冀教版八年级英语知识点

冀教版八年级英语知识点冀教版八年级英语知识点冀教版八年级英语知识点xxx公司冀教版八年级英语知识点文件编号：文件日期：修订次数：第1.0次更改批准审核制定方案设计，管理制度lesson11.What'stheweatherliketoday?这句是用来询问天气的一个常用句子，还可以说成：Howistheweather?2.Itwillbesnowyandhottoday.snowy是形容词，意思是有雪的，雪大的。它是由名词snow+y构成，类似的词还有：cloudy;rainy;sunny;windy;icy;foggy;thirsty;dirdy;healthy;3.What'sthetemperature?问温度是多少时，不用howmany\much，要用what4.Ihopenot.它的肯定形式为Ihopeso.类似的表达法有：I'mafraidso.\I'mafraidnot.Ithinkso\Idon'tthinkso.5.I'mscaredofthunder.bescaredofsb.\sth.害怕某人或某物。这里scared是过去分词，作形容词。如：I'mscaredofwildanimals.scare还可以作动词。如：Youscaredme.lesson21.What'sthedatetoday?It'sMarchtwenty-first.What'sthedate是用来询问日期的一个常用句子，也可以说成：Whatistoday'sdate

如果询问星期要用Whatdayistoday\Whatdayisittoday

2.Inspring,theweatherbecomeswarmer.become是系动词，与get一样，常接形容词作表语；与get不同的是它还可以接名词作表语，表示身份的变化。应为：成为。如：Thedaysarebecoming\gettinglongerinsummer.Hebecamealawyerin1998.3.Thetemperaturegoesup!goup意思是上升，与rise同义，与godown或set相反。如：thesungoesup\risesintheeastandgoesdown\setsinthewest.4.Thundermakesaloudnoise.makeanoise意思是发出声响，吵闹。如：Thebabyissleeping.Don'tmakeanoise.Youshouldn'tmakeanoiseinclass.lesson31.SpringhasarrivedinShijiazhuang.arrive是不及物动词，意思是到达。arrivein+大地点（国家、地区、城市）arriveat+小地点（学校、商店、车站、邮局等类似地点），地点为副词时in\at要省去。如：HearrivedinParis.Thetrainarrivedatthestation.Theyarrivedhomeearly.reach表示到达时，是及物动词，直接与到达的地点(n)连用。如：HereachedParis.Thetrainreachedthestation.getto表示到达时，后跟副词表示的地点时to要省去，如：Hegetsthereontime.2.EverymorningIseemanypeopleintheparkexercising.seesb.doingsth.表示看见某人在做某事，如：Canyouseethemplayingfootballoverthere?seesb.dosth.表示看见某人做过某事，如：Ioftenseehimplayfootballontheplayground.这样的词还有：hear;watch;notice等。3.Thesunwillsetinaboutfifteenminutes.in是介词，表示在...以后，用于将来时，后面跟表示一段时间的名词。此时，不能用after替换in.如：Hewillbebackintwodays.Theywillfinishtheworkintenmonths.4.Wewon'tseeanyflowersuntilMay.not...until...意思是直到...才...。until可以作介词或连词。如：Theydidn'tleaveuntiltheyfinishedthework.Hewon'tgotobeduntil11o'clock.5.Nextmonth,maybewewillplayinourshortsandT－shirts!in表示穿着，它可以跟表示衣服或衣服颜色的名词，意思是穿着...颜色的衣服。如：Thegirlinthehatismysister.Theyareplayinginnewclothes.Ourteacherisinareddresstoday.Allofthemareinblack.lesson41.Weatheriswarming,...这里warm是动词，意思是变暖，它也可用作形容词，如：It'swarminspring.It'sgettingwarmerdaybyday.2.onebyone一个接一个地如Youcanplanttheseedsonebyone.类似的词语还有：yearbyyear;daybyday.3.Seeitbringtheseason'schange.seesb.\sth.dosth.看到某人或某事物做过某事，change这里是名词，它也可以做动词，如：Hechangedhisclothes.lesson51.Let'sgocycling.gocycling=gotorideabike去骑车。如：HeoftengoescyclingonSunday.let'sdosth.表示让某人做某事let'snotdosth.让某人不要做某事，如：Let'shavearest.Let'snotgothere.2.Howaboutbaseball,then?how\whatabout+n\pron\doingsth.如：Ilikespring.Howaboutyou?WhataboutacupofcoffeeHowaboutopeningthewindow

