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高速列车

电技术的发展

DevelopmentofElectricTechnologyfor

HighSpeedTrain高速列车

电技术的发展

DevelopmentofEle1.高速铁路网的跨越式发展

催生了高速列车技术的跨越式发展

(TheLeap-forwarddevelopmentofhigh-speedrailwaylinesleadstotheleap-forwarddevelopmentofhigh-speedtraintechnologies)

高速铁路是现代文明社会的一个梦,

地球上不少地方已圆了这个梦,

中国也是的!

(High-speedrailwayisadreamofmoderncivilizedsociety,whichhascometrueinmanycountries.SohasinChina!)

1.高速铁路网的跨越式发展

催生了高速列车技术的跨越式发展

★2010年铁路运营里程9万公里以上(Operationrailwaymileagein2010reaches90,000km);★快速客运网总规模2万公里以上(Fastpassengerlineaslongas20,000km)★运行速度250Km/h以上(Runningspeedashighas250km/handup)★投资总额2万亿RMB以上:2007~2012干线网,2012~2020支线网。(Totalinvestmenttopsover2000billionRMBYuan:formainlinefrom2007to2012,forbranchlinefrom2012to2020)。

“中长期铁路网规划”

“Mid-to-longTermPlanofRailwayLine”

★2010年铁路运营里程9万公里以上(Operatio高速铁路客运网

(High-speedPassengerLine)

“四纵四横”骨架与客运专线

(-FourLongitudinalLines&FourLateralLinesandtheDedicatedPassengerLine:Framework)“四纵(FourLongitudinal)”北京—上海(1318Km)北京—武汉—深圳(2260Km)北京—哈尔滨(1700Km)杭州—福州—深圳(1600Km)

“四横(FourLateral)”:徐州—兰州(1400Km)杭州—长沙(880Km)青岛—石家庄—太原(770Km)南京—武汉—成都(1600Km)高速铁路客运网

(High-speedPassenger高速列车技术发展课件2.梦幻列车驰骋神州

(Trains,withyourdreams,runovermainlandChina)

高速铁路网主要包括(High-speedrailwaynetcomposedof):

-高品质的工务基础设施(Top-qualityengineeringfundamentalinfrastructure)-先进的动力设备和列车(Advancedpowerequipmentandtrain)-信号传输(Signaltransmission)-牵引供电系统(Tractionpowersupplysystem)-快速指挥调度管理系统(Fastdispatchandmanagementsystem)-综合服务系统(Comprehensiveservicesystem)2.梦幻列车驰骋神州

(Trains,withyour

“和谐”号(CRH)高速列车

CRHHigh-speedTrain(TrainofHarmony)

制造过程中十余个省、一百余个企业

对约145个子系统、

1.2万个零部件的和谐合作;

Harmonybetweenhuman-beings:

inharmonyisthecooperationofabouttenprovincesandonehundredcompanieson145sub-systemsand12000componentsduringtheproduction;

运营过程中服务质量与乘客文明素质的和谐。

inharmonyistheservicequalityandpassengerqualityduringoperation.

“和谐”号(CRH)高速列车

CRHHigh-speed

人与自然的和谐:

节能、环保

(Harmonybetweenhuman-beingandnature:

energy-saving,environmentalfriendly)人与自然的和谐:

2022年12月16日92022年12月14日93.上下求索之路

(RoadtoPursuetheTruthintheWorld

)增强自主创新能力,掌握核心技术;(Enhancingtheindependentinnovativecapability,mastercoretechnologies。)把原始创新、集成创新、引进消化吸收再创新相结合,螺旋式前进。

(Combiningoriginalinnovation、integratedinnovationaswellasre-innovationbasedonintroductionandabsorption,forspiralimprovement,spiralingforward。)3.上下求索之路

(RoadtoPursuethe

3.1自主开发(Self-development)3.1自主开发(Self-development)高速列车技术发展课件高速列车技术发展课件3.2吸收再创新

(AbsorptionandRe-innovation)“引进先进技术、联合设计制造、打造中国品牌”,借鉴并吸收世界先进文明成果,掌握高速列车的关键技术。通过再创新,建立了“和谐号”产品系列和技术体系。(“Introductionoftoptechnologies,jointdesignandproduction,buildingofChinesebrand”.Tograspthecritictechnologiesofhigh-speedtraininthelightofandviaabsorptionofadvancedworldcivilizationachievements.Throughre-innovation,theCRHtrainsystemsandtechnologysystemshavebeenbuilt.)3.2吸收再创新

