ap-biologyAP课程是由理事会主持

AAPAAPBiologychapterPage一、一、APAP（AdvancedPlacement的缩写）在高中阶段开设的具有大学水平的课程，有22个门类、37大学理事会（The ）主持学科学生提前接触大学课程，避免了高中和大学初级阶段课程的重复。目前，已有0多个国家的近600所大学承认P学分为其入学参考标准，其中包括哈佛、耶鲁、牛津、界名牌大学。等AP考试每年5月举行，目前已经在全球80Page二、二、APBiologyBigIdea1:Theprocessofevolutiondrivesunityoflife.BigIdea2:Biologicalsystemsutilizefreeenergyandmolecularbuildingblocktogrow,toreproduceandtomaintaindynamicsystemstore,retrieve,transmitandrespondtoessentialtolifeBigIdea4:BiologicalsystemsystemsandtheirprossescomplexPageScienceScienceSciencePractices1SciencePractices2SciencePractices3在SciencePractices5SciencePractices6SciencePractices7Page三、三、APBiology中国官网官网：PageAPFebruary2-21,March3-17，官网：每科中国官网：每科1000元PagePage四、四、APBiologyPage55=extremelywell4=well3=2=possibly1= PageAPAPBiologyPage五、APBiology课 考试比例 内Page5分5432117238459Molecular687889AnimalStructureandAnimalStructureandAnimalStructureandAnimalBehaviorandAAPBiologychapterPageLLivingcreaturesareAllmadeofthesamecollectionofchemicals,butweareorganizedas…proteins,fats,carbohydrates,nucleicPageLLivingcreaturesareAllmadeofthesamecollectionofchemicals,butweareorganizedas…organelles&plantcells&animalanimalPageLLivingcreaturesareAllmadeofthesamecollectionofchemicals,butweareorganizedas…organs&organPage Anythingthathasmassandtakesupspace.Element元素:ThesimplestformofthatstilldisplaysisuniqueThesmallestformofanIons离子:AnatomwithapositiveornegativePagePagePagePPageEEssentialElement必需元素thatanorganismneedstoliveahealthylifeandmacroelement大量FourCarbon(C)Pagecalcium(Ca)potassium(K)TraceElement微量元素(very iodine(I)PageWWithinIsotopes同位素 mberofnumberofneuronsPageTwoormoredifferenttypesofatomsarecombinedinafixedratio,theyformCompoundsPageCChemical–Ionicbond(transferred)离子Covalentbond(shared)共价––PageCCovalentnonpolartheelectronsaresharedequallybetweentheatomspolartheelectronsaresharedunequallybetweentheatomsPageWWater-themostimportantthree-quartersofearth's60%ofPageWWater-hydrogenHHOWeakattractionbetweenpositiveHinoneH2OmoleculetonegativeOinanotherAhydrogenbond氢键istheelectromagneticattractiveinteractionbetweenpolarmoleculesinwhichhydrogen(H)isboundtoahighlyelectronegativeatom.PageWWater-cohesionandCohesiveforces内聚力strongtendencytosticktogetherinmoleculesAdhesion粘附力stickotherPagecapillaryaction毛细管现象:inthinvesselsWWater-cohesionandhighsurfacetension表面张力:difficulttobreakthesurfaceofliquidPage polarornon-polar?Hydrophobicsubstancesthatdon’thaveanattractiontoH2Opolarornon-polar?PageWWater-highheatcapacitytyofheatrequiredtochangethetemperatureasubstanceby1keepthetemperaturePageWWater-uniquedissolveotherpolarsubstancescohesiveandadhesivepropertieshighheatcapacityhighsurfacetensionPageAAPBioPageggAcidic酸,Basic碱orNeutralincreasesthehydrogenionreducesthehydrogenionH+>H+<H+=PageppH-pHlessthan7isacidic;greaterthan7isbasicMidpointis7,theneutralAnincreaseinH+ionsinH+ionspH1pH210-110-10timeslesspH8pH710-810-10timesmorepH10pH810-1010-8100timesmore

Itislogarithmic.achangeofonepHnumberactuallyH+ionsconcentration.PagePagePageOOrganicOrganicinlivingorganisma;containcarbonInorganicdonotcontaincarbonatoms(exceptcarbonPageOOrganicProteins（蛋白质）Lipids（脂类Nucleicacids（核酸Page Somemultipleofunitmonosaccharides(单糖)-simplestdisaccharides(二糖)-doublepolysaccharides(多糖)-polymercomposedofmanyPagemmonosaccharides:thesimplestsugars，serveasanenergysourceforcells.Glucose葡萄糖andFructose果 Pagemonosaccharides--themonosaccharides--theeintwoα-glucoseandβ-glucose,whichdiffersimplybyreversaloftheOHonthefirstcarbon.PageDDisaccharidesremovingawaterfromthetwosugarstoformaglycosidicbond糖苷moleculeislostPageHHydrolysisaddingwatertobreakupdisaccharidesandformtwo+PagePPolysaccharidesStarch淀粉thestorageformforstroingGlycogen糖原thestorageformforCellulose纤维素formationofcellstructuralChitin几丁质:theexoskeletonsofPagePageOOrganicMolecules-CarbohydratesCarbohydratesserveasfuelandbuildingPageOOrganicMolecules-adiversityofresultinginawiderangeofPageAminoAminoacid氨基organicmoleculesthatserveasthebuildingblocksoffouraminogroup-NH2carboxylgroup-COOHRPagePPageNNonpolaraminononpolar&甘氨丙氨缬氨亮氨异亮甲硫苯丙色氨脯氨PagePPolaraminopolarorcharged&丝氨 苏氨 半胱氨 络氨天冬氨酸谷氨酰基PageFFunctionalPartsoforganicmoleculesthatareinvolvedinchemicalgiveorganicmoleculesdistinctivehydroxylcarbonyl碳酰carboxyl羧aminosulfhydryl硫phosphatePage醛醛酮PagePagepeptidebond肽键:thebondbetweentwoaminoacidsPageTheThestructureofPageTheThestructureofPageOOrganicMolecules-FunctionofTransportproteinsStorageproteinsStruturalproteinsReceptorproteinsPageOOrganicMolecules-consistsfattyacid=longHC“tail”withcarboxyl(COOH)groupPageTTriacylglycerol3fattyacidslinkedtoesterlinkagebetweenOH&PageSSaturatedfat饱和脂肪：afathavenodoublebondsbetweentheindividualcarbonatomsofthefattyacidchain.NoC=Cdoublelong,straightchainmostanimalfatscontributestocardiovascularPageUUnsaturatedfat不饱和脂肪：afatinwhichthereisatleastonedoublebondwithinthefattyacidchain.C=CdoublebondsinthefattyvegetableoilsliquidatroomPagepphospholipidsPageBilayerBilayerstrutureformedbyPageSSteroids(固醇basicstructureoffourlinkedcarboncholesterol胆固醇,vitaminDandavarietyofPageOOrganicMolecules-lipidsareimportantbecausetheyfunctionasstructuralcomponentsofcellsmembranes,sourcesofinsulation,andameansofenergystorage.PageOOrganicMolecules-Nucleicsinglehelixdoublemonomers