3.Theballalwayshitsmeonthehead.hitsb.onthe+身体部位，表示打在某人的某个部位，如：Hehitmeonthehead.Hewassoangrythathehitmaryintheface.4.ShallweplaysoccerShallwe\I...表示征求对方意见，可以...吗；...好吗。如：ShallwegoswimmingShallIsitherelesson61.DannyisbabysittinghiscousinDebieattheplayground.babysitting是双写t+ing而来的，这样的词还有：swimming;running;beginning;getting;putting等；attheplayground也可以说成in\ontheplayground.2.Holdon,Debbie!holdon可以表示稍等，别挂断；抓紧，如：Holdonaminute.Heheldontotherope.3.Dannywillpushyou.push这里是动词，意思是推，它也可以用作名词.pushsb.=givesb.apush.4.It'stimetostopswinging,debbie.stopdoingsth.停止做某事；stoptodosth.停下来做某事；如：Theystoppedtosmokeacigarette.Imuststopsmoking.Whenhesawhisteacheronthestreet,hestoppedtotalktoher.Allthestudentsstoppedtalkingwhentheteachercamein.5.Debbedgetsofftheswing.getoff...意思是从...下来，通常指下火车、巴士、轮船、飞机等，反义词组是geton...如：Don'tgetoffthebusuntilitstops.TheywillgetoffthetraininBeijing.上、下小汽车或电梯常用getinto\outof...lesson71.Ithoughtaboutitalldayatschool.thinkabout意思是思考，考虑，想起，想到...;如:Iamthinkingaboutmyfriendinthecountry.don'tthinkaboutitanymore.2.Ithoughtthatitwouldbeeasytobabysitthere.it在此代替后面的不等式tobabysitthere,作形式主语,如:Itisinterestingtoclimbthehill.Itishardtoanswerthequestion.3.Iwasscaredthatshewouldhurtherself,but...herself是反身代词,意思是她自己.当主语和宾语[指同一个人时,宾语应用反身代词.如:Shecanlookafterherself.MymothertaughtherselfEnglish.反身代词还可以作同位语,起加强语气的作用.如:Shecandoitherself.=Sheherselfcandoit4.Myauntandunclehadmadesandwichesforustoeatattheplayground.makesth.forsb.=makesb.sth.意思是为某人制作某物.如:Iwillmakeabirthdaycakeforher.=Iwillmakeherabirthdaycake.5.sowasi.这是一个倒装句.是由so+系动词\助动词\情态动词+主语,构成.如:Heistall.SoamI.Theylikechinesefood.SodothetwoEnglishmen.6.Ihelpedherbrushherteethandclimbintobed.helpsb.(to)dosth.意思是帮助某人做某事,如:Ioftenhelpmymotherdothehousework.HesometimeshelpsmestudyEnglish.helpsb.withsth.也能表示帮助某人做某事,但with后面跟名词或人称代词宾格,上面的句子可改写为:Ioftenhelpmymotherwiththehousework.HesometimeshelpsmewithmyEnglish.lesson91.Wouldyoulikesomemarkers?wouldlike意思是想要,后跟名词,代词,动词不等式.如:I'dlikeacupoftea.Wouldyoulikesomebananas?I'dliketohaveanotherbook.wouldlikesb.todosth.意思是想要某人做某事,如:He'dlikemetohelphimwithhismaths.wouldyoulikesth.用来表示邀请某人吃喝或用什么东西,它的答语为:Yes,please.\No,thanks.wouldyouliketodosth.用来表示邀请某人做某事,它的答语为:(yes),I'dlike\loveto.\I'mafraidnot...\I'dloveto,but...等.2.Wouldyoupleaselendmeyourgreenmarker?wouldyouplease+动词原形表示请你...好吗

lend是借进,常用lendsth.tosb.其反义词为borrow,常用borrowsth.fromsb.,如Heborrowedacarfromhisfriend.Helenthisbiketohisneighbour.3.Don'tforgettodrawthesun.forgettodosth.意思是忘记去做某事,forgetdoingsth.意思是忘了做过某事,如:Don'tforgettoclosethewindowbeforeyoubeave.Heforgotclosingthewindow,sohewentbacktocloseitagain.Heforgottoturnoffthelight,soitwasonthewholenight.4.Afteryouplantaplantinapot,whatdoyoudonext?plant是一个兼类词,既可以作动词,也可以作名词.plantaplant表示种植物.类似的兼类词还有:work;water;push等.lesson101.Flowers,leavesandstemsgrowaboveground.Rootsgrowbelowground.above是介词,表示在...上方,比...还高.与below相反.如:Theplaneisflyingabovetheclouds.Today'stemperatureis10degreesbelowzero.over是在...正上方,或覆盖在...上面,如:Thereisalampabovethedesk.Thereisabridgeovertheriver.2.Plantshaveflowersbeausetheflowersmakeseeds.because是连词,表示因为,引导原因状语从句.它不能和so连用,如:Shedidn'tcometoschoolbecauseshewassick.