(AbsorptionandRe-i高速列车技术发展课件高速列车技术发展课件高速列车技术

(HighSpeedTrainTechnology

★优异动力学性能(Outsta-ndingDynamicsPerformans)

★车体气密性技术(CarBodyAir-tightnessTechnology)

★交流传动技术(ACDriveTechnology

★网络控制技术

(TrainNetControlTechnology)★高速受流技术(High-speedCurrentCollectionTechnology)★

复合制动技术(CompoundBrakeTechnology)★

智能诊断技术(IntelligentDiagnosisTechnology)★

完备检修技术

(CompleteOverhaulTechnology)高速列车技术

(HighSpeedTrainTech交流传动(ACDriveTechnology

)高速列车要达到高速运行,必须具有大功率的牵引系统,速度在300km/h以上的高速列车牵引功率需在10MW左右。大功率“交-直-交”变流技术是现代高速列车电力牵引的核心。

(Inordertorealizehigh-speedrunning,thetrainmusthavehighpowerdrivesystem,whosedrivepowerwillbeabout10MWwhenthespeedisover300km/h。Highpower“AC-DC-AC”convertertechnologyisthecoreofmodernhigh-speedtrainelectrictraction。)交流传动(ACDriveTechnology)高速列车交流传动系统集成

(TractionDriveSystemIntegration)powersemiconductordevicestractionconvertersensorassistantpowersupplyequipment

trainrunningsupervisoryequipmenttraincontrolsystem交流传动系统集成

(TractionDriveSyste3.3电力电子技术的快速发展

(RapidDevelopmentofPowerElectronicsTechnology)不控和半控器件→电流全控器件→电压全控器件→功率集成器件;(uncontrolledandhalf-controlleddevice→currentfull-controlleddevice→voltagefull-controlleddevice→integratedpowerdevice;)器件体积减少了3~4个数量级;(Devicevolumedecreasesbythreetofourordersofmagnitude;)大功率器件的开关时间从毫秒级降到了微秒级;小功率的甚至降到纳秒级;(Timeswitchofhighpowerdevicereducesfrommillisecondtomicrosecond,whichoflowpowerdeviceevendecreasestonanosecond;)工作频率从50Hz增加到兆赫级;(Powerfrequencyincreasesfrom50Hztomegahertz;)变流器的功率水平从几伏安提高到几百兆伏安,电压从伏级提高到几千伏级。(Powerlevelofconverterincreasesfromseveralvoltamperetoseveralhundredmegawattsvoltampere,voltageincreasesfromvolttoseveralkilo-volt。)3.3电力电子技术的快速发展

(RapidDevelop牵引变流器关键技术

(KeyTechnologyofTractionConverter)基础研究成果(FundamentResearchAchievement)高压IGBT技术研究(IGBTHigh-VoltageTechnologyResearch)IGBT与FRD芯片结构研究(ResearchonarchitectureofIGBTchipandFRDchip)IGBT芯片结构与电特性关系研究(RelationshipbetweenstructureandelectricalcharacteristicofIGBTchip)IGBT模块可靠性技术研究(IGBTmodulereliabilitytechnologyresearch)IGBT相模块(IGBT

phasemodule)IGBT器件IGBTdevice牵引变流器冷却技术研究(TractionConverterCoolingTechnologyResearch)各种冷却技术的研究(Researchonvariouscoolingtechnologies)牵引变流器热设计仿真(Tractionconverterthermaldesighsimuation)稳态/瞬态下散热和冷却研究(Researchonradiationandcoolingundersteady-stateandtransientstate)牵引变流器关键技术

(KeyTechnologyofT常用电压型变流器

(VoltageSourceConverterinCommonUse)常用电压型变流器

(VoltageSourceConve三电平变流器(Three-levelConverter)三电平变流器(Three-levelConverter)牵引变流器(TractionConverter)

一台牵引变流器为4台牵引电机电源的控制设备,由脉冲整流器、直流平滑电路、逆变器、真空交流接触器等主电路设备和无触点控制装置、控制电源等控制电路设备构成。Atractionconverterprovidescontrolforfourtractionmotorpowersupply,whichiscomposedofmaincircuitequipments(suchaspulserectifier、DCsmoothingcircuit、inverter、acvacuumcontactorandsoon)andcontrolcircuitequipments(suchas

non-contactcontroldevice、controlpowersupplyandsoon).tractionconverteremptycabinetcabinetoverhaulcabinetwelding牵引变流器(TractionConverter)一高速列车技术发展课件信息技术的快速发展

