themicroelectronictechnologyaswellasothernewtechnicalsimplecombination,piecestogether.Thisistheintegrationofmachineryandthemachineryaddsthemachineryelectrificationwhichtheelectricityformsintheconceptbasicdifference.Themechanicalengineeringtechnologyhasthemerelytechnicaltodevelopthemachineryelectrification,stillwasthetraditionalmachinery,itsmainfunctionstillwasreplaceswiththeenlargementphysicalstrength.Butafterdevelopstheintegrationofmachinery,microelectroninstallmentbesidesmaysubstituteforcertainmechanicalpartstheoriginalfunction,butalsocanentrustwithmanynewfunctions,liketheautomaticdetection,theautomaticreductioninformation,demonstratetherecord,theautomaticcontrolandthecontrolautomaticdiagnosisandtheprotectionautomaticallyandsoon.Notonlynamelytheintegrationofmachineryproductishuman'shandandbodyextending,human'ssenseorganandthebrainslook,hastheintellectualizedcharacteristicistheintegrationofmachineryandthemachineryelectrificationdistinguishesinthefunctionessence.2.Integrationofmachinerydevelopmentconditionintegrationofmachinerydevelopmentmaydivideinto3stagesroughly.20thcentury60'sbeforeforthefirststage,thisstageiscalledtheinitialstage.Inthistime,thepeopledeterminationnotonowninitiativeusestheelectronictechnologythepreliminaryachievementtoconsummatethemechanicalproducttheperformance.SpeciallyinSecondWorldWarperiod,thewarhasstimulatedthemechanicalproductandtheelectronictechnologyunion,thesemechanicalandelectricalunionmilitarytechnology,postwartransferscivilly,topostwareconomicalrestorationpositivefunction.Developedandthedevelopmentatthattimegenerallyspeakingalsoisatthespontaneouscondition.Becauseatthattimetheelectronictechnologydevelopmentnotyetachievedcertainlevel,mechanicaltechnicalandelectronictechnologyunionalsonotimpossiblewidespreadandthoroughdevelopment,alreadydevelopedtheproductwasalsounabletopromotemassively.The20thcentury70~80agesforthesecondstage,maybecalledthevigorousdevelopmentstage.Thistime,thecomputertechnology,thecontroltechnology,thecommunicationdevelopment,haslaidthetechnologybasefortheintegrationofmachinerydevelopment.Large-scale,ultralargescaleintegratedcircuitandmicrocomputerswiftandviolentdevelopment,hasprovidedthefullmaterialbasefortheintegrationofmachinerydevelopment.Thistimecharacteristicis:①AmechatronicswordfirstgenerallyisacceptedinJapan,probablyobtainsthequitewidespreadacknowledgmentto1980slaststagesintheworldwidescale;②Theintegrationofmachinerytechnologyandtheproductobtainedtheenormousdevelopment;③Thevariouscountriesstarttotheintegrationofmachinerytechnologyandtheproductgivetheverybigattentionandthesupport.1990slaterperiods,startedtheintegrationofmachinerytechnologythenewstagewhichmakesgreatstridesforwardtotheintellectualizeddirection,theintegrationofmachineryentersthethoroughdevelopmenttime.Atthesametime,optics,thecommunicationandsoonenteredtheintegrationofmachinery,processesthetechnologyalsozhantoappeartinyintheintegrationofmachinerythefoot,appearedthelightintegrationofmachineryandthemicrointegrationofmachineryandsoonthenewbranch;Ontheotherhandtotheintegrationofmachinerysystemmodelingdesign,theanalysisandtheintegratedmethod,theintegrationofmachinerydisciplinesystemandthetrendofdevelopmenthasallconductedthethoroughresearch.Atthesametime,becausethehugeprogresswhichdomainsandsoonartificialintelligencetechnology,neuralnetworktechnologyandopticalfibertechnologyobtain,openedthedevelopmentvastworldfortheintegrationofmachinerytechnology.Theseresearch,willurgetheintegrationofmachineryfurthertoestablishtheintegritythefoundationandformstheintegritygraduallythescientificsystem.Ourcountryisonlythenstartsfromthebeginningof1980sinthisaspecttostudywiththeapplication.TheStateCouncilhadbeenestablishedtheintegrationofmachineryleadinggroupandlistsas“863plans”thistechnology.Whenformulated“95”theplanandin2010developedthesummaryhadconsideredfullyoninternationaltheinfluencewhichandpossiblybroughtfromthisabouttheintegrationofmachinerytechnologydevelopmenttrend.Manyuniversities,collegesandinstitutes,thedevelopmentfacilityandsomelargeandmiddlescaleenterpriseshavedonethemassiveworktothistechnicaldevelopmentandtheapplication,doesnotyieldcertainresult,butandsoontheadvancedcountriescomparedwithJapanstillhasthesuitabledisparity.3.Integrationofmachinerytrendofdevelopmentintegrationsofmachineryarethecollectionmachinery,theelectron,optics,thecontrol,thecomputer,theinformationandsoonthemulti-disciplinaryoverlappingsyntheses,itsdevelopmentandtheprogressrelyonandpromotethecorrelationtechnologydevelopmentandtheprogress.Therefore,theintegrationofmachinerymaindevelopmentdirectionisasfollows:3.1Intellectualizedintellectualizationsare21stcenturyintegrationofmachinerytechnologicaldevelopmentimportantdevelopmentdirections.Theartificialintelligenceobtainsdaybydayintheintegrationofmachineryconstructor'sresearchtakes,therobotandthenumericalcontrolenginebedintellectualizationistheimportantapplication.Heresaid“theintellectualization”istothemachinebehaviordescription,isinthecontroltheoryfoundation,theabsorptionartificialintelligence,theoperationsresearch,thecomputerscience,thefuzzymathematics,thepsychology,thephysiologyandthechaosdynamicsandsoonthenewthought,thenewmethod,simulatethehumanintelligence,enableittohaveabilitiesandsoonjudgmentinference,logicalthinking,independentdecision-making,obtainsthehighercontrolgoalinorderto.Indeed,enabletheintegrationofmachineryproducttohavewiththehumanidenticalintelligence,isnotimpossible,alsoisnonessential.But,thehighperformance,thehighspeedmicroprocessorenabletheintegrationofmachineryproducttohavepreliminaryintelligentorhuman'spartialintelligences,theniscompletelypossibleandessential.Inthemodernmanufactureprocess,theinformationhasbecomethecontrolmanufactureindustrythedeterminingfactor,moreoveristhemostactiveactuationfactor.Enhancesthemanufacturesysteminformation-handlingcapacitytobecomethemodernmanufacturesciencedevelopmentakeypoint.Asaresultofthemanufacturesysteminformationorganizationandstructuremulti-level,makestheinformationthegain,theintegrationandthefusionpresentsdrawsupthecharacter,informationmeasuremulti-dimensional,aswellasinformationorganization'smulti-level.Inthemanufactureinformationstructuralmodel,manufactureinformationuniformrestraint,disseminationprocessingandmagnanimousdataaspectsandsoonmanufactureknowledgelibrarymanagement,allalsowaitforfurtherbreakthrough.Eachkindofartificialintelligencetoolandthecomputationintelligencemethodpromotedthemanufactureintelligencedevelopmentinthemanufacturewidespreadapplication.Akindbasedonthebiologicalevolutionalgorithmcomputationintelligentagent,inincludestheschedulingprobleminthecombinationoptimizationsolutionareaoftechnology,receivesthemoreandmoreuniversalattention,hopefullycompletesthecombinationoptimizationquestionwhenthemanufacturethesolutionspeedandthesolutionprecisionaspectbreaksthroughthequestionscaleinpairstherestriction.Themanufactureintelligencealsodisplaysin:Theintelligentdispatch,theintelligentdesign,theintelligentprocessing,therobotstudy,theintelligentcontrol,theintelligentcraftplan,theintelligentdiagnosisandsoonarevariousThesequestionkeybreakthrough,mayformtheproductinnovationthebasicresearchsystem.Between2modernmechanicalengineeringfrontsciencedifferentscienceoverlappingfusionwillhavethenewscienceaccumulation,theeconomicaldevelopmentandsociety'sprogresshashadthenewrequestandtheexpectationtothescienceandtechnology,thuswillformthefrontscience.Thefrontsciencealsohassolvedandbetweenthesolutionscientificquestionborderarea.Thefrontsciencehastheobvioustimedomain,thedomainandthedynamiccharacteristic.Theprojectfrontsciencedistinguishedinthegeneralbasicscienceimportantcharacteristicisithascoveredthekeyscienceandtechnologyquestionwhichtheprojectactualappeared.Manufacturesystemisacomplexlarge-scalesystem,forsatisfiesthemanufacturesystemagility,thefastresponseandfastreorganizationability,mustprofitfromtheinformationscience,thelifesciencesandthesocialsciencesandsoonthemulti-disciplinaryresearchresults,theexplorationmanufacturesystemnewarchitecture,themanufacturepatternandthemanufacturesystemeffectiveoperationalmechanism.Makesthesystemoptimizationtheorganizationalstructureandthegoodmovementconditionismakesthesystemmodeling,thesimulationandtheoptimizedessentialtarget.Notonlythemanufacturesystemnewarchitecturetomakestheenterprisetheagilityandmayreorganizeabilitytothedemandresponseabilitytohavethevitalsignificance,moreovertomadetheenterprisefirstfloorproductionequipmenttheflexibilityandmaydynamicreorganizationabilitysetahigherrequest.Thebiologicalmanufactureviewmoreandmoremanyisintroducedthemanufacturesystem,satisfiesthemanufacturesystemnewrequest.Thestudyorganizesandcirculatesmethodandtechniqueofcomplicatedsystemfromthebiologicalphenomenon,isavalidexitwhichwillsolvemanyhardnuttocracksthatmanufacturingindustryfacefromnowoncurrently.Imitatingtolivingwhatmanufacturingpointismimicrylivingcreatureorganoffromtheorganization,frommatchmore,fromgrowthwithfromevolutionetc.functionstructureandcirculatemodeofakindofmanufacturingsystemandmanufacturingprocess.Themanufacturingdrivesinthemechanismunder,continuouslybyone'sownperfectraiseonorganizingstructureandcirculatingmodeandthustoadapttheprocessof[with]abilityfortheenvironment.Forfromdescendbutthelastproductproceedtogetheradesignandmakeacraftrulestheautoofthedistanceborn,producesystemofdynamicstatereorganizationandproductandmanufacturingthesystemtendautomaticallyexcellentprovidedtheoriesfoundationandcarryoutacondition.Imitatetolivingamanufacturingtobelongtomanufacturingscienceandlifescienceof\"thefargoodluckismiscellaneoustohandover\",itwillproducetothemanufacturingindustryfor21centurieshugeofinfluence.Theresearchcontentswhichimitatestolivingamanufacturinghastwoaspectscurrently:1:FacingtotheimitatingoflifelivingsamanufacturingStudygeneralregulationandmodelofbiologicalphenomenon,forexampletheorganizationstructureoftheinformationprocessingtechnique,livingcreatureintelligence,livingcreaturetypeofartificiallife,cellautomachine,livingcreatureandcirculatetheevolutionofmodeandlivingcreatureandtendexcellentmechanismetc.2:FacetomakeofimitatingandlivingingmanufacturingTheresearchimitatestolivingmanufacturingsystemoffromorganizemechanismandmethod,suchas:Basedonfullinformationsharingbiologicalmodellingprincipleofdesign,basedonmulti-autonomyunitcoordinationdistributionalcontrolandbasedonevolutionmechanismoptimizationstrategy;Researchbiologicalmodellingmanufactureconceptsystemandfoundation,forexample:Biologicalmodellingspaceformaldescriptiontechniqueandinformationmappingrelations,biologicalmodellingsystemandevolutionaryprocessorderofcomplexitygaugingdevice.Themechanicalbiologicalmodellingandthebiologicalmodellingmanufactureismechanicaldisciplineandsoonscienceandlifesciences,informationscience,materialssciencehighfusions,itsresearchcontentincludinggrowthformingcraft,biologicalmodellingdesignandmanufacturesystem,intelligentbiologicalmodellingmachineryandbiologicalformingmanufactureandsoon.Atpresentdoestheresearchworkmostlywillbethefrontexploringwork,hasthebrightbasicresearchcharacteristic,ifholdstheopportunitytostudy,possiblywillhavetherevolutionarybreakthrough.Fromnowonwillbesupposedtopayattentiontheresearchareawillhavethebiologytoprocesstechnical,thebiologicalmodellingmanufacturesystem,basedonthefastprototypetechniqueofmanufactureorganizationengineering,aswellaswithbio-engineeringcorrelationkeytechnologiesfoundationandsoon.Since3moderntechniqueofmanufacturetrendofdevelopment1990s,thevariouscountriesallhascarriedonthetechniqueofmanufactureresearchandthedevelopmentasthenationalkeytechnologiesgivesprioritytodevelopment,likeUS'sadvancedtechniqueofmanufactureplansAMTP,Japan'sintelligencetechniqueofmanufacture(IMS)internationalcooperationplan,SouthKorea'shigh-levelmoderntechnologynationalplan(G--7),Germany'smanufacture2000planswithEuropeanEconomicCommunity'sESPRITandBRITE-EURAMplan.Alongwithhightechnologyandnewtechnologyandsoonelectron,informationunceasingdevelopment,themarketdemandpersonalizationandthediversification,futurethemoderntechniqueofmanufacturedevelopmentgeneraltrendwillbetotheprecision,theflexibility,thenetwork,thevirtualization,intellectualized,thegreenintegration,theglobalizationdirectiondevelops.Thecurrentmoderntechniqueofmanufacturetrendofdevelopmenthasfollowingnineaspectsapproximately:(1)Informationtechnology,themanagementtechnologyandtheprocessingtechnologycloseunion,themodernmanufactureproductionpatterncanobtaindevelopsunceasingly.(2)Designtechnologyandmethodmoremodernized.(3)Formationandthetechniqueofmanufactureprecision,themanufactureprocessrealizethelowenergyconsumption.(4)Newspecialprocessingmethodformation.(5)Developsnewonegenerationultraprecise,thesupervelocitymanufactureequipment.(6)Processingcraftdevelopsbythetechniquefortheengineeringscience.(7)Implementsthenon-pollutiongreenmanufacture.(8)Inmanufacturingindustrywidespreadapplicationvirtualrealitytechnology.(9)Makeshumanist.3.2Modularmodulationsareoneitemimportantandthearduousproject.Becausetheintegrationofmachineryproducttypeandthemanufactureraremany,butthedevelopmentandthedevelopmenthavestandardmechanicalconnection,electricalconnection,powerconnection,theenvironmentconnectionintegrationofmachineryproductunitareanitemextremelycomplexalsoaretheextremelyimportantmatters.Ifthedevelopmentcollectiondeceleration,theintelligentvelocitymodulation,theelectricalmachineryinabodypowerunit,havefunctionandsoonvision,imageryprocessing,recognitionandrangefindercontrolunits,aswellaseachkindcancompletethemodeloperationthemechanism.Thus,mayusethestandardunittodevelopthenewproductrapidly,simultaneouslyalsomayexpandthescaleofproduction.Thisneedformulateseachstandard,inordertovariousparts,unitmatchandconnection.Asaresultoftheconflictsofinterest,verywillbedifficulttoformulateinternationalorthedomesticthisaspectstandardinthenearfuture,butmightthroughsetupsomebigenterprisestoformgradually.Obviously,theadvantagewhichfromtheelectricalproductstandardization,theseriationbringsmayaffirm,regardlessofistoproducesthestandardintegrationofmachineryunittheenterprisetoproducetheintegrationofmachineryproducttheenterprise,theformalizationwillgivetheintegrationofmachineryenterprisetobringthehappyfuture.3.3Network1990s,thecomputertechnologyandsoontheprominentachievementisthenetworking.Networkingstartingwiththerapiddevelopmentforthescienceandtechnology,theindustrialproduction,political,themilitary,theeducationmagnanimousactpersondailylifehasallbroughtthehugetransformation.Eachkindofnetworktheglobaleconomy,theproductionlinksupintoasinglestretch,enterprise'scompetitionwillalsoglobalize.Oncetheintegrationofmachinerynewproductdevelops,solongasitsfunctionisoriginal,thequalityisreliable,veryquickcanthebest-sellingwholeworld.Asaresultofthenetworkpopularization,isontherisebasedonnetworkeachkindoflong-distancecontrolandthesurveillancetechnology,butlong-distancecontrolterminaldeviceitselfistheintegrationofmachineryproduct.Thefieldbusandthelocalareanetworktechnologywasthedomesticelectricappliancesnetworkhasbecomethesituation,(homenet)connectedusingthefamilynetworkeachkindofdomesticelectricappliancestakethecomputerasthecentralcomputerintegrationelectricalappliancessystem(computerintegratedappliancesystem,CIAS),causedthepeopleathometosharetheinconvenienceandthejoywhicheachkindofhigh-techbrought.Therefore,theintegrationofmachineryproductfacesthenetworkdirectiontodevelopwithoutdoubt.3.4Microminiaturizedmicrominiaturizationemergeintheendof1980s,refersistheintegrationofmachinerytotheminiaturemachineandthemicroscopicdomaindevelopmenttendency.Overseasnameitmicroelectronmechanicalsystem(MEMS),makesageneralreferencethegeometrysizenottosurpass1-3CMtheintegrationofmachineryproduct,andtomicron,nanometerleveldevelopment.Themicrointegrationofmachineryproductvolumesmall,consumesenergyfew,themovementisflexible,inaspectsandsoonbiologicalmedicalservice,military,informationhastheincomparablesuperiority.Themicrointegrationofmachinerydevelopmentbottleneckliesinthemicromechanicaltechnology,themicrointegrationofmachineryproductprocessingusesthefineprocessingtechnology,namelyultraprecisetechnology,itincludingphotoetchingtechnologyandetchingtechnologytwokinds.3.5greenindustriesliveddevelopedforthepeoplehavebroughtthehugechange.Thematerialisatthesametimerich,thelifeiscomfortable;Ontheotherhand,theresourcesreduce,theecologicalenvironmentreceivestheseriouspollution.Therefore,thepeopleappealtheprotectionenvironmentresources,thereturnnature.Thegreenproductconceptarisesatthehistoricmomentunderthiskindofcall,thegreenisthetimetendency.Thegreenproductinitsdesign,themanufacture,theuseandinthedestructionlifeprocess,conformstothespecificenvironmentalprotectionandthehumanhealthrequest,harmlessortheharmareextremelyfewtotheecologicalenvironment,theresourcesusefactorisextremelyhigh.Thedesigngreenintegrationofmachineryproduct,hasthebroaddevelopmentfuture.Theintegrationofmachineryproductgreenmainlyisrefers,whenusedoesnotpollutetheecologicalenvironment,aftertheabandonmentcanrecycletheuse.Oneof3.6Systematizedsystematizationperformancecharacteristicsisthesystemarchitecturefurtherusesopenstyleandthepatternizingmainlinestructure.Thesystemmaythenimbleconfiguration,carryontailorsandthecombinationwillfully,simultaneouslyseeksrealizesthemulti-subsystemcoordinationcontrolandthesynthesismanagement.Secondperformanceisthecorrespondencefunctionbigenhancement,generallybesidesRS232,butalsohasRS485,theDCSpersonification.Thefutureintegrationofmachinerywillevenmorepaygreatattentiontotheproductandhuman'srelations,theintegrationofmachinerypersonificationwillhavetwomeanings.Oneis,theintegrationofmachineryproductfinallyuserisahuman,howentrustswiththeintegrationofmachineryproductperson'sintelligence,theemotion,thehumannatureappearsmoreandmoreimportantly,speciallytheoppositepartyusestherobot,itshigh-levelboundaryistheman-machineintegration.Anotherimitatesthebiologicalmechanism,developseachkindofmechanicalandelectricalbodycoloredproduct.Infact,manyintegrationofmachineryproductsallaredevelopedanimal'sinspiration.4.Conclusionsinsummary,theintegrationofmachineryappearanceisnotisolated,itismanyscienceandtechnologydevelopmentcrystallization,isthesocialproductiveforcesdevelopsthecertainstageinevitablyrequest.Certainly,alsohaswiththeintegrationofmachineryrelatedtechnologyverymany,andalongwiththescienceandtechnologydevelopment,thetendencywhicheachkindoftechnologywillfusemutuallymoreandmoreisobvious,theintegrationofmachinerytechnologybroadprospectsfordevelopmentmoreandmorewillbealsobright.机电一体化摘要机电一体化是现代科学技术发展的必然结果,本文简述了机电一体化技术的基本概要和发展背景。综述了国内外机电一体化技术的现状，分析了机电一体化技术的发展趋势。关键词机电一体化技术现状产品制造技术发展趋势1．绪论现代科学技术的不断发展，极大地推动了不同学科的交叉与渗透，导致了工程领域的技术革命与改造。在机械工程领域，由于微电子技术和计算机技术的迅速发展及其向机械工业的渗透所形成的机电一体化，使机械工业的技术结构、产品机构、功能与构成、生产方式及管理体系发生了巨大变化，使工业生产由“机械电气化”迈入了“机电一体化”为特征的发展阶段。2．机电一体化概要机电一体化是指在机构得主功能、动力功能、信息处理功能和控制功能上引进电子技术，将机械装置与电子化设计及软件结合起来所构成的系统的总称。机电一体化发展至今也已成为一门有着自身体系的新型学科，随着科学技术的不但发展，还将被赋予新的内容。但其基本特征可概括为：机电一体化是从系统的观点出发，综合运用机械技术、微电子技术、自动控制技术、计算机技术、信息技术、传感测控技术、电力电子技术、接口技术、信息变换技术以及软件编程技术等群体技术，根据系统功能目标和优化组织目标，合理配置与布局各功能单元，在多功能、高质量、高可靠性、低能耗的意义上实现特定功能价值，并使整个系统最优化的系统工程技术。由此而产生的功能系统，则成为一个机电一体化系统或机电一体化产品。因此，“机电一体化”涵盖“技术”和“产品”两个方面。只是，机电一体化技术是基于上述群体技术有机融合的一种综合技术，而不是机械技术、微电子技术以及其它新技术的简单组合、拼凑。这是机电一体化与机械加电气所形成的机械电气化在概念上的根本区别。机械工程技术有纯技术发展到机械电气化，仍属传统机械，其主要功能依然是代替和放大的体力。但是发展到机电一体化后，其中的微电子装置除可取代某些机械部件的原有功能外，还能赋予许多新的功能，如自动检测、自动处理信息、自动显示记录、自动调节与控制自动诊断与保护等。即机电一体化产品不仅是人的手与肢体的延伸，还是人的感官与头脑的眼神，具有智能化的特征是机电一体化与机械电气化在功能上的本质区别。3．机电一体化的发展状况机电一体化的发展大体可以分为3个阶段。20世纪60年代以前为第一阶段，这一阶段称为初级阶段。在这一时期，人们自觉不自觉地利用电子技术的初步成果来完善机械产品的性能。特别是在第二次世界大战期间，战争刺激了机械产品与电子技术的结合，这些机电结合的军用技术，战后转为民用，对战后经济的恢复起了积极的作用。那时研制和开发从总体上看还处于自发状态。由于当时电子技术的发展尚未达到一定水平，机械技术与电子技术的结合还不可能广泛和深入发展，已经开发的产品也无法大量推广。20世纪70~80年代为第二阶段，可称为蓬勃发展阶段。这一时期，计算机技术、控制技术、通信技术的发展，为机电一体化的发展奠定了技术基础。大规模、超大规模集成电路和微型计算机的迅猛发展，为机电一体化的发展提供了充分的物质基础。这个时期的特点是：①首先在日本被普遍接受，大约到20世纪80年代末期在世界范围内得到比较广泛的承认；②机电一体化技术和产品得到了极大发展；③各国均开始对机电一体化技术和产品给以很大的关注和支持。化进入深入发展时期。一方面，光学、通信技术等进入了20世纪90年代后期，开始了机电一体化技术向智能化方向迈进的新阶段，机电一体机电一体化，微细加工技术也在机电一体化中崭露头脚，出现了光机电一体化和微机电一体化等新分支；另一方面对机电一体化系统的建模设计、分析和集成方法，机电一体化的学科体系和发展趋势都进行了深入研究。同时，由于人工智能技术、神经网络技术及光纤技术等领域取得的巨大进步，为机电一体化技术开辟了发展的广阔天地。这些研究，将促使机电一体化进一步建立完整的基础和逐渐形成完整的科学体系。我国是从20世纪80年代初才开始在这方面研究和应用。国务院成立了机电一体化领导小组并将该技术列为“863计划”中。在制定“九五”规划和2010年发展纲要时充分考虑了国际上关于机电一体化技术的发展动向和由此可能带来的影响。许多大专院校、研究机构及一些大中型企业对这一技术的发展及应用