商务英语阅读(第二版)+大学英语翻译教程(第三版)答案

王关富《商务英语阅读（第二版）》参考答案Unit1WhyChinaWorksExercises1.Answerthequestionsonthetext:1)HowdoestheauthorviewtheChineseeconomy?Itisthemostimportantbrightspotintheworldeconomyundertheglobalrecession,theonlymajoreconomythatislikelytoshowsignificantgrowththisyear,andtheonlyonethatroutinelybreakseveryruleintheeconomictextbook.2)Accordingtotheauthor,whycantheChineseeconomyperformsowell?Becauseof:(1)thecapacityforstatecontrolbytheChinesegovernment.(2)itsrejectionofexoticfinancialinnovationsthatarethemeltingcoreoftheglobalcreditcrisis.(3)theintegrationofitseconomicpoliciesbetweentraditionalmarkettoolsandstatecontrolmeasures.3)Inwhatwaydoestheauthorimplythatwesterneconomistsareerroneousintheirbiastoward“China’smarketeconomicsystem”?TheUnitedStatesandEuropearemovingtowardstatecontrolbynationalizingtheirbankingandcarindustries,andimposingheavynewregulationonthefinancialindustry.4)WhatistheviewofStephenRoachontheChineseeconomysystem?InvestmentisthebackboneofsustainablegrowthintheChineseeconomy,whichworksmoreeffectivelythanothermarketbasedsystemsintimesofeconomicstress.5)WhycanChinaworkintheeyeoftheauthor?Ithasfollowedaradicalpragmatismfocusingonaslowbutsteadyshifttowardfreermarkets.6)WhatisregardedasthestrategicthinkingoftheChineseleadersinmarketreforms?TheyunderstandevenundertheseriousfinancialcrisisthatitcanstabilizetheChinesemarketandeconomytointroducemoresophisticatedformsofsecuritization,includingstockindexfunds,corporatebondsandotherdebtproducts.Theyalsorealizethat,inthecourseofdoingthis,theyshouldlearnfromthemistakesthewesternershavemade.7)WhatistheexamplegiventoillustratethesteadinessoftheChineseleadersintheirpolicyexecution?TheycontinuetoallowthevalueofyuantorisedespiteoftheAmericanchargesandtheneedforexportcompetitivenessbytheirownenterprises.8)Whatis“shocktherapy”?ItistheeconomicpolicyadoptedinRussiafrom1991to1992thattotallyderegulatedpricesandleadtoarunawayinflation.Itprovedtobeallshockandnotherapy.9)InwhatwaysdoestheChineseeconomicsystemworkefficiently?Itcangetthingsdonequickly,moveinacoherentmanner,andmarshalitspeopleandresourcestoacommontarget:economicgrowthandprosperity.11)WhataretheInternetandpublicopinionusedfor?Forputtingpressureonlocalofficialsandinfluencingpolicydecisions.2.Fillineachblankofthefollowingsentenceswithoneofthephrasesinthelistgivenbelow.Makechangeswhennecessary.1)Atatimewhentheneedisgrowingformentalhealthservices,manycountriesareunfortunatelycuttingbackonitsspending.2)Thereisanincreasingnumberofpeopleoutofwork.Butthewesternmediaoftenunfairlylabelthemaslazyandreliable.3)NowthattheflowofoilhasbeenstoppedbyBP,theimpactofallthespilledoilandnaturalgasisstillbeingmeasured.4)Onceagainitsabilitytosteereconomicpolicywillbetestedagainsttheabilitytodeliveronservicesandprojectsaimedatgrowingtheeconomyandjobs.5)Housingpricesareincrediblyhightoday.Butheboughthishouseforasongaboutfiveyearsago.6)Aspeoplearecomplaininghighprices,especiallythoserelatedtodailynecessities,thegovernmentfeelsratherurgenttoholddowninflationrateimmediately.7)Undertheneweconomypolicyinvestorsareinvitedtobuyintostate-ownedenterprises.8