专题10：词汇填空+能力综合练-2022年高考二轮复习能力提升精品讲义15讲（上海）

词汇填空篇+综合练Developchildren'slifelonglearningability拈春孩3络2学习力阴汇拓展击题精选实战演练能力提升练能力提升练能力提升练能力提升练能力提升练能力提升练能力提升练能力提升练能力提升练(一)GrammarandVocabularyDirections:Afterfadingthepassagesbelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagescoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenwont,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenwond;fortheotherblanks,useonewontthatbestfitseachblank.ApplyPayissimpletouseandworkswiththecardyoualreadyhaveonthedevices(21)youuseeveryday.AndbecauseyourcarddetailsareneversharedwhenyouuseApplePay—infact,theyaren'tstoredonyourdeviceatall-usingApplePayonyouri-Phone,AppleWatch,oriPadisthesaferand(22)(private)waytopay.Nowpayinginstoreshappensinonenaturalmotion-there'snoneedtoopenanapporevenwakeupyourdisplay(23)theinnovativeNearFieldCommunication(NFC)antenna(天线)iniPhone6andiPhone6s.Topay,justholdyouriPhonenearthecontactlessreaderwithyourfingeronTouchID.Oryou(24)double-clicktheHomebuttonwhenyouriPhoneislockedtoaccessWalletandquicklymakeyourpurchases.Yourcardnumberisneverstoredonyourdevice,andwhenyoumakeapayment,yourdebitorcreditcardnumberswon'tbesenttothemerchantApplePayassigns(25)uniquenumberforeachpurchase,soyourpaymentsstayprivateandsecure.AvailablesinceOctoba,20,2014,ApplePayisdesignedtoallowiPhone6,6s,6Plusand6sPlususersintheUnitedStates,theUnitedKingdom,Australia,CanadaandChina(26)(make)paymentsforgoodsandserviceswiththeiriPhonesinretailstoresthroughanNFCchip(27)(build)intotheiriPhones.WiththeAppleWatch,ApplePayisalsoextendedtotheiPhone5,iPhone5c,andiPhone5s.Tokeeptransactionssecure,Appleusesamethodknownas"tokenizationJ(28)(prevent)actualcreditcardnumbersfrombeingsentovertheair.ApplealsosecurespaymentsusingTouchIDoncompatibleiPhonesandcontinualskincontactontheAppleWatch.AppleisaimingtoreplacethewalletwithApplyPay,andtheone-steppaymentprocesshelpspeoplenolongerdigthroughapurseorwallettofindcreditcards.AsitisbuiltonexistingNFCtechnology,ApplePaywillwork(29)NFC-basedcontactlesspayments(30)(accept).21.which/that；22.moreprivate；23.thanksto;24.can;25.a;26.tomake;27.built;28.preventing;29.where/^herever;30.areacceptedDirections:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwoirlcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthemisonewotilmovethanyouneed.A.abundantB.achievableC.astonishingD.exactlyE.inspirationF.pocketedG.potentialH.promisingI.respectivelyJ.stimulationK.thrilledThe88thAcademyAwardsonceagain31peoplearoundtheworld,includingtheChinese,whowereexcitedaboutLeonardoDiCaprio9swinningtheBestActoraward.ButtheannualceremonyalsoputChinesefilmmakersinanawkwardposition,asnoChinesefilmshaveever32agoldentrophy.Thehardtruthleavespeoplewonderingwhenthenation,whichisalreadytheworld'ssecondlargestfilmmarket,willearnaplaceintherenownedawardceremony'sspotlight.ThecircumstancefordomesticartistsissimilartothatofChinesewritersandscientistsbeforeMoYanandTuYbuyouwonaNobelPrizein2012and201533.JustasChinesepeoplebecomeaccustomedtoseeingtheirfellowcitizenstakinghomeNobelPrizes,itistimeforthemtoseethatwinninganOscarisalso34.AstheChinesefilmmarketcontinuestogrowat35speed-statisticsshowedthatChinesecinemastookarecord6.87billionyuaninticketsalesinFebruary2016,withthemonthlyboxofficeovertakingthatofNorthAmericaforthefirsttime——italsoattracts36capitalfromhomeandabroad,whichwillmostlikelytemptmoretalentintofilm.Thiswillhelpboostcreativityandquality,twomajorweakspotsofthemajorityofhomegrownmovies.Inaddition,therehasbeenagrowingawarenessofhowmuchofChineseculturehasyettobetapped.Chineseculturehasalreadyprovidedarichsourceof37forHollywoodproductions.TheKungFuPandafilmsareoutstandingexamples;theoriginalanditsfirstsequelareamongthehighest-grossinganimatedfilmsever.ItiscommonlybelievedthatChinadoesn'tlacksourcesofinspiration.AslongasChinesefilmmakers,armedwithlatestfilmmakingtechnologies,improvetheirstorytellingskill,theycouldseetheir38released.AlsoworthnothingisthatChinanowhasa39youngergenerationoffilmmakers.Withmoreprofessionalandinternationaltrainingcomparedwiththeirpredecessors,theyarebetterequippedtomakebreakthroughs.Noonecanpredictwhen40ahomegrownfilmmaystuntheworld,butthereisgoodreasontobeoptimistic.Patienceisgoldfordomesticfilmmakers.31-40KFIBCAEGHD（二）ReadingComprehensionDirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwonisorphrasesmarkedA,BfCandD,Fillineachblankwiththewondorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.IsMailStressingYouOut?Fewpeoplewoulddisagreethatemailmakesourliveseasier.But41emailcancauseproblems.Answeringallthoseemailsandprocessingallthatinformationcan42thebrain,causingstress.SosaystheFutureWorkCentre,abusinessbasedinLondon.Thiscompanycarriesout43researchonpeople'sexperiencesintheirworkplaces.Dr.RichardMacKinnonatthecenterwastheleadauthorofareportonmessaginghabits.Hecallsemailadouble-edgedsword:Emailsprovideausefulwaytocommunicate,buttheycouldaddto44inthemind,causingstress.Comerainorshine,someofficeworkersareunderpressuretoreadandansweremailsalldaylong.Psychologistsareconcernedaboutthepressurethatworkersbringonthemselves.Dr.RichardMacKinnonsaysthat45emailcanbeavaluable,time-savingcommunicationtool,itcanalsobeasourceofstressandeven46formanyofus.Headdsthatthestress47comefromthenumberofemailsyougetbutresultfromwhenandhowyoudealwiththem.Accordingtothestudy,leavingemailonalldayandneversigningoff,48readingandansweringemailsearlyinthedayandlateatnight,arewhatmakesemail49.Dr.MacKinnonsaysbothbademailhabitsare50tohigherlevelsofstressinofficeworkers.Thereportgivesseveralsuggestionson51emailstress.XUseemailwithaplan.Donotjustreacttoendlessemail52.Ifyouuseanemailapplication,orapp,onyourdevice,closeitdownwhenyouwanttobeleftalone.Tfyouneedtocommunicatewithaco-worker,callorbetterstillwalktotheirofficeandtalkaboutit.XBecarefulwiththenreplyall”option.53,ifyouareacceptinganinvitationtoattendtraining,justwritebacktothosewhoneedtoknow.Trustme.Otherworkersonthatmailinglistwillthankyouinsteadofbeingangrywithyou.Andacceptthefactthatifamatteris54employerswillcallyouaboutit.Emailiscertainlynotgoinganywhere.So,itisimportanttotake55ofyouremailsandnottheotherwayaround.41.A.cancellingB.misunderstandingC.misusingD.reusing42.A.overloadB.overlookC.relaxD.slower43.A.psychologicalB.physicalC.practicalD.logical44.A.imaginationB.confusionC.tensionD.hesitation45.A.ifB.whileC.sinceD.because46.A.diseaseB.angerC.sadnessD.tiredness47.A.almostB.partlyC.hardlyD.absolutely48.A.apartfromB.insteadofC.otherthanD.alongwith49.A.stressfulB.painfulC.forgetfulD.helpful