=Shewassicksoshedidn'tcometoschool.3.Theseedsofthericeplantfeedbillionsofpeople.hundred,thousand,million,billion等词前有具体数字时,用单数形式,直接修饰名词;表示一个笼统的概念时,用复数形式,后面要与介词of连用再接名词.如:Hehasthreehundredbooks.Hehasreadhundredsofbooks.lesson111.Youneedtolookafterit.lookafter=takecareof意思是照顾,如:Ihavetolookafterthebaby.Canyoulookafteryourself?2.Plantsusesunlighttomakefood.tomakefood是不定式,表示目的,如:LiMingwenttobeijingtoseehisuncle.3.Gardensarefullofplants.befullof...表示盛满...,装满....如:Theroomisfullofpeople.Thesebottlesarefullofwater.4.Inspring,peopleputcoversoverplantstokeepthemwarmatnight.cover用作动词意思是覆盖,遮盖,cover...with...表示用..把...覆盖上,如:Hecoveredhisfacewithascarf.becoveredwith...被...覆盖着.如:Theroadisusuallycoveredwithsnow.cover还可以用作名词,表示覆盖物,封面.如:Thebookneedsanewcover.keepsb.\sth.+adj.表示使某人或某物处于某种状态.如:Weshouldkeepourclassroomclean.Helikesdoingthingstokeephimselfbusy.Let'skeepthewindowsopen.5.Windowsaremadeofglass.bemadeof...意思是由...制成,在制成的过程中原材料没有发生质的变化.bemadefrom...意思是由...制成,在制成的过程中原材料发生了质的变化.如:Mydeskmadeofwood.Booksaremadeofpaper.Paperismadefromwood.Wineismadefromwheat.lesson121.Onegroupsingsthepurplewords,andtheothergroupsingstheblackwords.one...,theother...意思是一个...另一个...,如:Shehastwocats.Oneiswhite,theotherisblack.2.Theprettiestplant...prettiest是pretty的最高级,如:Heisthetallestboyandsheistheprettiestgirl.3.Thatyoueverdidsee.didsee在此相当于saw,did放在动词原形前起加强语气的作用,如:Shedoesstudyhard.Idolikecomputergames.Theydidgotohaveapicnicyesterday.4.Asthestemgrows,itmakesleaves.as在本句中表示当...时候,引导时间状语从句.如:HewentoutasIcamein.lesson131.Treeshelpcleantheair.It'spleasanttowalkamongthetrees.pleasant,pleased都是形容词,表示高兴的,快乐的.pleasant常用来形容事物,而pleased常用来形容人,如:Iamverypleasedyou'vedecidedtocome.among介词,表示在...(三者以上)之间,between介词,表示在两者之间.2.Donutsdon'tgrowontrees.ontrees=onthetree表示树本身所有物在树上;inthetree表示外来物在树上;如:Therearesomebirdsinthetree.Therearemanyapplesonthetree.3.Theshade是介词短语,意思是在阴凉处.类似的短语有inthesun;inthelight;4.Allplantstakeenergyfromthesunandmakeitintoo...意思是把...制成...,如:Wecanmakethetreeintopaper.Wecanmakecottonintocloth.make还可以构成如下短语bemadeof\from\by\in等5.Withoutfood,theywouldhavenothingtoeatandtheywoulddie.without是介词,意思是没有,不,如Hewenttoschoolwithoutbreakfast.Heleftwithoutsayinggoodbye.Fishcan'tlivewithoutwater.lesson141.Thereareabouteightythousanddifferentplantsintheworldthatpeoplecaneat.thatpeoplecaneat是定语从句,修饰plants,that是关系代词,引导定语从句,并代指plants,也可以用which来引导.当被修饰的名词是人时,可以用who,that,如Ilikethepresentthatyougaveme.ThisisthemostinterestingbookthatI'veeverread.Thewomanwhoisbabysittingthebabyismyaunt.2.Buthalfoftheworld'sfoodcomesfromonlythreeplants:race,cornandwheat.halfof...意思是...中的一半,当它所指代的是不可数名词时,代表单数.如果后面所接的是可数名词的复数,那么它所代表的也是复数概念.如Halfofhismoneywasspentonbooks.HalfofthebookshereareinEnglish.Halfofthestudentsinourclasslikemath.allof...;aquarterof...和它类似.3.Doctorsusemedicinetohelpsickpeople.use...todosth.意思是用...