Bloomfield的语言学理论课件

Bloomfield’sTheoryBorninChicago,Illinoisin1887.AttendedHarvardCollegefrom1903to1906,graduatingwiththeA.B.degree.AttendedtheUniversityofChicagoin1908-1909,graduatingwiththeDoctor’sdegreeUndertookfurtherstudiesDrovetheAmericanlinguisticsstudyintoaBloomfieldTimesLanguage《语言论》Publishedin1933ThebasicprincipleofAmericanstructuralistlinguisticsacomprehensivedescriptionofAmericanstructuralistlinguistics.MainTheoriesBehaviorismSpeechCommunityPhoneticsandPhonologyGrammaticalDescriptionImmediateConstituentAnalysisSyntacticConstructionsForBloomfield,linguisticsisabranchofpsychology,andspecificallyofthepositivisticbrandofpsychologyknownasBEHAVIOURISM.Behaviorism,isaprincipleofscientificmethod,basedonthebeliefthathumanbeingscannotknowanythingtheyhavenotexperienced.Stimulus---Response---ReinforcementWhenthebehavioristmethodologyenteredlinguisticsviaBloomfield’swritings,thepopularpracticeinlinguisticstudieswastoacceptwhatanativespeakersaysinhislanguageandtodiscardwhathesaysaboutit.Bloomfield’sPrincipleWhenoneindividualisstimulated,hisspeechcanmakeotherindividualreactaccordingly.一个人受到某种刺激时，他可以用他的言语让另一个人做出相应的反应。Thedivisionoflaborandallhumanactivitiesbasedonthedivisionoflaboraredependentonlanguage.劳动分工以及基于劳动分工之上的一切人类活动都依赖于语言。Thedistancebetweenthespeakerandhearer,twoseparatenervoussystems,isbridgedupbysoundwaves.说话人和听话人——两个不同的神经系统——之间的距离由声波连接在一起。SpeechCommunityLiteraryStandard(文学标准体)：用于正式讲演或书面语，通过教育得到，与人所处的地域没有关系。e.g.Ihavenone.ColloquialStandard(口语标准体)：特权阶层的非正式文体。e.g.Ihaven’tgotany.ProvincialStandard(地方标准体)：与口语标准体接近，取决于出现的地方。e.g.Ihaven’tany.Ihaven’tgotany.PhoneticsandPhonologyExperimentalPhonetics/LaboratoryPhonetics实验语音学Phonology音位学Phoneme---minimalunitsingleprimaryphoneme/segmentalphonemecompoundphonemesecondaryphoneme

MainTheoriesICAnalysisConstituentisatermusedinstructuralsentenceanalysisforeverylinguisticunit,whichisapartofalargerlinguisticunit.Severalconstituentstogetherforaconstruction.Forexample,

ICAnalysisEndocentricConstruction向心结构ExocentricConstruction离心结构AchievementandinfluenceLeadingthedevelopmentofstructuralistlinguisticsintheUnitedStatesduringthe1930sandthe1940s.InthehistoryofAmericanlinguistics,theseyearsbetween1933-1950iscalled“BloomfieldianAge”.MakingsignificantcontributionstoIndo-Europeanhistoricallinguistics,Sanskritstudyand

thedescriptionofAustronesialanguage,andtheAlg