50.A.comparedB.linkedC.opposedD.added51.A.buildingB.protectingC.changingD.avoiding52.A.informationB.addressesC.alertsD.tips53.A.HoweverB.ForexampleC.InfactD.Therefore54.A.urgentB.interestingC.attractiveD.significant55.A.noticeB.careC.controlD.place41-55CAACBBCDABDCBAC55.A.noticeB.careC.controlD.place（三）阅读Directions:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinfonnationgiveninthepassageyouhaveread.（2018宝山一模）Formanyinthegeneralpublicandtheengineeringcommunityalike,thepotentialimplicationsofadditivemanufacturing（AM）haveexcitedtheimagination.Popularlyknownas3-Dprinting,theemergingclassoftechnologieshasbeenregardedasbotharevolutioninproductionandanopportunityfordramaticenvironmentaladvanceYetwhilethetechnologicalcapabilitiesofadditivemanufacturingprocessesarestudiedextensively,adeepunderstandingoftheirenvironmentalimplicationsisstilllacking.AnewspecialissueofYale'sJournalofIndustrialEcologypresentsthecutting-edgeresearchonthisemergingfield,providingimportantinsightsintoitsenvironmental,energy,andhealthimpacts.Thoughsometimesdescribedinthepublicfieldassimilartoaninkjetprinterformakingobjects,additivemanufacturingisprimarilyusedasaproductionprocessinindustryandcontainsadiversesetoftechnologies.Whattheyshareistheabilitytoproduceproductsandpartsbasedondigitalinformationbyaddinglayersofmaterialsoneaftertheotherratherthan,asintraditionalmanufacturing,removingmaterials—thusthelabelnadditive.n"Theresearchinthisissueshowsthatitistooearlytolabel3-Dprintingasthepathtosustainablemanufacturing/'saidReidLifset,editor-in-chiefoftheJournalofIndustrialEcologyandco-authoroftheleadeditorial.nWeneedtoknowmuchmoreaboutthematerialfootprints,energyconsumptioninproduction,processemissions,andespeciallythelinkingdevicesandadjustmentsbetweenthevariousstagesintheproductionprocess.nAdditivemanufacturingissometimesseenasinherentlyenvironmentallypreferabletotraditionalmanufacturingbecauseofitspotentialforlocalproduction—byconsumers,merchantsandhobbyists-andbecauseitisthoughttoallowzero-wastemanufacturing.Researchinthisissue,however,indicatesthattheenvironmentalperformanceisverysensitivetothepatternofusageandcompositionofthemachineryandthematerialsused.'Thisspecialissuedemonstratesthecapabilityofindustrialecologytorevealimportantandoftenoverlookedaspectsofnewtechnologies,"saidIndyBurke,DeanoftheYaleSchoolofForestry&EnvironmentalStudies.'Ifwearetorealizetheenvironmentalpotentialof3-Dprinting,weneedtoknowwherethechallengesandtheadvantageslie.”Thespecialissuecontains:lifecycleassessments(LCA)ofAMprocessesandproductsinvestigationsoftheprocessenergyconsumptionofAMtechnologiesstudiesofoperatorexposuretoprinteremissionsanddangerousmaterialsexaminationofthesustainabilitybenefitsderivedfromthecomplexfigureofpartsenabledbythetechnologyanalysisofsupply-chainissuesarisingfromtheuseofthetechnologyTheword"additive“inthepassagerefersto.AthesubstanceaddedinsmallamountsforaspecialpurposetheadditionaltechnologicalcapabilitiesofmanufacturingprocessesthedigitalwaytoproduceproductsbyaddingseriallayersofmaterialsthetraditionalwaytoproduceproductsbyremovingmaterialsThecontentslistedinthespecialissuementionedattheendofthispassagefocuson.thestudiesofadditivemanufacturingandsustainabilityadiversesetoftechnologiesofadditivemanufacturingthecomparisonbetweenadditiveandtraditionalmanufacturingtheexperimentsconductedbyJournalofIndustrialEcologyWhichofthefollowingcanbeinferredabouttheresearchers9viewpointfromthepassage?3-Dprintingisviewedasarevolutioninproduction.3-Dprintingisregardedasakindofsustainablemanufacturing.AMmakesaharmfulimpactonenvironment,energy,andhealth.ThechallengesandadvantagesofAMneedfurtherstudies.Thepassagemainlydiscusses.investigationsofthe3-Dprintingprocesstheenvironmentalimplicationsof3-Dprintingstudiesof3-Dprintingemissionsandmaterialsassessmentsofadditivemanufacturingprocesses答案：63—66CADB(四)概要写作Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.Althoughstudentshavespentconsiderabletimeandenergyinschoolinpreparationfortheworkplace,manyrecentgraduatessaythattheystrugglewiththeshiftfromclassroomtocareerworldandhavedifficultyadjustingtolifeonthejob.WriterandeditorJosephLewissuggestsonereasonwhythisisthecase.Hebelievesthatmostofourschoolexperiences—fromchildhoodthroughuniversity—arefairlypredictable,whilelifeintheworkingworldisfarmoreuncertain.Inschool,forexample,thepatternstaysmoreorlessthesamefromyeartoyear.Intheworkplace,however,constantchangeisthenorm,andonehastoadaptquickly.Anotherproblemthatgraduatesenteringtheworkforceencounteristhattheyareunpreparedtothinkanalytically.Inschool,manystudentsincludingthoseincollegespendalotoftimememorizingfactsandrepeatingwhatthey“learned''ontests.Butintheworkplaceemployees“areoftenexpectedtothinkcriticallyandmakedecisionsabouttheirwork,notjustfollowasupervisor'sinstruetions.^^Finally,manyrecentgraduatessaythatoneofthebiggestdifficultiestheyfaceisadaptingtoteamworkonthejob.Intheworkplace,employeesmustregularlyinteractwithothersandareoftendependentontheirco-workersfortheirsuccess.Knowinghowtoparticipateeffectivelyinteamwork-anddealwithproblemswhentheyarise——isextremelyimportant,andyet,itisalsosomethingmanystudentsdon'tgetquiteexposedtoinaschoolsetting.Howcanwebetterprepareyoungadultsfortheworkplace?Recentgraduates,lookingbackontheireducationalexperience,havesomeadvice.Manythinkthatallstudentsshouldberequiredtodoaninternship（实习）whiletheyareinschool.Volunteeringparttimeatacompany,hospital,orgovernmentorganization,forexample,canhelponegainexperienceandlearnskillsneededtosucceedintherealworld.Pairingthiskindofpracticalworkexperiencewithclassroominstruction,saythegraduates,willhelppreparestudentsfortherealitiesoftheworkplaceandmakethetransitionfromschooltocareerworldlessstressful.