来做...,如Weuseourfeetandlegstowalk.sick是形容词,意思是有病的,患病的,可作定语和表语;ill也是形容词,意思相同,但只能作表语;如Hismotherwassick\illinbed.Therearemanysickpeopleinthedoctor'swaitingroom.4.Doyouhaveahatmadeofstraw?madeofstraw是过去分词短语作后置定语,表示被动;如DoyouknowtheboynamedpeterThisisthecameraboughtinjapan.lesson151.Ihavealottowriteabouttoday.towrite作后置定语,修饰alot,表示没有做,要去做的动作.如Ihavenothingtosay.Theyfoundaroomtolivein.Shehasnopentowritewith.2.Nowsth.newisgrowingatthetopofthestem.sth.是不定代词,应看作第三人称单数.形容词修饰它时应作后置定语.如Sth.iswrongwithhiscomputer.Thereissth.importantintoday'snewspaper.3.Later,theheadwillturnintowheatseeds.turninto...意思是变成...如Watercanturnintoo...意思是把...变成...,如Heatturnswaterintovapor蒸汽.相关的短语有changeinto...,o....lesson171.SheplayswithmewhenIcomehomefromschool.playwith...意思是与...玩,玩弄...如Don'tplaywithfire,it'sdangerous.2.Iwillkeephimundermydesk.keep的意思是使某人\某物保持某种状态或某地位.如Ifyourhandsarecold,keeptheminyourpockets.Thesegloveswillkeepyourhandswarm.I'msorrytokeepyouwaiting.Youcan'tkeepducksintheclassroom.keep还有饲养...的意思,如Hekeepsbees,goatsandhensonhisfarm.3.Iwillneedtoplantatreeinmybedroom.在肯定句中动词need通常用作行为动词,如Theyneedtofinishtheprojectontime.Youneedtotakeanumbrellawithyou.在否定句和疑问句中,need即可用作行为动词,也可以用作情态动词,如Youneedn'tfinishthatworktoday.=Youdon'tneedtofinishthatworktoday.Doyouneedtogoout=Needyougoout

need还可以用作名词,如Thereisagreatneedforanewbookonthissubject.Thereisnodeedforyoutostartyet.lesson181.Hewastalkingtomymum.was\were+doing是过去进行时,表示在过去某一时刻正在进行的动作.如Hewasn'twatchingthehamburgersatthattime.HewascookingsupperwhenIgothome.lesson191.Thezooisopen.open是形容词,意思是开放的,可进入的.如Thisgardenisopentothepublic.open还可以表示开着的,营业的,等.如Hesleptintheroomwiththewindowopenlastnight.Theshopisn'topenonsundays.Hiscoatwasopen.Thecagesarebigandopen.2.Ithasallkindsofanimals.allkindsof意思是各种各样的,如Allkindsofplantsweredisplayed.differentkindsof...不同种类的...;akindof...一种....;3.We'llneedourcapstoprotectusfromthetectsb.\sth.against\fromsth.意思是保护\保卫某人或某物不受...的侵害.如Iwaswearingafurcoattoprotectmyselffromthecold.Winterwheatlyingundersnowisprotectedagainstthecold.4.Zooscanhelppeopletostopanimalsfromgoingextinct.stopsb.fromdoingsth.意思是阻止某人做某事,在主动语态中from可以省去,在被动语态中from不可省去.如Pleasedon'tstophim(from)playingbasketball.Hewasstoppedfromplayingbasketball.Wealltriedtostophim(from)smokinginbed.lesson201.Iamatthezoowatchingalltheanimals,Iwanttomakefriendswithonetoday.atthezoo在动物园,也可用作inthezoo.makefriendswith...表示与...交朋友.2.Throwsomefoodtotheducksbythewater.Standsostillwhiletheywaddlemyway.by是介词,意思是在...旁边,在...附近.如:Myhouseisbytheriver.still可以作形容词,意思是静止的,不动的;如:KeepstillwhileIcombyourhair.PleasestandstillwhileItakeyourphotograph.still还可以作副词,意思是还,仍然,仍旧;如:Heisstillsleeping.Thefistisstillalive.while是连词,意思是当...的时候;如:ImetafriendwhileIwaswalkingdownthestreet.3.Iwantananimalfriendthatlikestojumpandrun,too.thatlikestojumpandrun是定语从句,修饰先行词ananimalfriend.被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词,引导定语从句的词叫关系词.先行词是人时,关系词通常用that或who\whom;先行词是事物时,关系词通常用that或which;关系词在从句中除作状语外,可以省去.