)SinceaseriousgunshootingoccurredinArizonalastweek,securityconcernshavetrickleddowntoallplaces,includingresidentialbuildings.9)Socialunrestisadailyoccurrenceinthecountrynowadays.Itisinthelastplacewhenitcomestoinvestmentformultinationalcompanies.10)EffortstobansmokinginChinaaresoeffectiveyet.Somechainsmokersneverthinkofquittingwhilemanyothershavebattledinvaintoquit.3.MatchthetermsincolumnAwiththedefinitionsincolumnB:A_______________________B__________________________________1)financialinnovationA)Areductioninthegeneralavailabilityofloans(orcredit)orasuddentighteningoftheconditionsrequiredtoobtainaloanfromthebanks.72)stimuluspackageB)Anon-bankentityororganizationsuchasinvestmentcompaniesandmutualfundsthatinvestsinlargequantities.83)overheatingC)Alegalentitycreatedbyagovernmenttoundertakecommercialactivitiesonitsbehalf.64)stamptaxD)Thetradingofacorporation'sstockorothersecurities(e.g.bondsorstockoptions)byindividualswithpotentialaccesstonon-publicinformation.9E)Anindustrythatrequireslargeamountsofcapital,machineryandequipmenttoproducegoods.55)capital-intensivesectorF)Generationofnewandcreativeapproachestosecurities,moneymanagementorinvesting.16)state-runfirmG)Aneconomythatisexpandingsorapidlythattoomuchmoneyischasingtoofewgoodsandeconomistsfearariseininflation.37)creditcrisisH)taxleviedoncertainlegaltransactionssuchasthetransferofapropertysuchasbuilding,copyright,land,patent,andsecurities.48)institutionalinvestorI)Aplanoraseriesofmeasurestakenbyagovernmenttojump-startitsailingeconomy,generallyasapartofitsfiscalpolicy.210)insidertrading4.TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese.我们所面临的来自中国的真正挑战并不是他们向我们大量销售的货物，而恰恰相反，是他们正在提升的价值链。这在将来可能会对美国经济构成最严重的新挑战。在过去三十年的大部分时间里，中国集中精力建设基础设施，这主要靠廉价的劳动力和勤劳苦干的工人就行了。但工厂也都现代化、交通世界一流、港口大型化、机场高效化了，而且所有这些都是以人类历史上从未有过的速度和规模完成的。现在中国又想跨入更高质产品和服务的时代。这意味着由政府官员确定的经济发展的下一步是要以建设高速网般的决心投资发展人力资本。自1998年来，中国政府已启动了大规模的教育发展计划，投入的资金按GDP比例计算增加了两倍，在而后的十年，中国的大学增加了一倍，大学生增加了四倍，从1997年的100万增长到2007年的550万。中国列出了顶级的9所大学为其常青藤大学联盟。欧洲各大学以及美国的州立大学因受大规模经费削减影响而处于崩溃状态，而中国的大学大发展趋势则恰恰相反。耶鲁大学校长理查德·雷文在今年年初的一次演讲中指出：“这次中国大学的扩展是前所未有的，在仅十年的时间里就建起了世界上规模最大的高等教育。实际上，2000年以来中国大学扩招的大学生人数超过了美国大学招生的总数。那么这一史无前例的教育投资对中国和美国有何意义呢？诺贝尔经济学奖得主罗伯特·福格尔预测了训练有素工人的经济影响。在美国，高中毕业的工人的生产率是只受过9年教育的人的1.8倍，而大学毕业的则要高出两倍。中国正在大规模地扩大高中和大学生的人数。尽管目前中国在服务业上仍远远落后他国，但中国企业将会很快进入这一巨大市场。福格尔相信高技能工人的增多将在今后大大刺激中国的经济增长率，使其GDP在2040年之前达到惊人的123万亿美元。不管这一难以想象的数字是否准确，但有一点是很清楚的，中国正开始提升其价值链，进入一直来只有西方国家独占的产业和工种，这才是来自中国的真正挑战。应对这一挑战的最佳和最有效的方法不是威胁和关税，而是深层次的结构改革和大规模的投资，使美国经济重新获得活力，使美国工人再具竞争力。5.Readthefollowingtextandchoosethebestsentencefromthelist(A-E)belowtofillineachofthegapsinthetext.1)Itassemblesmoretoys,stitchesmoreshoesandsewsmoregarmentsthananyothernationintheworld.2)Chinaishometo1.3billionpeopleandhas100citiesofmorethanamillionpeople.3)Evenat25centsanhour,ChineseworkerscostmorethanlaborersinthepoorercountriesofSoutheastAsiaorAfrica.4)Indeed,thecountry'sembraceofmarketeconomyoverthelastdecadeandthegovernment'sinsistencethatfarmersfendforthemselvesarecombiningforcestoall.5)Thatdisparityhassetinmotionthelargesthumanmigrationinhistory.SupplementaryReadingChina:Thenextbrandingsuperpower?1