梵蒂冈英文介绍

TheVaticanCityState

邹燕

ThesmallestcountryoftheworldBriefintroduction

010203HistoryMilitaryTheeconomyofVatican04BriefhistoryBefore1870,politicswascontrolledbypapal（罗马教皇的)governmentsinthecentralpartofItalywiththeareaofapproximate16.000squaremiles.In1870,theKingdomofItaly,inashiftofthepoliticalpower,establishingRomeasthenationalcapitalofItaly,wrested(夺取)politicalpowerfromthepapalgovernments,andabsorbedtheso-called"PapalStates"intoitsterritory.Andin1929,anagreementhammeredoutbytheItaliangovernmentandthePope,establishedVaticanCityasacountrywhichisgovernedbyCatholicismledbythePope.01briefintroductionPopulation：about1400Permanent

residents:839people(2013)Majorreligion:Catholicism(nationalreligion)天主教Language:ItalianandLatinCurrency:Lira(货币：里拉)

02Therearenofarmlands,noagriculture,nomineralresources,noindustriesinVatican.Whatstandsoutisreligion!Vaticanisacombinationofpoliticsandreligion.WhereistheVatican?GeographyVaticanislocatedinItaly,socalledasstatewithinastate.ItistothenorthwestofRome,thecapitalofItalyandontherightbankofTiberRiver,withtheboundaryofwalls.02Itisverysmall.PeopleinVaticanarenotallowedtoUseguns,becauseitmayshootItaly.SaintPeter’sSquareSaintPeter’sbasilica

SistineChapelVaticanMusumesnationalflag呈正方形，由金黄色和银白色两个竖长方形组成。传说金黄和银白两色是耶稣12门徒之一圣彼得的两把钥匙的颜色。右侧的白色旗地中，绘有教宗保禄六世的牧徽。Theflagconsistsoftwoverticalbands,oneofgoldoryellowandoneofwhitewiththecrossedkeys

of

SaintPeter

andthe

PapalTiara

centeredinthewhiteband.Thecrossedkeysconsistofagoldenandasilverkey,inwhichthesilverkeyisplacedinthe

dexter

右侧的position.

nationalemblem(国徽)

国徽，即教宗牧徽，是梵蒂冈城国的标志。为盾徽。盾面为红色，其上有两把交叉着梵蒂冈国徽的钥匙和一顶罗马教宗的三重冠冕。红色在历史上曾是天主教教堂的颜色；金黄色和银白色的两把钥匙是主给圣伯多禄（《圣经》中耶稣十二门徒之一）的，象征把天上和地上的一切权力都交给他；三重冠是主教冠和人间的皇冠结合产生的。按照天主教的说法，罗马教宗为基督在世代表。

ThenationalemblemisthesignoftheVaticancitystate.Forthecoatofarms.Shield盾surfaceforred,ithavetwocrosstheVaticannationalemblemofkeysandatoppontifical(教皇的)triplecrown.Military&policeThemilitarydefenseofVaticanCityisprovidedbyItalyandits

armedforces,giventhefactthatVaticanCityisanenclave(被包围的领土)withinItaly.VaticanCityhasnoarmedforceofitsown,the

SwissGuard(瑞士近卫队)

beingacorpsoftheHolySeeresponsibleforthepersonalsecurityofthePope.The

GendarmerieCorps

isresponsibleforsecurity,

publicorder,

bordercontrol,

trafficcontrol,

criminalinvestigation,andothergeneralpolicedutiesinVaticanCityMembersareequippedwith

smallarms

andthetraditional

halberd

（戟）

andtrainedinbodyguardingtactics（策略；战术）.03梵蒂冈的国防力量分为瑞士近卫队以及梵蒂冈宪兵，瑞士近卫队人数约为110人，负责保护教宗、显要人物及所有属于教宗的建筑。梵蒂冈宪兵人数约为130人，负责梵蒂冈城的社会秩序、边境管制、交通管制、刑事调查及一般警务工作。TheEconomyofVatican04VaticanHasitsownindependentbankingsystemandcurrencywhichiscurrentwiththeItalianlira(里拉).

Nowadaysithasmorethan80countriesandregionsthathavesentenvoys(外交使节,特使)tostationintheVatican，inRomeCatholicpriests,throughtheircontroloftheactivitiesoftheirhostcountries,andparticipateininternationalpoliticalandeconomicactivities.世界上有80多个国家和地区在罗马派有驻梵蒂冈的使节。通过他们控制驻在国天主教教士的活动，并参加国际政治、经济活动。梵蒂冈既无工农业，也无自然资源。财政收入主要靠旅游、邮票、不动产出租、特别财产款项的银行利息、梵宗教银行盈利和向教宗赠送的贡款以及教徒的捐款等。VaticanhasneitherIndustrialandagriculturalnorthenaturalresources.Itsfinancialincomemainlyreliesontourism,stamps,realestatelease,inparticularproperty’sbankinterestpayments,theVaticanbankprofitsandreligiousgiftsfromtributetothePopeandthefollowersofthedonationssection.梵蒂冈有三个经济组织：一是梵蒂冈银行，又称宗教事务银行，主要负责梵蒂冈的金融事务，直接对教皇负责，并接受红衣主教都督委员监督。该行成立于1942年，净资产约30-40亿美元，与世界上200多家银行有业务往来。二是梵蒂冈城国的教皇委员会，负责经营梵蒂冈电台、铁路、邮政电讯和其他机构。三是罗马教皇资产管理处，下分一般部门和特别部门。一般部门主要掌管在意大利的动产和不动产，净资产近20亿美元。Vaticanhasthreeeconomicorganizations:First,theVaticanBank,

knownasBankofReligiousAffairsismainlyresponsiblefortheVatican'sfinancialaffairs,directlyresponsibletothePopeandacceptthesupervisionofmembersoftheCardinalcaptaincy.Thebankwasfoundedin1942,thenetassetsofabout30-40billionU.S.dollars,doingbusinesswithmorethan200banksintheworld.Second,thePopeVaticanCityStateCommittee,responsibleforrunningVaticanRadio,railways,postaltelecommunicationsandotherinstitutions.Third,thePopeAssetManagementDepartment,underthesub-sectorandthespecialdepartmentingeneral.GeneraldepartmentalmajorinchargeofthemovableandimmovablepropertyinItaly,thenetassetsofnearly20billionU.S.dollars.梵蒂冈在北美、欧洲许多国家有数百亿美元的投资，其资本渗透到意大利众多的经济部门，特别是银行信贷和不动产系统，仅地产一项就达46万余公顷。黄金、外汇储备达100多亿美元。TheVaticanhasseveralbillionsofdollarsofinvestmentinNorthAmerica,manyEuropeancountries,itscapitalpenetrationtomanysectorsoftheItalyeconomy,especiallyinbankcreditandrealestatesystems,arealestatealoneamountedto46thousandhectares.Gold,foreignexchangereservesreached100billionU.S.dollars.

Vaticanisstillamajorinternationalfinancialtrusts,thereisan"internationalf