如:Edisonwasamanwhonevergaveup.SheisthegirlwhomImetattheparty.Thisisthehousewhere(=inwhich)Ilivedlastyear.Iknowtheboywhosefatherisateacher.Thehousewhichstandsonthehillismine.lesson211.Theygothroughtheentrance.through介词,意思是(从...内部)穿过.across指(从...表面上)横过.如:Iwalkedacrossthesquaretothemuseum.Wewalkedthroughtheforest.2.Maybephotoswouldsurprisetheanimals.maybe意思是大概,或许.如:Maybehedoesn'tknowit'sspring.Maybeyouputtheletterinyourpocket.情态动词may和系动词be一起也可以表示可能是...的意思.如:Youmayberight.Ican'tfindmywatch.Itmaybeinyourpocket.3.Thendon'ttakephotosofme.takephotosofsb.意思是给某人照相.4.It'snearlynoon,andhe'sstillsleeping.nearly是副词,意思是几乎,差不多.如:Hurryup--it'snrarlytimeforschool.nearly和almost都表示几乎,差不多.在多数情况下,两者之间没有什么差别.一般来说almost所表达的程度比nearly更接近一些.另外,nearly不能用于修饰否定词,但可被not修饰;而almost可以和否定词连用.5.That'swherewegoout.wherewegoout.是表语从句,where是引导词.这样的词还有:wh-,that,because等.如:That'swhathesaid.That'swhyIamsoworried.Thequestioniswhetherourparentswillagree.Theproblemiswhichisheavier.Shelookedasifshewereadoctor.lesson221.Let'splayajokeonsomeonetoday.playajokeonsb.意思是开某人的玩笑,戏弄某人.如:Weallplayajokeonhim.haveajokewithsb.意思是与某人一起开某人的玩笑.如:Istoppedtohaveajokewithhim.makeajokeabout\ofsb.\sth.意思是拿某人(事)开玩笑.如:Don'tmakeajokeabouthim\hisshortcomings.2.Let'stellDannythatthebeargotoutofthezoo.getout(ofsth.)意思是从...里出来.另外,这个短语还可以表示出外走走.如Welovetogetoutintothecountrysideatweekends.Yououghttogetoutofyourhousemore.getoutofsth.\doingsth.意思是逃避责任或义务,不做份内的事,（使某人）放弃、停止或戒除（习惯等）。如IwishIcouldgetoutofgoingtothatmeeting.Ican'tgetoutofthehabitofwakingatsixinthemorning.3.Wehearditontheradio.on\overtheradio意思是通过无线电广播。类似的短语有onthetelephone;onTV.4.There'safiercebearing为现在分词，作bear的定语，有正在到来的意思，相当于定语从句thatiscoming.如Thereisabaglyingontheground.Therearesomeboysplayingfootballoverthere.5.Youarejoking,aren'tyou?该句是反意疑问句。反意疑问句由两部分组成。前一部分是陈述句，后一部分是简短问句，中间用逗号隔开。前后两部分遵循两个一致，一个相反原则。如Thepenisyours,isn'titHeisn'tadoctor,isheYourbrothercanswim,can'theYoudon'tstudyChiese,doyouHeneverwatchesTV,doesheTherewon'tbeanymeetingsnextweek,willthere?6.Wetrickedoutyou,Danny!trick是动词，意思是欺骗，欺诈。如Theyoungmantrickedmeoutof50yuan.tricksb.outof+钱数。表示骗取某人多少钱。lesson231.Oneoftheworld'sfirstzooswasinEgypt,about3500yearsago.ago作副词表示从现在算起的以前；before作副词可表示从过去某一刻算起的以前。如Imethimthreedaysago.IsaidIhadmethimthreedaysbefore.before后接时间点，可用于任何时态。如Shegottotheofficebeforefiveo'clock.Wehopetogethomebeforesixo'clock.2.Nootherpeoplecouldgo.nootherpeople可以说成nobodyelse.如Nobodyelsecouldgothereexceptkings,queensandimportantpeople.3.Egyptisfamousforitspyramids.befamous\well-knownfor意思是以...著名;以...闻名.如Franceisfamousforitsfoodandwine.Theplaceisfomousforitshotsprings.befamousas...意思是作为...职业\身份而著名.如Heisfamousasawriter.4.Peoplewenttothezootolearnaboutanimals.tolearnaboutanimals是动词不定式作目的状语.如Hecametogiveusatalkyesterday.Iwenttotheparktobreathethefreshair.5.Zoosaretheonlyplacesthatsomekindsofanimalslivein.thatsomekindsofanimalslivein是定语从句,修饰先行词theonlyplaces.由于先行词前有only,所以关系词只能用that.lesson251.Ifillajarwithwater.fill...with...意思是用...装满...befilledwith...=befullof...意思是充满...