汉语动补结构形成课件

2019年暑期复旦大学语言学讲习班汉语动补结构的形成孙朝奋ChaofenSunStanfordUniversityJuly23,20192019年暑期复旦大学语言学讲习班1ResultativeVerbCompounds现代汉语的动补结构是多音节的、表示状态改变的动词(change-of-stateverbs)·来源於上古的一些并列性的连动式词汇化:Verb+Verb→VV复合词上古中古中古/近代并列→次级并列→中心词在前的复合动词parataxishypotasishead-initialcompoundResultativeVerbCompounds2语法化Brinton.LaurelJandElizabethlossTraugott.2019LexicalizationandLanguageChange.(CambridgeResearchSurveysinLinguistics.CambridgeCambridgeUniversityPressGrammaticalizationreferstothechangewherebyincertainlinguisticcontextsspeakersusepartsofaconstructionwithagrammaticalfunctionOvertimetheresultinggrammaticalitemmaybecomemoregrammaticalbyacquiringmoregrammaticalfunctionsandexpandingitshost-class语法化3词汇化Brintontraugott2019:144LexicalizationreferstothechangewherebyincertainlinguisticcontextsspeakersuseasyntacticconstructionorwordformationasanewcontentfulformwithformalandsemanticpropertiesthatarenotcompletelyderivableorpredictablefromtheconstituentsoftheconstructionorthewordformationpatternOvertimetheremaybefurtherlossofinternalconstituencyandtheitemmaybecomemorelexical词汇化4语法化和词汇化Nonproductive非能产L3L2LIG12G3Productive高度能产LI:partiallyfixedphrases,e.g,losesightof,agreewithL2:complexsemi-idiosyncraticforms,e.g,unhappy,desktop,L3:simplexandmaximallyunanalyzableidiosyncraticforms,cgdeskthe-hillGl:periphrasesbegoingto,asfaras,infaeG2:semi-boundformslikefunctionwordsandclitics,e.g,must,of,1,sG3:affixessuchasderivationalmorphologythatchangesthegrammaticalclassofthestem,suchaswise,andinflectionalmorphology.语法化和词汇化5汉语动补结构形成课件6汉语动补结构形成课件7汉语动补结构形成课件8汉语动补结构形成课件9汉语动补结构形成课件10汉语动补结构形成课件11汉语动补结构形成课件12汉语动补结构形成课件13汉语动补结构形成课件14汉语动补结构形成课件15汉语动补结构形成课件16汉语动补结构形成课件17汉语动补结构形成课件18汉语动补结构形成课件19汉语动补结构形成课件20汉语动补结构形成课件21汉语动补结构形成课件22汉语动补结构形成课件23汉语动补结构形成课件24汉语动补结构形成课件25汉语动补结构形成课件26汉语动补结构形成课件27汉语动补结构形成课件28汉语动补结构形成课件29汉语动补结构形成课件30汉语动补结构形成课件31汉语动补结构形成课件32汉语动补结构形成课件33汉语动补结构形成课件34汉语动补结构形成课件35汉语动补结构形成课件36汉语动补结构形成课件37汉语动补结构形成课件38汉语动补结构形成课件39汉语动补结构形成课件402019年暑期复旦大学语言学讲习班汉语动补结构的形成孙朝奋ChaofenSunStanfordUniversityJuly23,20192019年暑期复旦大学语言学讲习班41ResultativeVerbCompounds现代汉语的动补结构是多音节的、表示状态改变的动词(change-of-stateverbs)·来源於上古的一些并列性的连动式词汇化:Verb+Verb→VV复合词上古中古中古/近代并列→次级并列→中心词在前的复合动词parataxishypotasishead-initialcompoundResultativeVerbCompounds42语法化Brinton.LaurelJandElizabethlossTraugott.2019LexicalizationandLanguageChange.(CambridgeResearchSurveysinLinguistics.CambridgeCambridgeUniversityPressGrammaticalizationreferstothechangewherebyincertainlinguisticcontextsspeakersusepartsofaconstructionwithagrammaticalfunctionOvertimetheresultinggrammaticalitemmaybecomemoregrammaticalbyacquiringmoregrammaticalfunctionsandexpandingitshost-class语法化43词汇化Brintontraugott2019:144LexicalizationreferstothechangewherebyincertainlinguisticcontextsspeakersuseasyntacticconstructionorwordformationasanewcontentfulformwithformalandsemanticpropertiesthatarenotcompletelyderivableorpredictablefromtheconstituentsoftheconstructionorthewordformationpatternOvertimetheremaybefurtherlossofinternalconstituencyandtheitemmaybecomemorelexical词汇化44语法化和词汇化Nonproductive非能产L3L2LIG12G3Productive高度能产LI:partiallyfixedphrases,e.g,losesightof,agreewithL2:complexsemi-idiosyncraticforms,e.g,unhappy,desktop,L3:simplexandmaximallyunanalyzableidiosyncraticforms,cgdeskthe-hillGl:periphrasesbegoingto,asfaras,infaeG2:semi-boundformslikefunctionwordsandclitics,e.g,must,of,1,sG3:affixessuchasderivationalmorphologythatchangesthegrammaticalclassofthestem,suchaswise,andinflectionalmorphology.语法化和词汇化45汉语动补结构形成课件46汉语动补结构形成课件47汉语动补结构形成课件48汉语动补结构形成课件49汉语动补结构形成课件50汉语动补结构形成课件51汉语动补结构形成课件52汉语动补结构形成课件53汉语动补结构形成课件54汉语动补结构形成课件55汉语动补结构形成课件56汉语动补结构形成课件57汉语动补结构形成课件58汉语动补结构形成课件59汉语动补结构形成课件60汉语动补结构形成课件61汉语动补结构形成课件62汉语动补结构形成课件63汉语动补结构形成课件64汉