.ChinaandtheU.Sdisagree________.A.whethertheChineseshouldbuymoreB.overwhodominatesthebilateraltradeC.whetherthevalueofRMBisdeliberatelyhelddownD.overwhattheChineseconsumersshouldbuy2.TheAmericansassumethatChinawillremain________sothatitwillcontinuetoimportAmericanhighervalueaddedproductsandservices.A.amanufacturingsuperpowerB.adevelopingcountryC.aservice-basedeconomyD.aregionaleconomicpower3.Bymovingupthevaluechain,Chinaintendstobecomea________.A.manufacturinggiantB.brandingsuperpowerC.competitivenationD.politicalsuperpower4.Accordingtotheauthor,theworkofbrandinginChinawoulddependmoreon________.A.domesticcompaniesB.foreigninvestorsC.thegovernmentD.multinationalcompanies5.WithbetteraccesstoChinesemarketforforeigncompanies,whatdoChinesepolicymakersfear?A.Chineseconsumerswillpreferfamousforeignbrands.B.Chinesebrandsareunabletomoveuptothehighendofthebrandchain.C.Chinacanalsoaddvaluesthroughmarketinganddistribution.D.Chinawillhavetospendbillionsbuildingbrands.6.TheSpaceRatebetweentheU.S.andtheSovietUnionismentionedtoreflect________.A.militarycompetitionduringthecoldwarB.theanxietyoftheAmericansinthespacerateC.nationaleconomicsecurityinChinaD.thenationalanxietyofChinaovertheirbrandcompetitiveness7.Theauthorbelievesinlessthanacenturytheconsumertrendsintheworldwillbeoverwhelminglydominatedby________.A.consumerconsciousnessB.competitivemarketC.suchbrandsasCoca-cola,Google,andToyotaD.ChinesebrandsUnit2AChangedGlobalRealityExercises1.Answerthequestionsonthetext:1)Whatarethefeaturesofthetwomajoreconomiesthattheworldhasseenformorethan200years?Onehasdominatedtechnologicalinnovationandtradeandamassedgreatwealth.Thesecond—muchofitpoliticallyunderthethumbofthefirst—hasremainedpoorandtechnologicallydependent.2)Howmuchdidlow-and-middle-incomecountriescontributetoworldgrowthin2010?Almosthalf(46%)3)Takingalongtermview,whyisitgoodnewsthatdevelopingcountriesaregrowingfast?Asbillionsofpoorpeoplebecomemoreprosperous,theywillbeabletoaffordcomfortstheircounterpartsintherichworldhavelongconsideredthenormalappurtenancesoflife.4)Whataretheworst-casescenariosthatEuropehassofaravoided?Acollapseoftheeuro,adebtcrisisthatspillsfromsmalleconomiessuchasGreeceandIrelandtomuchbiggeroneslikeItalyandSpain,andbittersocialunrestinthosenationsthatarehavingtomassagewagesdownwhilecuttingpublicbudgets.5)WhydoesJimWalkerthinkthat2011willbea“yearofreckoning”?BecauseJimWalkerthinksthatthereboundintheUSisamiragecreatedbyexcessivestimulus.HeexpectstheUStoslipintothedoubledipitdodgedin2010.6)Whyhastheprivate-sectordebtcrisisof2008-2009morphedintoapublic-sectordebtcrisisin2010-11?Ithasbeentheresultofthedebtanddeficitsamassedintheprocessofstimulatingeconomiesandbailingoutbanksduringthedownturn.7)Whataretherisksthatemergingeconomiesface?a.sharpriseininflationb.risingoilpricesc.soaringfoodprice8)WhatdidChinaandIndiadotocopewithinflationandrisingfoodprices?Chinaraisedthereserve-requirementratio;IndiaresortedtodiplomaticmeanswhenPakistantemporarilycutoffsomeexportsofonionstothecountry.9)Howcanthedisaffectionwithglobalcapitalisminthedevelopedworldbepreventedfromturningintoabacklashagainstit?Itwouldhelpifthereweremechanismsinplacetomanagethestressesintheinternationaleconomy.10)Whatisthemostseriousdivisionbetweencountriesthatpolicymakershavetocontendwith?Economicdisparity2.Fillineachblankofthefollowingsentenceswithoneofthephrasesinthelistgivenbelow:1)Thesearchforthechildwasscaledbacksharplytoday,withalmostathirdofthevolunteersheadinghome.2)TheformerFederalReserveChairmansaysthereisariskthattheUScouldslipintoarecessionbyyear’send.3)TheCEOofthefirmsaidthattheywouldswitchpriorityfromtraditionallabor-intensiveproductstomorehi-techandvalue-addedones.4)Intheaftermathofthefinancialcrisisthegrouphasputonholdsomeofitsambitiousregionalexpansionplans.5)ToyotaMotorCorp.isofferingwidespreadjobbuyoutstoitsUSworkersforthefirsttimeandcuttingtheworkweekatsomeofitsAmericanplantsby10%tocontendwithfallingsales.6)Eventually,itmustmorphintoasystemthatfunctionsonstability,oritwillfailandcauseanunstoppablebreakdownandwidespreadhardship.7)Unfortunatelymostofthecentralbanksintheworldtodayarestillfirmlyunderthethumbofpoliticians.8)Thestockmarket’sendurancecoulddependheavilyonwhethereconomicandcorporateperformanceremainsuncertain,orbeginsindicatingthattheeconomytrulyisoutofthewoods.9)Survivorswereencouragedtotalkabouttheirhorribleexperiencestohelpthemcometotermswiththeflooddisaster.10)Othercountries—notablyAustralia—havealsoavoidedabustintheirhousingmarkets,andhaveinsteadseenpricesincreasesflattenout.3.MatchthetermsincolumnAwiththeexplanationsincolumnB:AB______1）double-diprecessionA)Aphysicalsubstance,suchasfood,grains,andmetals,whichisinterchangeablewithanotherproductofthesametype,andwhichinvestorsbuyorsell,usuallythroughfuturecontracts72)creditratingB)Ameasurethatexaminestheweightedaverageofpricesoffoodstuffs,oftenusedasanimportantfactortoassessthecostofliving.93)austerityC)Agovernmentpolicyofdeficit-cutting,lowerspending,andareductionintheamountofbenefitsandpublicservicesprovided,sometimescoupledwithincreasesintaxestopaybackcreditorstoreducedebt.34)privatesectorD)Acentralbankregulationthatsetstheminimumreserveseachcommercialbankmustholdtocustomerdepositsandnotes.105）protectivetariffE)Thepartoftheeconomythatisnotstatecontrolled,andisrunbyindividualsandcompaniesforprofit.46）beggarthyneighborF)Anexpressionineconomicsdescribingpolicythatseeksbenefitsforonecountryattheexpenseofothers.Suchpoliciesattempttoremedytheeconomicproblemsinonecountrybymeanswhichtendtoworsentheproblemsofothercountries.67)commodityG)Apublishedrankingbasedondetailedfinancialanalysisbyacreditbureau,ofone’sfinancialhistory,specificallyasitrelatestoone’sabilitytomeetdebtobligations.28）sovereign-debtcrisisH)Acrisisinwhichanationalgovernmentowessomuchdebtthatitisunabletorepayorontheedgeofbankruptcy.89）food-priceindexI)Atariffwhichtriestobanimportstostopthemcompetingwithlocalproducts510）reserverequirementJ)Asituationwhereeconomicgrowthslidesbacktonegativeafterashort-livedgrowthandtheeconomymaymoveintoadeeperandlongerdownturn.14.TranslatethefollowingintoChinese:星期五，世界上20个主要经济体的领导人结束了在这座东北亚首都城市举行的为期两天的峰会。各国争论不休，然而却没有就避免破坏性货币和贸易战争的具体措施达成一致意见。会议遭遇的挫折远多于收获，而奥巴马总统最为沮丧，其采取统一方法推动全球经济的努力未能成功。