（forreference）:Universitygraduatesfindithardtoadjusttolifeinworkplace（要，点1）.Firstly,constantchangeoruncertaintyintheworkingworldisagreatobstacle（要点2）.Besides,theyarenotpreparedforcriticalthinkinganddecision-making（要点3）.Last,theyhaven'tbeenexposedtoteamworkbefore/theydon'tknowhowtocooperatewith/interactwithothers（要,点4）.Combining/Paringinternshipexperiencewithclassroominstructionmayhelpthemadapttocareerworldmoresmoothly.（要点5）（五）翻译.希望人人都能在会上各抒己见。（express）.你给贫困地区儿童捐了这么大一笔钱，又不求回报，真慷慨！（I。.尽管困难重重，他丰富的工作经验和出色的心理素质最终使他能胜任主编的这个职位，这令他欣喜若狂。（Despite,qualify）.只有当他们经历了这场激烈的比赛并险胜对手，同学们才坚信他们在经典文学中投入的时间越多，他们的收获就会越多。（Only,convince）（3分）Everyoneisexpectedto/expresshimself/expresshisorheropinion/atthemeeting.（3分）Itisgenerousofyoutodonate/suchalargesumofmoneytochildreninpoorareas/andaskfornothinginreturn.（4分）Despitemanydifficulties,/hisrichworkingexperienceandexcellest/outstandinRpsychologicalquality/finallyqualifiedhimforthepositionofchiefeditor/,whichmadahimwildwithjoy.（5分）Onlywhentheyexperiencedthefiercecompetition/andnarrowlybeat/defeatedtheopponents/rivals/weretheyfirmlyconvincedthat/themoretimetheycommitted/devotedtoclassicliterature,/themoreharvesttheywouldhave.。二词汇拓展四级词汇vt.抛弃；放弃；丢弃词义例句1.discard[di'ska:d]Readthemanufacturer'sguidelinesbeforediscardingthebox.2.discharge[dis*tja：dj]Hospitalsnowtendtodischargepatientsearlierthaninthepast.n/v准许离开；出院；退伍；排放Theresultingsaltywaterwillbedischargedatsea.3.disclose[dis'kbuz]Somecompanieshavealreadyvoluntarilydisclosedsimilarinformation.vt.公开；揭露4.discriminate[di'skrlmlnv.歧视；区别；辨别elt]Theybelievethelawdiscriminatesagainstwomen.Heisincapableofdiscriminatingbetweenagoodideaandaterribleone.5.disguise[dis'galz]Shedisguisedherselfasamansoshecouldfightonthebattlefield.vt.掩饰；假装；隐瞒You'llhavetotravelindisguise.n.伪装；假装

6.disgust[dis'gAst]Hespokeofhisdisgustattheincident.n.厌恶，嫌恶Manyparentsclaimedtobedisgustedbytheamountofviolenceinthevt.使厌恶，使反感；使恶心film.7.disrupt[dis'rApt]Climatechangecoulddisrupttheagriculturaleconomy.Vt.破坏；扰乱8.disposal[di'spouz(o)l]n.处理；支配；清理atsb'sdisposal任某人支配Onlythroughaholisticsystemoftrashdisposalcanthisproblembefullysolved.Doyouhavethisinformationatyourdisposal?9.dispose[diz]V.处理；处置；安排Theydisposeofthecity'swasteinthesea.Youhavenoideahowmuchittakestodisposebatteries.10.dispute[difspju：t;'dispju：t]v.争论，质疑n.辩论；争吵；纠纷Thefirmisinvolvedinalegaldisputewitharivalcompany.Themainfactsofthebookhaveneverbeendisputed.11.distinction[di^tlgkfon]n.区别，差别；卓越Thereareobviousdistinctionsbetweenthetwowine-makingareas.Lewisemergesasacomposerofdistinctionandsensitivity.12.distress[di*stres]n.悲痛；忧虑；危难；贫困V.使忧虑，使不安Luke'sbehaviourcausedhisparentsgreatdistress.Thedreamhaddistressedhergreatly.13.diverse[dal'v3：s]adj.不同的；各种各样的Thebuildinghousesawideanddiversevarietyofantiques.14.dock[dok]n.码头；船坞Acrowdwaswaitingatthedocktogreetthem.专题突破专题突破专题突破专题突破专题突破

