专题25 人与社会之科技与创新-2022年高考英语一轮复习讲练测（新教材新高考）（测）（含答案解析）

人与社会之科技与创新（测）满分：50得分阅读理解（每小题2分，共16）A（2021.山东潍坊.高三月考）Voicecloningiswhenacomputerprogramisusedtogenerateasynthetic（合成的）,adaptablecopyofaperson'svoice.Fromarecordingofsomeonetalking,thesoftwareisabletothencopyhisorhervoicespeakinganywordsorsentencesthatyoutypeintoakeyboard.Suchhavebeentherecentadvancesinthetechnologythatthecomputergeneratedaudio（音频）isnowsaidtobeshockinglyexact.Thesoftwarecanpickupnotjustyouraccent一butyourtimbre（音质），pace,flowofspeakingandyourbreathing.Andtheclonedvoicecanbeadjustedtoexpressanyrequiredemotion—suchasanger,fear,happinessorboredom.Voicecloningcanalsobeusedtotranslateanactorswordsintodifferentlanguages,thereforepotentiallymeaning,forexample,thatUSfilmproductioncompanieswillnolongerneedtohireadditionalactorstomakesound-copiedversionsoftheirmoviesforoverseasdistribution.Yetdespiteitsobviouscommercialpotential,voicecloninghasalsoledtogrowingconcernsthatitcouldbeusedincyber（网络）crime——totrickpeoplethatsomeoneelseistalking.AndcybersecurityexpertEddyBobritskysaysthereisa“hugesecurityrisk"thatcomeswiththesyntheticvoices.Infact,suchacasewasreportedbytheWallStreetJournalin2019,withaUKmanagersaidtohavebeentrickedintotransferring£190,000tocyber-criminalswhousedaclonedcopyofthevoiceofhisGermanboss.Therefore,stepstodealwiththisnewtechnologyandthethreatsitbringswithitneedtobemade.Andfirmsaroundtheworldareinfactalreadydoingthis.Suchcompaniescanmonitoraudiotoseeifitisfake,lookingfbrtell-talesignslikerepetition,digitalnoise,andtheuseofcertainphrasesorwords.Meanwhile,governmentsandlawagenciesarealsolookingattheissue.Lastyear,theEUurgeditsmemberstatestomake"significantinvestments^^intechnologiesthatcandetectdeepfakes.Howfarhasvoicecloninggone?A.Anaccentcanbechangedrandomly.B,Speechfeaturesofapersoncanbecopiedexactly.Wordsandsentencestypedcanberecognizedeasily.Computer-generatedaudioscanrecordemotionsaccurately.bringRosiealong.nTheyweren'tjustbestfriend.Actually,RosielookeduptoLiloandstartedlearninghowtoliveherbestwithLilo.Withtimegoingby,theeverpoorfragilekittengraduallycametolife,becomingfearlessandstrong.【解析】本文以故事的发展为线索展开，ThoaBui是当地的动物爱好者。这些年来，她拯救了许多动物。当一只可爱的小猫被发现独自在她同事的房子旁边时，她的心都碎了。所以索亚立刻把她带回家。这只小猫“又瘦又脏，快要死了:当Thoa把她心爱的宠物哈士奇利洛带进房间时，罗西的一切都改变了。L段落续写：①由第一段首句内容“一天，Thoa带利洛出去，把罗西留在家里。”可知，第一段可描小猫罗西一个人在家时发生的事情。②由第二段首句内容“她决定带着两个小家伙一起出去，利洛和罗西！”可知，第二段可描写哈土奇利洛和小猫罗西出去之后发生的事情。.续写线索：留小猫一个人在家一一小猫不开心——作者想办法——带小猫和哈士奇一块出去——小猫开心——小猫茁壮成长。.词汇激活行为类①回家：comebackhome/gobackhome/returnhome②想起/想出：thoughtof/comeupwith③认为：consider/regard情绪类.伤心：sad/grieved.无畏的/大胆的：fearless/daring【点睛】[高分句型1].Thoanoticedthattheeverabandonedlittlekitty,whichhadjustgainedwarmthandloveinhereyes,seemedobviouslysadonceagain.（由连接词that引导的宾语从句作noticed的宾语以及关系代词which引导的非限制性定语从句）[高分句型2].Withtimegoingby,theeverpoorfragilekittengraduallycametolife,becomingfearlessandstrong.