20国集团成员国突然拒绝支持美国迫使中国提高币值的尝试，延续了这场痛苦的争端，很多人认为争端最终会导致全球贸易战。在离开这座城市之前，各国领导人发表了一项打了折扣的声明，仅仅同意避免货币的“竞争性贬值”。这份联合声明大致描述了他们推动增长，并平衡贸易和汇率以及避免贸易保护主义政策的意图。美国官员称此为一份重要协议，将会帮助减轻一些承受巨额贸易逆差的国家的压力。但是各国并没有义务遵守这些协议。在最后的讲话中，奥巴马对这次令人失望的峰会持积极态度，说世界上的发达国家和发展中国家已经成功地把世界经济引入通往复苏的道路。但是他也承认参与峰会的各国可能重陷一种险境：引起本次全球经济危机的经济失衡。尽管如此，他不会承认在后门会议上遭遇的失败。这样的会议经常被认为是处于陷入敌对状态的边缘。“我们在此所做的工作并不一定那么激动人心、始终能改变世界，但我们确实是在稳步地增强国际管理机制和机构，减少世界各国间的摩擦”，奥巴马说。他强调二十国集团领袖们作出了巨大的努力，包括建立国际社会所要求的裁定当事国是否对贸易伙伴采取不公平做法的仲裁机制。“有时我觉得人们本能地聚焦于分歧也是很自然的，”美国总统说，但实际上“我们在每次这样的峰会上都取得实质性的进展。”但在首尔，世界领袖们一再显示他们无意妥协，只愿做出空泛的许诺，难以遮盖他们在寻求共识果敢行动上的无能。不能达成共识有时则会促使世界各国去追求各自的利益，而会损害有协调的全球均衡增长。5.Fillineachofthefollowinggapswithoneofthesentencesgivenbelow:1)ThisweektheIMFpredictedthatglobalGDPshouldexpandby4.8%thisyear.2)Mostobviously,thereisthegapbetweenthevitalityofthebigemergingeconomies,someofwhichhavebeensprintingalongatcloseto10%,andthesluggishnessofmanyrichones.3)Poorcountries,especiallyyoungones,oughtintheorytoinvestmorethantheysave,andsobeanetsourceofdemandforricher,olderones,allthemoresowhenthelatterareinbadshape.4)Richcountriesareplanningtaxrisesandspendingcutsworth1.25%oftheircollectiveGDPin2011,thebiggestsynchronisedfiscaltighteningonrecord.5)EveninAmericatheageingofthebaby-boomerspointstoaslower-growingworkforce.SupplementaryReadingTheSurvivaloftheSafest1.WhichofthefollowingisanimportantreasonfortheAmericaneconomy’spersistentweakness?A.newrisksB.damagetomoraleC.distrustinoneanotherD.JohnMaynardKeynes’theory2.Accordingtothepassage,thebook“WhyWagesDon’tFallDuringaRecession”focuseson:A.therecessionof1999B.therecessionof1990-1999C.therecessionof1990-1991D.therecessionof2008-now3.Whatisunusualaboutthemarketforlaborcomparedwithotherproductivefactors?A.Forotherproductivefactorssuchaswheat,thepriceusuallydropsuntiltheexcesssupplyismostlygone.B.Excesssupplyoflaborshowsupasunemployment.C.Unlikefactorsofproductionssuchaswheatortrucks,humanbeingsdon’thavemoraleissues.D.Forlabormarket,excesssupplycanbeprominentandpersistent.4.ThemanagersthatProfessorBewleyinterviewedconsistentlytoldthat:A.theyareconcernedaboutboththeemotionalandphysicalstateoftheircoreemployees.B.theyareconcernedabouttheemotionalstateoftheircoreemployeesC.theyareconcernedaboutthephysicalstateoftheircoreemployeesD.theyareconcernedabouttheemotionalstateofalltheiremployees5.Theunderlinedpartinthesentence“…theysteelthemselvesagainstsentimentality…”means:A.Becomehard-heartedB.Wrapthemselveswithsteel.C.BeequippedwithsteelD.Fightagainst6.Whydomanagersoftenlayoffmorepeoplethannecessary?A.Toensurethattheydon’thavetorepeattheordealanytimesoon.B.Toensurethattheremainingworkersworkharder.C.TocutdowncostD.Becausetheremainingworkerswanttotakeextrawork.7.