(RapidDevelopmentofInformationTechnology)模拟装置→数模混合装置→数字装置→单片机→DSP(analogdevice→analog/digital→mixed-device→digitaldevice→MCU→DSP)DSP从10位→64位,主频从20MHz提高到1GHz以上,运算速度增加使MAC(1次乘法和1次加法)时间从400ns降低到10ns;

(DSP:10-Bit→64-Bit,clockfrequencyimprovedfrom20MHzto1GHz。TheincreaseofcalculationspeeddecreasesMAC(onemultiplicationandoneaddition)timefrom400nsto10ns。)可编程逻辑芯片从十几门逻辑提高到百万门逻辑;(ProgrammableLogicchipincreasesfromdozensofgatelogictomillionsofgatelogic。)不断提高的DSP的处理速度和容量及推广应用

(constantlyincreasedDSPprocessingspeedandcapacityaswellasitsapplication)新的控制硬件与控制策略(newcontrolhardwareandcontrolstrategy)信息技术的快速发展

(RapidDevelopmento转子磁场定向控制

(RotorField-orientedControl)rotatingspeedadjustortorquecurrentadjustorfluxgeneratorfieldcurrentadjustorrotorfluxobserver

转子磁场定向控制

(RotorField-oriented直接转矩控制

(DirectTorqueControl)直接转矩控制

(DirectTorqueControl)四象限脉冲整流器控制

(4-QuardantPulseRectifierControl)轻载牵引或制动工况下功率因数控制技术研究(studyofpowerfactorcontrolunderlowloadtractionorbrakingconditions

)无电网电压传感器的四象限控制策略研究(researchon4-Quardantcontrolstrategywithoutvoltagesensors)级连式多电平高压大功率牵引变流器四象限控制系统研究(researchon4-Quardantcontrolsystemofcascademultilevelhighvoltagelargepowertractionconverter)四象限脉冲整流器控制

(4-QuardantPulse粘着与蠕滑率控制

(AdhesionandSlipControl)轮轨粘着特性的实时检测和判定(real-timedetectionandestimationofwheel/railadhesioncharacteristics)蠕滑检测(slipmeasurement)传动系统非线性对粘着控制性能影响(influenceofdrivesystemnonlinearityonadhesioncontrolperformance)drivewheeldirectionofmotiontractionpowerroadsurfacedryroadsurfacemoistroadsurfacecreepagevelocity粘着与蠕滑率控制

(AdhesionandSlipC列车网络控制系统结构

(TrainNetworkControlSystemStructure)drivercontrolandpanelswitchfirealarmtraininstruction列车网络控制系统结构

(TrainNetworkCont分布式列车控制系统

(DistributeTrainControlSystem)分布式列车控制系统

(DistributeTrainC基础软件(FoundationalSoftware)应用软件(applicationsoftware)网络控制系统软件

(NetworkControlSystemSoftware)软件质量管理(SoftwareQualityManagement)运营维护软件(operatingmaintenancesoftware)功能验证和仿真软件(Functionverificationandsimulationsoftware)控制软件(controlsoftware)运营维护软件接口

(operatingmaintenancesoftwareinterface)控制软件接口

(controlsoftwareinterface)网络协议栈(networkprotocolstack)板级支持包(boardsupportpackage)实时操作系统(realtimeoperatingsystem

)工具软件(utilitysoftware)基础软件(FoundationalSoftware)应用牵引传动系统建模与仿真

TractionDriveSystemModelandSimulationdSPACE牵引变压器Tractiontransformer整流器中间回路RectifierDC-link逆变器电机Invertermotor控制计算机Controlcomputer接口单元Interfaceunit牵引传动系统建模与仿真

TractionDriveSys生产线1

ProductionLine1生产线1

ProductionLine1生产线2

ProductionLine2

生产线2

ProductionLine24.路漫漫

(RoadtoInfinity

)新材料、新工艺、新技术,促使包括高速度列车在内的轨道运输装备更节能、环保、人性化,从部件到整体的技术正经历新的变化。(Newmaterials,newprocessesandnewtechnologiesmaketherailequipmentincludinghighspeedtrainstobemoreenergysaving,environment-friendlyandhumanoriented.Thetechnology,fromcomponenttosystem,islivingthroughnewchanges.)4.路漫漫