（with复合结构作状语）Howdoesvoicecloningbenefitfilmcompanies?Itpopularizestheirmovies.Itreducesproductioncosts.Itexpandsoverseasmarkets.Ittrainstheiramateuractors.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“hugesecurityrisk“meaninparagraph4?Voicecloningcanbeusedillegally.Employeeshavedoubtsontheirbosses.Peopleareforcedtocommitacrime.Syntheticvoicelosesitscommercialvalue.Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?Theporcedurestodetectafakeclonedvoice.Theurgestoincreaseinvestmentinvoicecloning.Themethodstoimprovethequalityofclonedvoice.Themeasurestopreventnegativeeffectsofvoicecloning.【答案】1.B2.B3.A4.D【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要是以声音克隆技术为话题的，一款语音克隆软件已经发展到可以识别人的声音特点且可以进行情绪等的调整，同时还可以将语音翻译成不同的语言。但是，这种高科技也存在弊端，有可能被非法利用。因此从技术开发公司，到政府有关部门必须采取措施应对这种新技术及其带来的威胁。.细节理解题。根据文章第二段内容“Thesoftwarecanpickupnotjustyouraccent一butyourtimbre,pace,flowofspeakingandyourbreathing.Andtheclonedvoicecanbeadjustedtoexpressanyrequiredemotion-suchasanger,fear,happinessorboredom.（这款软件不仅能识别你的口音，还能识别你的音色、语速、说话的流畅度和呼吸。克隆的声音可以调整，以表达任何需要的情绪，如愤怒、恐惧、快乐或无聊。广可知，语音克隆软件已经发展到可以识别人的声音特点且可以进行情绪等的调整，即，一个人的语音特征可以准确地复制。故选B项。.细节理解题。根据文章第三段内容“Voicecloningcanalsobeusedtotranslateanactorswordsintodifferentlanguages,thereforepotentiallymeaning,forexample,thatUSfilmproductioncompanieswillnolongerneedtohireadditionalactorstomakesound-copiedversionsoftheirmoviesforoverseasdistribution.（声音克隆还可以用来将演员的话翻译成不同的语言，因此，例如，这可能意味着，美国电影制作公司将不再需要雇佣额外的演员来制作他们的电影的声音拷贝版本，以便在海外发行。广可知，声音克隆软件可以将演员的话翻译成不同的语言，从而帮助电影制作公司省去雇佣额外演员制作声音拷贝版本的费用，节省成本。故选B项。.词义猜测题。分析可知，后文“Infact,suchacasewasreportedbytheWallStreetJournalin2019,withaUKmanagersaidtohavebeentrickedintotransferring£190,000tocyber-criminalswhousedaclonedcopyofthevoiceofhisGermanboss.（事实上，《华尔街日报》在2019年报道了这样一个案例，据说一名英国经理被骗向网络犯罪分子转移了19万英镑，这些网络犯罪分子使用了他德国老板声音的克隆副本。广是对划线短语“hugesecurityrisk”的事实举例，由此可知，声音克隆软件有可能被非法利用，存在着很大的安全隐患。因此，“hugesecurityrisk”应是表达“安全风险”含义，与选项A“Voicecloningcanbeused川egally.（语音克隆可以被非法使用。户表达含义相同。故选A项。.主旨大意题。通过阅读文章最后一段可知，该段首句"Therefore,stepstodealwiththisnewtechnologyandthethreatsitbringswithitneedtobemade.（因此，必须采取措施应对这种新技术及其带来的威胁）”揭示了该段的中心要义，即，该段的内容主要是关于如何防止声音克隆负面影响的。故选D项。B（2021•江西•高三月考）Thenegativeimpactsofplastichavebeenwell-documented.Halfplasticsproducedannuallyworldwideendupinlandfillsortheenvironment.Now,Frenchstart-upCarbioswantstohelprelievetheworld'splasticpollutionproblemwithabacterialenzyme（细菌酶）thatdigestsPET——themostplentifulplasticusedtoproducepackaging,andplasticbottles——andturnitintoitschemicalbuildingblocks.Theresultingmaterialcanbeusedtocreateanythingand,moreimportantly,canbecontinuouslyrecycled."MechanicalrecyclingislimitedJexplainsCarbiosCEOMartinStephan."Tomakeaplasticbottlewiththattechnology,youneedaplasticbottleasaninputmaterial.Afterseveralcyclesofrecycling,theplasticisoflowerqualityandcanonlybeusedforsomethinglikethebackingofacarpetbeforeitisthrownawayentirely.Soifsnotasolutionforplastics,whereasoursolutionisalimitlessrecyclingsolution.Thecompany'ssearchfortheidealplastic-eatingbacteriabeganaboutadecadeago,with100000promisingcandidates.Thelistwassooncutdowntoone,whichwasfirstdiscoveredin2012.Oncetheperfectcompetitorhadbeenidentified,Carbiosscientistsbegantoimproveitsplasticdigestingpowerandkeepitstableat65℃—theidealtemperatureforfastdegradation（降解）.Theimprovedenzymewasabletodowngradeatonofplasticinlessthan10hours.Tobreakdowntheplastic,thewasteisplacedinareactorwithwaterandtheenzymeandheatedfor16hoursat65℃.Theresultingmixisthenpurified.ThisallowsfortherecoveryofthebuildingblocksthatmakeupPETplastics.Therecyclingprocess,whichiscurrentlyinitspilotstage,willbetestedonalargerangeby2021.Carbioshopestolaunchthetechnologycommerciallyinthenearfuture.ThoughCarbios9recyclingtechniquewillcertainlyhelpreduceplasticpollution,itisonlypartofthesolution.Onlyifpeopledoabetterjobofensuringplasticwasteendsupinarecyclingcan,canwewinthebattle..WhafsParagraph2mainlyabout?A.Thereasonforcollectingmaterials.B,Theeffectivesolutionsforplasticwaste.Thedrawbacksofmechanicalrecyclingofplastics.Thecharacteristicsofanewplastic-makingtechnique.Whafsthefirststeptowardsthenewplasticrecyclingtechnique?Findabacteriaefficientatbreakingdownplastic.Identifytheidealtemperatureforfastdegradation.Gatherasmuchplasticaspossible.Placeplasticinareactor.WhatdoesCarbiosexpectoftheirnewtechnology?It'llbeenvironmentallyfriendly.It'llreducetheirproductioncosts.It'llgointotheexperimentalstage.Ifllbringaboutprofits.Whafsthebesttitleforthetext?GarbageSortingBenefitstheWholeWorldCarbioshasDevelopedanPlastic-EatingEnzymeCarbios:aPioneerinProtectingNaturePlasticPollution:aSeriousProblem【答案】5.C6.A7.D8.B【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了Carbios公司发明的一种新型的可以分解PET的细菌酶来帮助缓解世界塑料污染问题。.主旨大意题。根据第二段内容尤其是第一句中的“Mechanicalrecyclingislimited（机械回收有限）”可知，本段主要介绍了机械回收塑料的弊端。故选C。.推理判断题。根据第三段第一句中的“Thecompany'ssearchfortheidealplastic-eatingbacteriabeganaboutadecadeago（大约十年前，该公司开始寻找理想的食用塑料的细菌）”可知，这个公司十年前就一直在寻找能分解塑料的细菌；根据第三句中的“Oncetheperfectcompetitorhadbeenidentified,Carbiosscientistsbegantoimproveitsplasticdigestingpower（一旦确定了完美的竞争对手，Carbios的科学家们就开始提高它的塑料消化能力）”可知，在找到这种可以分解塑料的细菌后，这家公司才开始开展其他的工作。由此可推知，找到一种高效分解塑料的细菌是回收技术的第一步。故选A。.细节理解题。根据最后一段第二句"Carbioshopestolaunchthetechnologycommerciallyinthenearfuture.（Carbios希望在不久的将来将这项技术商业化。）“可知，Carbios公司希望在不久的将来能够将这项技术商业化，即依靠它带来收益。故选D。.主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Now,Frenchstart-upCarbioswantsto...Theresultingmaterialcanbeusedtocreateanythingand,moreimportantly,canbecontinuouslyrecycled.（现在，法国初仓企业Carbios希望通过一种细菌酶来帮助缓解世界上的塑料污染问题，这种酶可以消化pet一生产包装和塑料瓶所用的最丰富的塑料一一并将其转化为化学成分。由此产生的材料可以用来创造任何东西，更重要的是，可以持续回收。）”可知，文章介绍了Carbios公司发明的一种新型的可以分解PET的细菌酶，它将被用来帮助缓解世界塑料污染问题。故B项“Carbios公司研制出了一种可以分解塑料的细菌酶”是本文的最佳标题。故选B。