专题突破十一选十考点（2017上海春考）词性考察考点分析做题技巧名词1、主要考察名词作主语和宾语2、注意名词也可作前置定语1、先判断方框单词的词性词义，注意一词多性和一词多义。2、精读第一句，掌握文章主题。3、根据语法知识确定被填入空格词的词性，缩小范围。4、根据文章理解确定答案。5、仔细检查，最终敲定答案。动词do/does形式:1、句子缺少一个谓语动词，可根据“谓语动词数=连词数+1”规则判断2、注意三单和动词及物不及物doing形式:1、可能是动名词、现在分词和进行时态2、动名词主要考察作主语、宾语3、现在分词主要考察作表语、定语、状语、宾补，注意分词短语作后置定语情况done形式:1、可能是谓语动词过去式、被动语态及过去分词2、若空格前有be动词，要根据句意判断是被动还是表状态的过去分词3、过去分词主要考察作表语、定语、状语、宾补，注意分词短语作后置定语情况，注意单个过去分词作后置定语的情况，如：left,saved,remained,gained等形容词单个形容词作前置定语，形容词短语作后置定语副词句子结构完整时用副词，位置可放句首，句中，句末Directions:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.acknowledgementB.actuallyC.commonlyD.confirmE.consciousF.crackG.eliminateH.independentI.logJ.shortcutK.unimaginativeWhyYourPasswordMayNotBeAsSafeAsItSeemsDoes4Cqaz2ws^^strikeyouasanicesafepassword?Whatabout"adgimptw"?Ananalysishasfoundthemtobeamongthepasswordsthataremost31used,whichofcoursemeanstheyarenotsecureatall.Whentenmillionpasswordswereleakedtotheinternet,theyappearedto32thatattemptsbyinternetsecurityexpertstomakeusimproveourpasswordstrengthhadbeensuccessful,even,inthespecificcaseoftheleakedpasswords,theywerealsocompletelypointless.Whilemanyofthepasswordswerestillsinglewords,suchas"password"，therewasalsoaclearattemptbymanytomakethemharderto33.Theproblemwasthatpeopleseemedtodosointhesameway.“Usersarebecomingslightlymore34ofwhatmakesapasswordstrong/9explainedWPEngine,aninternetcompanythatperformedtheanalysis."Forinstance,addinganumberortwoattheendofatextphrase.Thatmakesitbetter,right?”But35no.Theyfoundthatalmosthalfamillionpasswordsdidthis—andin20percentofthoseallpeopledidwasputthenumber"1"attheend.Perhapsthisiswhysomecompaniesarenowtryingtomovegraduallybeyondpasswords.Yahoo!isgivinguserstheoptiontoassociatetheirmobilephonewithanaccount,andhaveasingleusepasswordtextedtoiteachtimetheywantto36on.Althoughtheserviceisvoluntary,DylanCasey,anexecutiveatYahoo!,saidthatitwas“thefirststepto37passwords”.Hesaiditwasa(n)38thatitwasincreasinglyhardforpeopletorememberallthepasswordstheyhad."Idon'tthinkwe,asanindustry,havedoneagoodenoughjobofputtingourselvesintheshoesofthepeopleusingourproducts/5hesaid.Itwouldcertainlybeamoresensiblestrategythansomepeople'simprovingupon“password“byusing“wasspord”ortran5p053dnumb3r5f0r13tt3r5.“Weare,forthemostpart,predictably39whenitcomestochoosingpasswords,despiteadecadeofwarningsfrompasswordstrengthcheckersduringsign-ups",saidWPEngine,"Welovetaking

a(n)40,andsodopasswordcracker/9CDFEBIGAKJ（2018上海春考）Directions:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.EoriginallyA.addressB.fascinationC.governedD.imposingE.offensiveG.overlookingH.rebellionG.overlookingH.rebellionEoriginallyG.overlookingH.rebellionG.overlookingH.rebellionG.overlookingH.rebellionI.reminderJ.randomlyK.sweptG.overlookingH.rebellionI.reminderJ.randomlyK.sweptPalacesareknownfortheirbeautyandsplendor,buttheyofferlittleprotectionagainstattacks.Itiseasytodefendafortress,butfortressesarenotdesignedwiththecomfortofakingorqueeninmind.Whenitcomestostructuresthatareboth31andwell-fortified,theclassicEuropeancastleisthepinnacleofdesign.Acrosstheagescastleschanged,developed,andeventuallyfelloutofuse,buttheystillcommandthe32ofourculture.Castleswere33builtinEnglandbyNormaninvadersin1066.AsWilliamtheConqueror34throughEngland,hefortifiedkeypositionstosecurethelandhehadtaken.ThecastleshebuiltallowedtheNormanlordstoretreattosafetywhenthreatenedbyEnglish35.Castlesalsoservedasbasesofoperationforoffensiveattacks.Troopsweresummonedto,organizedaround,anddeployedfromcastles.Inthiswaycastlesservedboth36anddefensiverolesinmilitaryoperations