(RoadtoInfinity)新材料、4.1新型变流器(NovelConverter)简化电路,减少有源或无源器件

(simplifiedcircuit,reducingactiveorpassivedevice)降耗节能

(lossreducingandenergysaving)4.1新型变流器(NovelConverter)简化电路矩阵变流器

MatrixConverter矩阵变流器

MatrixConverter9开关交-交变流器

Nine-SwitchAC-ACConverter9开关交-交变流器

Nine-SwitchAC-ACCo双电平交-直-交阻抗源变流器

Two-LeverAC-DC-ACZ-SourceConverter双电平交-直-交阻抗源变流器

Two-LeverAC-DC三电平交-直-交阻抗源变流器

Three-LeverAC-DC-ACZ-SourceConverter三电平交-直-交阻抗源变流器

Three-LeverAC-软开关变流器

(soft-switchpowerconverter)

软开关条件:一方面是重复地使器件上的电压为零、或强迫流过器件的电流为零,并随即保持一个足够长的时间以完成换流;另一方面,器件必须在零电压或零电流期间,尽快完成换流过程。

(Soft-switchconditions:oneside,repeatedlybringingdevicevoltagetozero、orforcingcurrentthroughdevicetobezero,andholdingenoughtimetofinishcurrentconvert;ontheotherhand,devicemustfinishcurrentconvertduringthecourseofzerovoltageorzerocurrent。)目前有两类电路可以满足前一方面的要求:谐振直流环节和谐振吸收回路。

(Nowtherearetwotypesofcircuitwhichcansatisfytheformerrequest:resonantDC-Linkandresonanceabsorptioncircuit。)软开关变流器

(soft-switchpowerconv准谐振电路

(QRDCLcircuit)准谐振电路

(QRDCLcircuit)谐振吸收电路

(resonanceabsorptioncircuit)谐振吸收电路

(resonanceabsorption4.2新控制策略

NovelControlStrategies

4.2新控制策略

NovelControlStrat间接式定子量控制

IndirectStator-QuantitiesControl间接式定子量控制

IndirectStator-Quant复合式智能控制

CombinedIntelligentControl

Example:fuzzysliding-modecontrolusingadaptivetuningtechnique

复合式智能控制

CombinedIntelligentCExample:slidingmodeneuro-adaptivecontrolExample:slidingmodeneuro-ad4.3牵引变压器的革命

(RevolutionofTractionTransformer)A)超导变压器(SuperconductingTransformer)采用超导导线代替铜导线,使超导变压器具有小型轻量、低耗高效的特点。

(Replacingcopperwirewithsuperconductingwiremakessuperconductingtransformerbecomeminiaturizationandlightweight、lowconsumptionandhigherefficiency。)

由液态氮冷却的铋系列化合物(如Bi2223、Bi2212)高温超导材料开始应用于制造电气设备和电缆。(Bismuthcompoundhightemperaturesuperconductingmaterials(suchasBi2223、Bi2212)cooledwithliquidnitrogenhavebeenappliedtomanufactureelectricequipmentandcable。4.3牵引变压器的革命

(Revolutionof高速列车技术发展课件B)电子变压器(ElectricalTransformer)级联变流器和中频耦合变压器的供电电路。(Powersupplyelectriccircuitofcascadedconverterandintermediatefrequencycouplingtransformer。)功率1MVA的400Hz(变比1∶1)中频变压器的重量为450kg,短路电抗为18.9%,效率达96.2%。(Weightof400Hzintermediatefrequencytransformerwith1MVApower(transformation

ratio1:1)is450kg,whoseshort-circuitreactanceis18.9%andefficiencyis96.2%。)

B)电子变压器(ElectricalTransformtransformertraditionalsinglephaseAClocomotive4-QuardantconvertertractionmotorDC-linkcircuitandsnubbercircuitelectricaltransformerfront-endreactorintermediatefrequencytransformersecondarysideconverterinverterfrequencyconvertertransformertraditionalsingle4.4无齿轮的直接传动

(GearlessDirectDrive)电动机直接套在轮轴上,电机产生的转矩不经齿轮而是直接传递到轮对上去,可节省空间和费用。

(motordirectlysurroundswheelaxleandtorqueproducedbymotordirectlytransferstowheelpairwithoutthroughgear,whichefficientlysavesspaceandexpense。)直接传动特别适合永磁同步牵引电动机传动。

(Directdriveespeciallyapplystopermanentmagnetsynchronousmotor

drive。)4.4无齿轮的直接传动

(GearlessDirect高速列车技术发展课件4.5永磁同步牵引传动系统

(PermanentMagnetSynchronousTractionDriveSystem)高效(highefficiency)高功率密度(highpowerdensity)可控性(controllability)减少空间尺寸(reducespacesize)无齿轮直接传动(gearlessdirectdrive)4.5永磁同步牵引传动系统

(PermanentMagAGVPMmotorforAGVItaly’sNTV,hasplacedfirmordersworth€650million(US$953million)for25trains(withoptionsfor10more),andhassignedamaintenancecontractwithAlstom.Productionofthefirsttrainswillbegininmid-2008,andtheywillbedeliveredfrom2010onwards.