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.Thelaid-offemployeescandirectly“poisontheatmosphere”intheirformerworkplaces.B.Thelaid-offemployeescannever“poisontheatmosphere”intheirformerworkplacesoncetheygetfired.C.Thelaid-offemployeescanindirectly“poisontheatmosphere”intheirformerworkplaces.D.Thelaid-offemployeesareforbiddentogetintouchwiththoseremainingemployees.8.Whichofthefollowingwillemployeeswhostayemployednotexperience?A.survivor’sguiltB.painC.empathywiththelessfortunateD.extravagantvocations9.WhichofthefollowingisNOTaconsequenceofthereticenceofemployees?A.Preservingjobsinone’sowncompanyB.Workingagainstjobgrowthelsewhere.C.Resultinginalossofvigorintheaggregateeconomy.D.Leadingtothesappingofcreativity.10.Theauthorsuggeststhatthecurrentunemploymentmaybesolvedby:A.Inspiringcreativityinprivatesector.B.InitiatingbiggovernmentprogramstocreatejobsC.Boostingworkmoralinbusinesses.D.Raisingwagesforemployees.Unit3TimetorebalanceExercises1.Answerthequestionsonthetext.1)HowdidSteveHiltonfeelwhenLehmanBrotherscollapsed?Theworldwascomingtoanend.2)WhatdidMr.Hiltondotosavehiscompany?(1)Givingupoptionstobuythousandsoflots.(2)Layingoff3/4ofhisemployees.(3)Redesigninghishousestocutconstructioncost.(4)Servingcustomerswithguaranteedpayment.3)InwhatsenseAmericaasacountryissimilartoMr.Hilton’scompany?Dismissingworkersinthewholecountryandexperiencingoneoftheworsteconomicrecessionsinhistory.4)Whatdoes“thebiggesttransformations”mean?Macroeconomically,theUSwillchangefromdebtandconsumptiontosavingandexports.Microeconomically,Americanswillhavedifferentlifestylesanddodifferentjobsindifferentplaces.5)AccordingtotheMcKinseyGlobalInstitute,whatisthecommonpracticeofconsumersduringeconomiccrises?Consumersgenerallytrytocuttheirdebttomoremanageablelevels.6)Whatisthemajordifferencebetweencreditcardsandchargecards?Botharealineofcreditforacustomer.Foracreditcard,thecustomercanchoosetopayinfullorpartiallyattheendofamonth.Whenpayingpartially,thecustomercanpayinterestonthebalanceuntilitispaidinfull.Somepeoplejustkeepmakingpartialpaymentsandpayinterestoncreditcardsforyearsandyears.Butforachargecard,thecustomerhastopaytheentireamountoffeachtimehe/shereceivesabill.Itisnotallowedtomakeapartialpaymentandnointerestisinvolved.7)Howisthecurrentrecessiondifferentfromthepreviousones?Itwastriggeredbyafinancialcrisisthatmadeitimpossibletochannelsavingstoproductiveinvestmentandleftcustomersandenterprisesstrugglingwiththingsfromtheboom.8)WhatisthedilemmatheObamaadministrationinconcerningthestimulus?Ontheonehand,theadministrationexpectstoreducefederaldeficit.Ontheotherhand,itworriesthatthewithdrawingthestimulusmaypushtheAmericaneconomybackintorecession.9)Whatarethereasonsforeconomicrestructuringaccordingtothereport?Tightercredit,lowerconsumerborrowing,andhigherenergyprices.10)Whatissaidaboutbusinessinvestment?Itisexpectedtoberobust,especiallyforequipment.Butitcanneversubstituteconsumerspending.11)WhatchangeshaveoccurredintheUnitedStatesintermsofconsumption?(1)Americanconsumersspendlessbutsavemore.(2)Americancompaniesthuslooktoanexportboomabroad.(3)TheUShaschangedfromaconsumingnationtoanexportingeconomy,accountingforonly27%ofglobalconsumptionthisyear,muchlessthanthatofemergingmarkets.12)WhatmakesthereportoptimisticabouttheAmericaneconomy?(1)TheUShasbeenincreasingexportsabroad,particularlyemergingmarkets.(2)America’scurrent-accountdeficitdroppedfrom6%to3%.