.Notlimitedtomilitarypurposes,castlesalsoservedasofficesfromwhichthelordwouldadministercontroloverhisfiefdom.Thatistosay,thelordofthelandwouldholdcourtinhiscastle.Thosethatweresociallybeneaththelordwouldcometoreporttheaffairsofthelandsthatthey37andpaytributetothelord.Theywould38disputes,handlebusiness,feast,andenjoyfestivities.InthiswaycastlesservedasimportantsocialcentersinmedievalEngland.Castlesalsoservedassymbolsofpower.Builtonprominentsites39thesurroundingareas,castlesconstantlyloomedinthebackgroundofmanypeasants1livesandservedasadaily40ofthelord'sstrength.31-40:DBFKHECAGI（2018上海秋考）Directions:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.committedB.comparedC.contactD.delegationE.destructiveF.humbleG.negotiateH.respelledI.similarJ.superiorsK.witnessedSomeVery"American“WordsComefromChineseManyoftheChinesewordsthatarenowpartofEnglishwereborrowedlongago.TheyaremostoftenfromCantoneseorotherChineselanguagesratherthanMandarin.Let'sstarttolearnthem.kowtowTheEnglishwordkowtowisaverbthatmeanstoagreetooeasilytodowhatsomeoneelsewantsyoutodo,ortoobeysomeonewithpowerinawaythatseemsweak.ItcomesfromtheCantonesewordkautau,whichmeans"knockyourhead.”Itreferstotheactofkneelingandloweringone'sheadasasignofrespectto31-suchasemperors,eldersandleaders.Inthecaseofemperors,theactrequiredthepersontotouchtheii,headtotheground.Britain'sLordGeorgeMacartneyrefusedtonkautau"totheQianlongEmperor.Soonafter,theEnglishword"kowtow”wasborn.In1793,Britain*sKingGeorgeIIIsentLordGeorgeMacartneyandothertradeambassadorstoChinato32atradeagreement.TheChineseaskedthemtokowtowtotheQianlongEmperor.Asthestorygoes,LordMacartneyrefusedforhis33todomorethanbendtheirknees.Hesaidthatwasalltheywererequiredtodofortheirownking.Itisnotsurprising,then,thatMacartneyleftChinawithoutnegotiatingthetradeagreement.Afterthat,criticsusedthewordkowtowwhenanyonewastoosubmissivetoChina.Today,theusagehasnoconnectiontoChina,noranyspecificpoliticalconnection.gung-hoAnotherborrowedwordthatcameaboutthrough34betweentwonationsisgung-ho.InEnglish,thewordgung-hoisanadjectivethatmeansextremelyexcitedaboutdoingsomething.TheChinesecharactersHgongHand,!heHtogethermeannworktogether,cooperate."Theoriginalterm-gongyehezudshe—meansChineseIndustrialCooperatives.Theorganizationswereestablishedinthe1930sbyWesternersinChinatopromoteindustrialandeconomicdevelopment.Lt.ColonelEvansCarlsonoftheUnitedStatesMarineCorpsobservedthesecooperativeswhilehewasinChina.Hewasimpressed,saying"...allthesoldiers35themselvestooneideaandworkedtogethertoputthatideaover."Hethenbeganusingthetermgung-hointheMarineCorpstotrytocreatethesamespirithehad36.In1942,heusedthewordasatrainingsloganforthe2ndMarineRaiderBattalionduringWorldWarILThemenwereoftencalledthe“GungHoBattalion.HFromthen,thewordgung-hospreadasasloganthroughouttheMarineCorps.Today,itsmeaninghasnorelationtothemilitary.typhoonInEnglish,atyphoonisaverypowerfuland37stormthatoccursaroundtheChinaSeaandintheSouthPacific.ThewordhistoryoftyphoonhadafarlessdirectpathtotheEnglishlanguagethangung-ho.Andnotallhistoricalaccountsarethesame.But,accordingtotheMerriam-Webster