AGVPMmotorforAGVItaly’sNTVMaximumrpm4500Tractionpower(kW)720Brakingpower(kW)720Continuouspower(kW)720Electricnetwork(V)DC3000Polarity12Efficiency(RC)97%Framesize(mm)650Framelength(mm)650diameterTotalweight(kg)730SpecificationsofthePMmotorsforAGVMaximumrpm4500Tractionpower(BOMBARDIER

MitracPermanentMagnetMotorBOMBARDIERMitracPermanentMaZEFIRO(Bombardier)

BombardierTransportationannounced(28Sept.2009)thatitsChinesejointventure,BombardierSifang(Qingdao)TransportationLtd.,hasbeenselectedbytheChineseMinistryofRailways(MOR)tosupply80ZEFIRO380veryhighspeedtrains(1,120cars)forthecountry’srapidlygrowinghighspeedrailnetwork.ECO4TechnologiescancreateEnergySavingsofupto50%ECO4-asuiteofenergy-savingtechnologiesbaseonthefourcomerstonesof:EnergyEfficiencyEcologyEconomyZEFIRO(Bombardier)BombardE954/E955Shinkansen(TOSHIBA)

PMmotorforE954Ratedpower350kWcoolingSelfventilationEfficiency96.8%FramesizeThesameastheinductionmotorofE2/E3Weight440kgSpecificationsofthePMmotorsforE954FortheE954/E955type,permanentmagnetsynchronousmotordrivesystemthatachieveshighoutput,lightweight,lownoise,andhighefficiency.E954/E955Shinkansen(TOSHIBA)HEMU-400X

(korea)

TheNext-GenerationHigh-speedRailTechnologyDevelopmentProjectseektodevelopcoretechnologiesnecessaryforEMU-typehigh-speed(maximumof400km/h)railsystembasedonthesuccessfuldevelopmentoftheKoreanhigh-spedtrain:HSR-350X.The30keycomponentssuchaspermanentmagnetelectricmotorswith400Km/hofmaximumvelocity……

HEMU-400X

(korea)TheNext演讲完毕,谢谢观看!演讲完毕,谢谢观看!高速列车

电技术的发展

DevelopmentofElectricTechnologyfor

HighSpeedTrain高速列车

电技术的发展

DevelopmentofEle1.高速铁路网的跨越式发展

催生了高速列车技术的跨越式发展

(TheLeap-forwarddevelopmentofhigh-speedrailwaylinesleadstotheleap-forwarddevelopmentofhigh-speedtraintechnologies)

高速铁路是现代文明社会的一个梦,

地球上不少地方已圆了这个梦,

中国也是的!

(High-speedrailwayisadreamofmoderncivilizedsociety,whichhascometrueinmanycountries.SohasinChina!)

1.高速铁路网的跨越式发展

催生了高速列车技术的跨越式发展

★2010年铁路运营里程9万公里以上(Operationrailwaymileagein2010reaches90,000km);★快速客运网总规模2万公里以上(Fastpassengerlineaslongas20,000km)★运行速度250Km/h以上(Runningspeedashighas250km/handup)★投资总额2万亿RMB以上:2007~2012干线网,2012~2020支线网。(Totalinvestmenttopsover2000billionRMBYuan:formainlinefrom2007to2012,forbranchlinefrom2012to2020)。

“中长期铁路网规划”

“Mid-to-longTermPlanofRailwayLine”

★2010年铁路运营里程9万公里以上(Operatio高速铁路客运网

(High-speedPassengerLine)

“四纵四横”骨架与客运专线

(-FourLongitudinalLines&FourLateralLinesandtheDedicatedPassengerLine:Framework)“四纵(FourLongitudinal)”北京—上海(1318Km)北京—武汉—深圳(2260Km)北京—哈尔滨(1700Km)杭州—福州—深圳(1600Km)