完形填空（2021•广东实验中学高三月考）（每小题1分，共15分）Theconceptofsolitude（独处）inthedigitalworldisalmostnon-existent.Intheworldofdigitaltechnology,e-mail,socialnetworkingandonlinevideogames,informationismeanttobe1.Solitudecanbehardtodiscoveronceithasbeengivenup.Inthisrespect,newtechnologieshave2ourculture.Thedesiretobeconnectedhasbroughtsolitudetoa（n）3aswe*veknownit.Peoplehavebecomeso_4intheworldofnetworksandconnectionsthatonecanoftenbecontactedevenifthey'drathernotbe.Todaywecantalk,text,e-mail,chatandblog,notonlyfromour5,butfromourmobilephonesaswell.Mostdevelopednationshavebecome6ondigitaltechnologysimplybecausethey'vegrownaccustomedtoit,andatthispointnot7itwouldmakethemanoutsider.Also,manyjobsandcareersrequirepeopletobe8Fromthispointofview,technologyhaschangedthecultureofwork.Beingreachablemightfeellikea9tothosewhomaynotwanttobeabletobecontactedatalltimes.Isupposethepositivesideisthatsolitudeisstillpossibleforanyonewho10wantsit.Computerscanbeshutdownandmobilephonescanbeturnedoff.Theabilitytobe^'connected'^and"on"hasmany11，aswellasdisadvantages.Travelershaveendedup12onmountains,andmobilephoneshavesavedcountlesslives.Theycanalsomakepeoplefeel13andforcedtoanswerunwantedcallsor14tounwanted

texts.Attitudestowardsourconnectednessasasociety15acrossgenerations.Somefindtoday'stechnologyagift.Othersconsideritacurse.Regardlessofanyone'sviewonthesubject,it'shardtoimaginewhatlifewouldbelikewithoutdailyadvancementsintechnology.A.updatedA.respectedA.edgeA.sensitiveA.updatedA.respectedA.edgeA.sensitiveA.mediaA.bentA.findingA.connectedA.pleasureA.slightlyA.aspectsA.hiddenA.trappedA.turnA.vary【答案】1.C2.B3.15.AB・receivedB.shapedB,stageB,intelligentB,computersB.hardB.usingB,trainedB.benefitB.hardlyB,weaknessesB.lostexcitedB,submitB,ariseC4.D5.B6.D7.sharedC,ignoredC.endC,considerateC・databasesC.keenC.protectingC-recommendedC.burdenC・merelyC・advantagesC.relaxedC.confusedobjectC-spreadB8.A9.CIO.Dll.D.collectedD.preservedD.balanceD.reachableD.monitorsD.dependentD.changingD.interestedD.disappointmentD.reallyD.exceptionsD.desertedD.amusedD.replyexistC12.B13.A14.D【解析】本文为议论文。独处理念在当今数码世界几乎不复存在，新技术使我们连接成了一个社会，并塑造了我们的文化。能够被连接在一起既有优势也有弊端。不管人们对这一话题持何种态度，如果没有日常技术进步，很难想象生活会是什么样子。L考查动词词义辨析。句意：在数字技术、电子邮件、社交网络和在线视频游戏的世界里，信息意味着共享。A.updated更新；B.received接收；C.shared分享；D.collected收集。根据上一句"Theconceptofsolitude（独处）inthedigitalworldisalmostnon-existent.”可知，独处理念在数码世界几乎不存在，因此信息的意义在于分享。故选C。.考查动词词义辨析。句意：从这方面来说，新技术塑造了我们的文化。A.respected尊重；B.shaped塑造;C.ignored忽视；D.preserved保护。根据下文Fromthispointofview,technologyhaschangedthecultureofwork.可知，新的技术塑造了我们的文化。故选B。.考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们都知道，渴望与世界联系的欲望，已经让孤独走到了尽头。A.edge边缘;.stage舞台；C.end结束；D.balance平衡。短语：bringanendto”使结束"，结合句中Thedesiretobeconnected可知，联系的渴望使孤独走向尽头。故选C。.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在网络和联系的世界里，人们变得如此容易联系，即使他们不想被联系，也经常可以被联系到。A.sensitive敏感的，善解人意的；B.intelligent有才智的；C.considerate体贴的；D.reachable可到达的。根据句中connectionsthatonecanoftenbecontactedevenifthey*drathernotbe可知,即使人们不想被联系，也可以被联系到。