如Onhearingthenews,hereyesarefilledwithtears.Theyfilledtheholewithwater.fillin...意思是填上...;填充...;如Fillintheblanks.2.Then,Iturnthejarupsidedown.upsidedown意思是向下翻转过来如Thatpictureisupsidedown.Youholdthebookupsidedown.rightsideup意思是正面朝上.3.Ithinkthefloorwillgetwet.get作系动词,意思是变得,后跟形容词作表语.如Thedaygetslongerinspring.与get相关的词组有:getalong\on(well)with...与...(和睦)相处.如Iamgettingalong\onwellwithmyclassmates.getawayfrom...意思是逃跑.如Thethiefgotawayfromthepolice.getback意思是返回;要回或拿回.如Afteralongholiday,hehadtogetbacktowork.Pleasegetthebookbackforme.getinto...意思是上车.如Hegotintothecar.getoff...意思是下车;从...下来.如Hegotoffthetrain.getup意思是起床;起身;站起.如Hesuddenlygotupfromthechair.Iusuallygetupatsixinthemorning.gettogether意思是集合;团聚.如Wewillgettogetherattheschoolgateandtotothepark.getthrough意思是用电话联系上...如Ioftengetthroughtomyfriends.getto...意思是到达...如WewillgettoBeijingtomorrow.Hewillgethomebyfouro'clockthisafternoon.4.I'msurethefloorwon'tgetwet.sb.besure+that从句,意思是认为...一定....否定形式是sb.besure+疑问词引导的从句.如Tomissurethathewillwinthegame.Tomisnotsurewhetherhecanwinthegame.I'mnotsurewhenhe'llcomehere.5.Wecanprovewho'sve是及物动词,意思是证明,证实.常用于以下结构:provesth.(tosb.);prove(tosb.)that...;prove...(tobe)+adj\n.如Thefacthasprovedtheman'shonestytousall.=Thefacthasprovedtousallthatthemanishonest.=Thefacthasprovedtheman(tobe)ve也可以作不及物动词,意思是证明\表明(自己)是...,后跟形容词或名词.如Mytheorywillproverightsomeday.Duringthetrip,heprovedamanwithastrongwill.6.We'lldotheexperimentandobservewhatwillhappen.observe是动词,意思是观察.observesb.do\doingsth.如Iobservedherdance.WhenIpassedbythegrass,Iobservedhimwalking.lesson261.Iwillasktheclasstomakeobservationsandguesswhatwillhappen.makeobservations意思是观察.如Whiledoingexperiments,youmustmakecarefulobservations.这个短语还有做观察报告,评述,评论的意思.如OurgeographyteacherhasjustmadesomeinterestingobservationsonAfrica.observation也可以用作不可数名词.如Sheisinhospitalunderobservation.lesson271.Next,Brianwilltakehishandoffthecardboard.takesth.offsth.意思是使某物离开或脱离...如Wouldyoumindtakingyourfootoffmyhand?takeoff意思是起飞;脱下;匆忙离去.如Theplanetookoffat7a.m.Takeoffyourshoes,please.Hetookoffforthestationinahurry.2.Theforceisstrongenoughtoholdthewater.adj\adv+enoughtodosth.意思是足够...以至于能做某事.如Theboyisoldenoughtogotoschool.=Theboyissooldthathecangotoschool.=Heissuchanoldboythathecangotoschool.enough作副词,要放在被修饰的形容词和副词之后;作形容词,通常放在被修饰的名词之前.如Thishallislargeenoughtoholdtwothousandpeople.Hewalksfastenoughtobehereintime.Hedoesn'thaveenoughmoneytogofortraveling.I'msoory,butIhaven'tenoughtimetodothejob.3.AirisstrongerthanIthought!than可作连词或介词,用于引入比较级的后半部分,表示比...;如Sheisabetterplayerthanshewaslastyear.Heistallerthanme.HegetsupearlierthanI(do).ratherthan意思是宁愿...,不愿...;与其...不如...如Iwouldratherstayathomethangoout.4.Puteightspoonfulsofcornstarchintothebowl.spoonful是可数名词,意思是一勺的量.如aspoonfulofsugar.类似的还有twocupfulsofmilk;afewmouthfulsoftea;ahandfulofflowers.lesson281.Thattastessogreat.taste作系动词,后接形容词作表语,意思是尝起来...如Themeattastesgood.Ittastesbetterthanlooks.2.AndIwilleatuntilmyplateisempty.延续性动词+until\till...