“四横(FourLateral)”:徐州—兰州(1400Km)杭州—长沙(880Km)青岛—石家庄—太原(770Km)南京—武汉—成都(1600Km)高速铁路客运网

(High-speedPassenger高速列车技术发展课件2.梦幻列车驰骋神州

(Trains,withyourdreams,runovermainlandChina)

高速铁路网主要包括(High-speedrailwaynetcomposedof):

-高品质的工务基础设施(Top-qualityengineeringfundamentalinfrastructure)-先进的动力设备和列车(Advancedpowerequipmentandtrain)-信号传输(Signaltransmission)-牵引供电系统(Tractionpowersupplysystem)-快速指挥调度管理系统(Fastdispatchandmanagementsystem)-综合服务系统(Comprehensiveservicesystem)2.梦幻列车驰骋神州

(Trains,withyour

“和谐”号(CRH)高速列车

CRHHigh-speedTrain(TrainofHarmony)

制造过程中十余个省、一百余个企业

对约145个子系统、

1.2万个零部件的和谐合作;

Harmonybetweenhuman-beings:

inharmonyisthecooperationofabouttenprovincesandonehundredcompanieson145sub-systemsand12000componentsduringtheproduction;

运营过程中服务质量与乘客文明素质的和谐。

inharmonyistheservicequalityandpassengerqualityduringoperation.

“和谐”号(CRH)高速列车

CRHHigh-speed

人与自然的和谐:

节能、环保

(Harmonybetweenhuman-beingandnature:

energy-saving,environmentalfriendly)人与自然的和谐:

2022年12月16日722022年12月14日93.上下求索之路

(RoadtoPursuetheTruthintheWorld

)增强自主创新能力,掌握核心技术;(Enhancingtheindependentinnovativecapability,mastercoretechnologies。)把原始创新、集成创新、引进消化吸收再创新相结合,螺旋式前进。

(Combiningoriginalinnovation、integratedinnovationaswellasre-innovationbasedonintroductionandabsorption,forspiralimprovement,spiralingforward。)3.上下求索之路

(RoadtoPursuethe

3.1自主开发(Self-development)3.1自主开发(Self-development)高速列车技术发展课件高速列车技术发展课件3.2吸收再创新

(AbsorptionandRe-innovation)“引进先进技术、联合设计制造、打造中国品牌”,借鉴并吸收世界先进文明成果,掌握高速列车的关键技术。通过再创新,建立了“和谐号”产品系列和技术体系。(“Introductionoftoptechnologies,jointdesignandproduction,buildingofChinesebrand”.Tograspthecritictechnologiesofhigh-speedtraininthelightofandviaabsorptionofadvancedworldcivilizationachievements.Throughre-innovation,theCRHtrainsystemsandtechnologysystemshavebeenbuilt.)3.2吸收再创新

(AbsorptionandRe-i高速列车技术发展课件高速列车技术发展课件高速列车技术

(HighSpeedTrainTechnology

★优异动力学性能(Outsta-ndingDynamicsPerformans)

★车体气密性技术(CarBodyAir-tightnessTechnology)

★交流传动技术(ACDriveTechnology

★网络控制技术

(TrainNetControlTechnology)★高速受流技术(High-speedCurrentCollectionTechnology)★

复合制动技术(CompoundBrakeTechnology)★

智能诊断技术(IntelligentDiagnosisTechnology)★

完备检修技术

(CompleteOverhaulTechnology)高速列车技术

(HighSpeedTrainTech交流传动(ACDriveTechnology

)高速列车要达到高速运行,必须具有大功率的牵引系统,速度在300km/h以上的高速列车牵引功率需在10MW左右。大功率“交-直-交”变流技术是现代高速列车电力牵引的核心。

(Inordertorealizehigh-speedrunning,thetrainmusthavehighpowerdrivesystem,whosedrivepowerwillbeabout10MWwhenthespeedisover300km/h。Highpower“AC-DC-AC”convertertechnologyisthecoreofmodernhigh-speedtrainelectrictraction。)交流传动(ACDriveTechnology)高速列车交流传动系统集成