所以网络使得联系变得触手可及。故选D。.考查名词词义辨析。句意：今天，我们不仅可以通过电脑，也可以通过手机谈话、编辑短信、发邮件、聊天和写博客。A.media媒体；B.computers电脑；C.databases数据库；D.monitors监视器。结合句中wecantalk,text,e-mail,chatandblog,可知我们可以通过电脑和手机进行聊天等功能。故选B。.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：大多数发达国家之所以依赖数字技术，仅仅是因为他们已经习惯了数字技术，在这一点上，不使用数字技术将使他们成为局外人。A.bent弯曲的;B.hard辛苦的;C.keen渴望的;D.dependent依靠的obe/becomedependenton"对依赖”,根据下文Fromthispointofview,technologyhaschangedthecultureofwork,可知此处指多数发达国家对技术是依赖的。故选D。.考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A.finding发现；B.using使用；C.protecting保护；D.changing改变。结合句中itwouldmakethemanoutsider,将被视为是局外人，可知此处指不使用技术，故选B。.考查动词词义辨析。句意：而且，许多工作和职业需要人们联系在一起。A.connected连接，联系；B.trained训练；C.recommended推荐；D.interested使感兴趣。结合前文Peoplehavebecomeso4intheworldofnetworks可知，此处指工作和职业需要人们联系在一起。故选A。考查名词词义辨析。句意：对那些可能不想总是能够被联系上的人来说，随处可及可能感觉像个负担。A.pleasure乐事；B.benefit益事；Cburden负担；D.disappointment令人失望的事。根据句中thosewhomaynotwanttobeabletobecontactedatalltimes可知，不想总是能够被联系的人被联系了，对他们而言就是一种负担。故选C。.考查副词词义辨析。句意：我认为积极的一面是，对于真正想独处的人来说，独处仍然是可能的。A.slightly轻微地；B.hardly几乎不；C.merely仅仅；D.really真地。根据下文Computerscanbeshutdownandmobilephonescanbeturnedoff.可知，此处指若真的要想独处是完全可能的。故选D。.考查名词词义辨析。句意：能够被联系上既有优势也有弊端。A.aspects方面；B.weaknesses弱点；C.advantages优势；D.exceptions例外。根据下文aswellasdisadvantages可知此处指有许多优点。故选Co.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：旅行者最后迷失在大山上，手机挽救了无数的生命。A.hidden藏起来的；B.lost迷路的；C.relaxed放松的；D.deserted丢弃的。endupdone/adj./doing”以告终（为结局）结合句中onmountains,andmobilephoneshavesavedcountlesslives可知，此处指旅行者在山中迷路。故选B。.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它们还会让人们感到被困，被迫接不想接的电话或回不想回的短信。A.trapped被困的，受限制的;B.excited感到兴奋的;C.confused困惑的；D.amused愉快的。结合句中forcedtoanswerunwantedcalls可知此处指手机也会使人感到被限制了。故选A。.考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A.turn转身；B.submit提交；C.object反对；D.reply回应。根据前文answerunwantedcalls及后文tounwantedtexts可知，此处指回复不想回的信息。故选D。6考查动词词义辨析。句意：对于我们被连接成一个社会，不同代的人态度不一。A.vary变化，呈多样化；B.arise（问题）出现;C.spread散步，蔓延;D.exist存在。结合下文Somefindtoday'stechnologyagift.Othersconsideritacurse可知，不同代的人们的态度是不一样的。故选A。读后续写（19分）读后续写【河北省邢台市“五岳联盟”部分重点学校2021-2022学年高三上学期期中】阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。ThoaBuiwasalocalanimallover.Shehadrescuedmanyanimalsovertheyears.Whenasweetlittlecatwasfoundalonenexttoherco-worker*shouse,herheartbroke.SoThoawas-tednotimetakingherintoherhome.Thoarecalledthatthisbabycatwas"skinny,dirtyanddying”.Thoanamedthecutecat,Rosie.Thoawasreadyandwillingtodowhatevertosavethissmallanimal.Thepoorkittywasabandonedfromhermotheratsuchayoungage,andThoawasgettingnervousthatRosiewouldn'tmakeitanothernightwithouteatingproperly.So,ifThoaherselfcouldn'thelpRosiefeelsafeenough,perhapsanotheranimalcouldhelp.AssoonasThoabroughtinhercherishedpet,Lilothehusky（哈士奇），intotheroom,everythingchangedforRosie.Together,thetwoinstantlysharedaspecialbond.LilolaydownwithRosie,andastheminuteswentby,itwasclearthat