表示一直...直到...为止.如You'dbetterwaituntilhecomesback.IwillwatchTVuntilmyfathercomesback.我一直看电视直到我爸爸回来为止.瞬间性动词\延续性动词+not+until\till...表示直到...才...如Iwon'twatchTVuntilmyfathercomesback.我直到爸爸回来才看电电视.Ididn'tgotobeduntilmyfathercameback.我直到爸爸回来才睡觉.Hedidn'tgooutuntilhefinishedhishomework.他直到完成作业才出去.另,until\till作连词时,引导时间状语从句,当主句是一般将来时时,从句要用一般现在时来代替.如Ishallwaithereuntilhearrives.Iwillwaituntilhereturns.lesson291.Dannyisatthepark.atthepark=inthepark2.Debbiewillhavefunlookingforthem.havefun相当于enjoyoneself意思是玩得高兴,过得愉快.如Wehadlotsoffunonthesportsgroundtoday.=Weenjoyedourselvesverymuchonthesportsgroundtoday.havefundoingsth.表示做某事有乐趣.Itis(not)funtodo\doingsth.=Thereismuch\nofunindoingsth.意思是做...有(无)乐趣.如Itisfuntocookamealmyself.=There'smuchfunincookingamealmyself.Thereisnotmuchfuningoingtoapartyalone.=It'snotfuntogotoapartyalong.3.Ican'tmakeeggs.makeeggs意思是产卵,下蛋.还可以说成layeggs.4.Canyoufindthem?

辨析:find,lookfor,findout,huntforfind强调找的结果,意思是找到.如Hefoundhislostpen.lookfor强调动作的过程,意思是寻找.如Heislookingforhislostpen.findout强调(经过一番努力之后)找到...;查明....Atlast,theyfoundoutwhostolethebike.huntforsb.\sth.意思是寻找某人或某物.与lookfor同义.如Thepolicearehuntingforthethief.5.Nowmybasketisfullofeggs.befullof...意思是充满...=befilledwith...如Thebusisfullofpeople.=Thebusisfilledwithpeople.lesson301.Fillthedishhalffullofwater.half是副词,意思是部分地,一半地,差不多.如Thebottleisonlyhalffull.half也可作形容词,名词,意思是半个的,一半的,一半.如halfayear=ahalfyear;halfanhour=ahalfhour;Halfofthemarealreadyhere.Twohalvesmakeawhole.2.Tomakeacandleburn,you"light"it.make\let\havesth.\sb.dosth.意思是使某物或某人做某事.如Letthecandleburnfortwoorthreeminutes.3.Asthecandleburns,itusesupoxygenintheair.1)as作连词的各种用法as...as...结构中第二个as是连词,它往往连接一个不完整的句子,表示比较,意思是和...一样...;像...一样....如Johnisashealthyashissister.表示方式,意思是像,按照,如同.如RunasIdo.Leaveitasitis.表示时间,意思是当...的时候,一边...一边...,随着.如Shesangassheworked.Isawhimashewasgettingoffthebus.Youwillgrowwiserasyougrowolder.表示原因,意思是因为.如Asyouaretired,youbadbetterrest.表示让步,意思是虽然,尽管.如Richasheis,heisnothappy.MuchasIlikeit,Iwillnotbuyit.2)usesth.up意思是用尽...,利用...;如Sheusedupthechickenbonestomakesoup.Whenthecandlestopsburning,ithasusedupalltheoxygenintheair.4.Thereisaboutone-fifthoxygenintheair,sothewaterrisesandfillsaboutone-fifthofthejar.分数的表达形式:分子用基数词,分母用序数词,分子大于1,分母加s.概括为口诀:分子基,分母序.分子>1,分母加s.如1/2=one/ahalf=onesecond=one-second;1/3=onethird=one-third;2/3=twothirds=two-thirds;1/4=one/aquarter=one-quarter;3/4=threequarters=three-quarters;3/5=threefifths=three-fifths;5.Thecandleholderis"holding"thecandle.hold为动词,意思是拿,抓,握,抱,保持,容纳.如ShallIholdyourbag?Heheldabookinhishand.Heheldhisheadup.Idon'tthinkthecarwillholdyouall.lesson311.Doyouwanttosurpriseyourfriends?surprise是动词,意思是使惊奇,使感到意外.如Itsurprisedmetoseesomanypeoplehere.它还可以作名词,意思是惊奇,惊讶,诧异,意外之事.常用的有两个短语:toone'ssurprise;insurprise.如Tomysurprisetheplansucceeded.ShelookedupinsurprisewhenIentered.surprise对应的形容词有两个:surprised和surprising.surprised意思是感到惊奇的.