(TractionDriveSystemIntegration)powersemiconductordevicestractionconvertersensorassistantpowersupplyequipment

trainrunningsupervisoryequipmenttraincontrolsystem交流传动系统集成

(TractionDriveSyste3.3电力电子技术的快速发展

(RapidDevelopmentofPowerElectronicsTechnology)不控和半控器件→电流全控器件→电压全控器件→功率集成器件;(uncontrolledandhalf-controlleddevice→currentfull-controlleddevice→voltagefull-controlleddevice→integratedpowerdevice;)器件体积减少了3~4个数量级;(Devicevolumedecreasesbythreetofourordersofmagnitude;)大功率器件的开关时间从毫秒级降到了微秒级;小功率的甚至降到纳秒级;(Timeswitchofhighpowerdevicereducesfrommillisecondtomicrosecond,whichoflowpowerdeviceevendecreasestonanosecond;)工作频率从50Hz增加到兆赫级;(Powerfrequencyincreasesfrom50Hztomegahertz;)变流器的功率水平从几伏安提高到几百兆伏安,电压从伏级提高到几千伏级。(Powerlevelofconverterincreasesfromseveralvoltamperetoseveralhundredmegawattsvoltampere,voltageincreasesfromvolttoseveralkilo-volt。)3.3电力电子技术的快速发展

(RapidDevelop牵引变流器关键技术

(KeyTechnologyofTractionConverter)基础研究成果(FundamentResearchAchievement)高压IGBT技术研究(IGBTHigh-VoltageTechnologyResearch)IGBT与FRD芯片结构研究(ResearchonarchitectureofIGBTchipandFRDchip)IGBT芯片结构与电特性关系研究(RelationshipbetweenstructureandelectricalcharacteristicofIGBTchip)IGBT模块可靠性技术研究(IGBTmodulereliabilitytechnologyresearch)IGBT相模块(IGBT

phasemodule)IGBT器件IGBTdevice牵引变流器冷却技术研究(TractionConverterCoolingTechnologyResearch)各种冷却技术的研究(Researchonvariouscoolingtechnologies)牵引变流器热设计仿真(Tractionconverterthermaldesighsimuation)稳态/瞬态下散热和冷却研究(Researchonradiationandcoolingundersteady-stateandtransientstate)牵引变流器关键技术

(KeyTechnologyofT常用电压型变流器

(VoltageSourceConverterinCommonUse)常用电压型变流器

(VoltageSourceConve三电平变流器(Three-levelConverter)三电平变流器(Three-levelConverter)牵引变流器(TractionConverter)

一台牵引变流器为4台牵引电机电源的控制设备,由脉冲整流器、直流平滑电路、逆变器、真空交流接触器等主电路设备和无触点控制装置、控制电源等控制电路设备构成。Atractionconverterprovidescontrolforfourtractionmotorpowersupply,whichiscomposedofmaincircuitequipments(suchaspulserectifier、DCsmoothingcircuit、inverter、acvacuumcontactorandsoon)andcontrolcircuitequipments(suchas

non-contactcontroldevice、controlpowersupplyandsoon).tractionconverteremptycabinetcabinetoverhaulcabinetwelding牵引变流器(TractionConverter)一高速列车技术发展课件信息技术的快速发展

(RapidDevelopmentofInformationTechnology)模拟装置→数模混合装置→数字装置→单片机→DSP(analogdevice→analog/digital→mixed-device→digitaldevice→MCU→DSP)DSP从10位→64位,主频从20MHz提高到1GHz以上,运算速度增加使MAC(1次乘法和1次加法)时间从400ns降低到10ns;

(DSP:10-Bit→64-Bit,clockfrequencyimprovedfrom20MHzto1GHz。TheincreaseofcalculationspeeddecreasesMAC(onemultiplicationandoneaddition)timefrom400nsto10ns。)可编程逻辑芯片从十几门逻辑提高到百万门逻辑;(ProgrammableLogicchipincreasesfromdozensofgatelogictomillionsofgatelogic。)不断提高的DSP的处理速度和容量及推广应用

(constantlyincreasedDSPprocessingspeedandcapacityaswellasitsapplication)新的控制硬件与控制策略(newcontrolhardwareandcontrolstrategy)信息技术的快速发展

(RapidDevelopmento转子磁场定向控制

(RotorField-orientedControl)rotatingspeedadjustortorquecurrentadjustorfluxgeneratorfieldcurrentadjustorrotorfluxobserver

转子磁场定向控制

(RotorField-oriented直接转矩控制

(DirectTorqueControl)直接转矩控制

(DirectTorqueControl)四象限脉冲整流器控制

(4-QuardantPulseRectifierControl)轻载牵引或制动工况下功率因数控制技术研究(studyofpowerfactorcontrolunderlowloadtractionorbrakingconditions