如Wearesurprisedatthenews.Areyousurprised,class?WeweresurprisedtolearnthathewasFrench.surprising意思是使人惊讶的,出人意料的,惊人的.如Weknewthesurprisingfact.Wearesurprisedatthesurprisingnews.2.Thecardboardwillhokethewaterup.holdthewaterup=keepthewaterinthejar.3.Itpushesdownonusfromabove.Italsopushesuponusfrombelow.Intheexperiment,airpushesuponthecardboard.pushesup/downonsb./sth.意思的向上或下推在...上;给...一个向上或下的推动力.3.Scienceiseresting形容词,意思是有趣的.常用来形容事物.如It'saninterestingerested形容词,意思是对...感兴趣.常用来形容人.如Areyouinterestedinhistory?be/becomeinterestedinsth./doingsth.对(做)...感兴趣.如Webecameinterestedintheinterestingstory.lesson331.Icangoalmostanywhereonfoot.anywhere在否定句中表示什么地方,某地.相当于由somewhere变化而来.如Didyougoanywhereyesterday?anywhere在肯定句中表示任何地方.如Youcangoanywhereyoulike.2.Butthatwouldtakealongtime.这里would表示假想,猜测,推断.如Iknowyouwouldn'tgetlost.take表示花费,常用于句型:Ittakes/tooksb.+时间或钱+todosth.如IttakesusthreehourstoflytoGuangzhou.take还可以表示乘坐....如Iwouldtakeatrain.ShallItakeaplanetothebakery?3.Iseldomtakeaship.Iwouldlikeamorerapidtypeoftransportation.seldom意思是很少,不常,难得.一般不用比较级和最高级,可用very修饰.在句首时,句子要倒装.如SeldomdidIhearofherlastyear=Iseldomheardofherlastyear.morerapid=rapider是rapid的比较级,意思是更快的.type=kind,意思是类型,种类,样式.如Cottonisatypeofmaterial.Idon'tenjoythattypeofshow.lesson341.Inthe1760s,ascientistinEhe1760s意思是在18世纪60年代,也就是1760年-1769年.如the1990s其前要用介词ininvent是动词,意思是发明.其对应的名词是invention和inventor.如Theinventorinventedtwonewinventionslastyear.put...together意思是装配,组成,凑成,把...组装起来.如Let'sputateamtogether.puttwoandtwotogether意思是(根据所见或所闻等)推测出真相.putour/your/theirheadstogether意思是交流思想,交换意见,合议.2.Manytrainstationswerebuilttomakeiteasierforpassengerstogetonandoffthetrains.geton/off...意思是上下(公共汽车,火车,轮船,飞机等);getin(to)/outof...意思是上/下小汽车,电梯等3.Earlytrains,liketheRocket,hadatopspeedof50kilometresperhour.top在这里是名词作定语,意思是顶部的,最高的,最上面的.如Putitinthetopdrawer.topspeed意思是最高速度.如Thetrainisrunningattopspeed.per意思是每,每一.如oneappleperchild.Thefruitcosts3yuanperkilo.lesson351.In1900,planeshadn'tbeeninvented.hadbeeninvented是过去完成时的被动语态,意思是在...时以前,已经被发明.否定形式在had后加not,可缩写为hadn't.过去完成时的被动语态的结构是:had+been+动词的过去分词.如Theclassroomhadbeencleanedbeforewegottotheschool./themealhadbeencookedwhenwereachedhome.2.Howwillpeopletravel100yearsfromnow?100yearsfromnow=in100years意思是在100年后,用于一般将来时.如Howmanypeoplewilltherebeontheearth50yearsfromnow=Howmanypeoplewilltherebeontheearthin50years

3.You'dbetternotinventthat,Danny!you'd是youhad的缩写形式,hadbetter(not)dosth.意思是最好(不)做某事.如You'dbetternotsmokehere.They'dbetterfinishtheworkatonce.4.Henryfordlikedtobehumorousandsay,"Youcanhaveitinanycolouryouwant,aslongasit'sblack."aslongas意思是只要.相当于if,引导条件状语从句.如Wewillgofishingaslongasitdoesn'traintomorrow.Iwilldoitatonceaslongasyouagree.lesson361.Let'stakeadrive.takeadrive=drive意思是驾驶...takea+n=v.类似的还有:takeawalk=walk;takealook=look;takearest;takeaswim=swim等.2.getoutofthecar...getoutof...意思是从...出来,其反义短语为getinto...另外,getoutof...还有使逃避,避免,摆脱,放弃等意思.如Shetriedtogetoutofhelpinghermother.Theteacheraskedtheboytogetoutofabadhabit.lesson