)无电网电压传感器的四象限控制策略研究(researchon4-Quardantcontrolstrategywithoutvoltagesensors)级连式多电平高压大功率牵引变流器四象限控制系统研究(researchon4-Quardantcontrolsystemofcascademultilevelhighvoltagelargepowertractionconverter)四象限脉冲整流器控制

(4-QuardantPulse粘着与蠕滑率控制

(AdhesionandSlipControl)轮轨粘着特性的实时检测和判定(real-timedetectionandestimationofwheel/railadhesioncharacteristics)蠕滑检测(slipmeasurement)传动系统非线性对粘着控制性能影响(influenceofdrivesystemnonlinearityonadhesioncontrolperformance)drivewheeldirectionofmotiontractionpowerroadsurfacedryroadsurfacemoistroadsurfacecreepagevelocity粘着与蠕滑率控制

(AdhesionandSlipC列车网络控制系统结构

(TrainNetworkControlSystemStructure)drivercontrolandpanelswitchfirealarmtraininstruction列车网络控制系统结构

(TrainNetworkCont分布式列车控制系统

(DistributeTrainControlSystem)分布式列车控制系统

(DistributeTrainC基础软件(FoundationalSoftware)应用软件(applicationsoftware)网络控制系统软件

(NetworkControlSystemSoftware)软件质量管理(SoftwareQualityManagement)运营维护软件(operatingmaintenancesoftware)功能验证和仿真软件(Functionverificationandsimulationsoftware)控制软件(controlsoftware)运营维护软件接口

(operatingmaintenancesoftwareinterface)控制软件接口

(controlsoftwareinterface)网络协议栈(networkprotocolstack)板级支持包(boardsupportpackage)实时操作系统(realtimeoperatingsystem

)工具软件(utilitysoftware)基础软件(FoundationalSoftware)应用牵引传动系统建模与仿真

TractionDriveSystemModelandSimulationdSPACE牵引变压器Tractiontransformer整流器中间回路RectifierDC-link逆变器电机Invertermotor控制计算机Controlcomputer接口单元Interfaceunit牵引传动系统建模与仿真

TractionDriveSys生产线1

ProductionLine1生产线1

ProductionLine1生产线2

ProductionLine2

生产线2

ProductionLine24.路漫漫

(RoadtoInfinity

)新材料、新工艺、新技术,促使包括高速度列车在内的轨道运输装备更节能、环保、人性化,从部件到整体的技术正经历新的变化。(Newmaterials,newprocessesandnewtechnologiesmaketherailequipmentincludinghighspeedtrainstobemoreenergysaving,environment-friendlyandhumanoriented.Thetechnology,fromcomponenttosystem,islivingthroughnewchanges.)4.路漫漫

(RoadtoInfinity)新材料、4.1新型变流器(NovelConverter)简化电路,减少有源或无源器件

(simplifiedcircuit,reducingactiveorpassivedevice)降耗节能

(lossreducingandenergysaving)4.1新型变流器(NovelConverter)简化电路矩阵变流器

MatrixConverter矩阵变流器

MatrixConverter9开关交-交变流器

Nine-SwitchAC-ACConverter9开关交-交变流器

Nine-SwitchAC-ACCo双电平交-直-交阻抗源变流器

Two-LeverAC-DC-ACZ-SourceConverter双电平交-直-交阻抗源变流器

Two-LeverAC-DC三电平交-直-交阻抗源变流器

Three-LeverAC-DC-ACZ-SourceConverter三电平交-直-交阻抗源变流器

Three-LeverAC-软开关变流器

(soft-switchpowerconverter)

软开关条件:一方面是重复地使器件上的电压为零、或强迫流过器件的电流为零,并随即保持一个足够长的时间以完成换流;另一方面,器件必须在零电压或零电流期间,尽快完成换流过程。

(Soft-switchconditions:oneside,repeatedlybringingdevicevoltagetozero、orforcingcurrentthroughdevicetobezero,andholdingenoughtimetofinishcurrentconvert;ontheotherhand,devicemustfinishcurrentconvertduringthecourseofzerovoltageorzerocurrent。)目前有两类电路可以满足前一方面的要求:谐振直流环节和谐振吸收回路。

(Nowtherearetwotypesofcircuitwhichcansatisfytheformerrequest:resonantDC-Linkandresonanceabsorptioncircuit。)软开关变流器

(soft-switchpowerconv准谐振电路

(QRDCLcircuit)准谐振电路

(QRDCLcircuit)谐振吸收电路

(resonanceabsorptioncircuit)谐振吸收电路

(resonanceabsorption4.2新控制策略

No

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