(3)Americanfirmsarebusypreparingfortheirinvestment.2.Fillineachblankofthefollowingsentenceswithoneofthephrasesinthelistgivenbelow.Makechangeswhennecessary.1)Investorsfrombigcitiesarequicktosnapuprealestatesinthisboomingtownfortheirrisingfuturevalues.2)Therearealreadyclearsignalsthattheinvestorswillshiftawayfromthefinancialfirminlegaltrouble.3)Highinputcostsarelikelytoputpressureonsteelpricesinthedomesticmarketevenifdemandstillremainshigh.4)TheprimeministersaidThursdaythatanewinternationalairportwillbebuiltinthesoutherncitytocatertotherisingnumberofpassengersandaircargoesthere.5)Manyeconomistsfearthatthecontractionofmoneysupplymaydryupfinancingneededforvariouseconomicactivities.6)ProfessorNilwas,however,quicktowarnthepublictobeontheirguardagainstthosecounterfeitsalreadyincirculation.7)AcademyAwards,EmmyAwardsanddozensofprestigiousawardsfromprominentfilmfestivalsaroundtheworldattesttothestellarqualityofthefilmsbeingfeaturedattheannualWorldCommunityFilmFestival.8)Aneighborhoodgroupinthedistrictplanstoholdafundraisertohelpchildrenpayoffoverduebookfinessothattheycanresumeusingtheirlibrary.9)Thewriter’sfameshranklastyearbecausethepublicthoughthewasknockingoutsomanythings.10)Businessleadershaveurgedthegovernmenttosnapupfarmlandoverseastogrowbasicstaplesasabufferagainstsoaringfoodprices.11)TheVancouverteamvowedtogetbacktodoingthelittlethingsrightandknewitwouldadduptobigthings.12)Whathashappenedoverthepastfewyearsindicatesthatgreatpolitical,socialandeconomictransformationsareinthemaking.3.MatchthetermsincolumnAwiththedefinitionsincolumnB.A_______________________B________________________________________1)emergingmarketA)Acontractthatpermitstheowner,dependingonthetypeofoptionheld,topurchaseorsellanassetatafixedpriceuntilaspecificdate.62)profitmarginB)Atheoreticalconstructthatrepresentseconomicprocessesbyasetofvariablesandasetoflogicalandquantitativerelationshipsbetweenthem.103)consumerspendingC)Aneconomy,withfastgrowthratebutlowtomiddlepercapitaincome,hasopenedupitsmarketandintegrateditselfintotheglobaleconomy.14)consumerismD)Theprocessofmovingfromaperiodoflossesorlowprofitabilityintoamoreprofitablestageforafirm,industryoreconomy.85)disposableincomeE)Ratioofprofitaftertaxestocost-of-sales,oftenexpressedasapercentage,measuringtheprofitabilityofafirmandindicatingitscoststructure.26)optionF)Portionofthebalanceofpaymentsconsistingofexportsandimportsofgoodsandservices,aswellastransferpaymentssuchasforeignaidgrants.97)economicrestructuringG)Theamountofmoneyspentbyhouseholds,measuredmonthly,makingupanimportantpartofaneconomy.38)turnaroundH)Thephenomenonofaneconomyshiftingfromamanufacturingtoaservicesectoreconomicbase.79)currentaccountI)Amovementequatingpersonalhappinesswithpurchasingmaterialpossessionsandconsumption.410)economicmodelJ)Theamountofincomelefttoanindividualaftertaxeshavebeenpaid,availableforspendingandsaving.54.TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese:目前石油价格飞涨，接近110美元一桶，食品和其他货物的成本也随之上涨。然而不仅仅只是石油价格上升，实际上还有美元的贬值，去年在国际上对其他主要货币就贬值了18%。美元变得一文不值，而与通常的经济衰退不同，美国经济的GDP却仍在增长，2007年美国的GDP增长了2.2%，达到13.8万亿美元。但2007年究竟发生了什么，使美国经济遭受了毁灭性的打击呢？其答案并不简单。房产和信贷危机损坏了美元的币值。想象一下，假如有人把成千上万的美元假币投入到美国经济中，而又被媒体发现了，这肯定会导致经济混乱，触发社会骚动，百姓不再信任现钞，从而摧毁美元的币值。不过，美国的情况并不是假币，而是泛滥的信贷。美国人的按揭抵押、信用卡和国债太多了。他们依赖来自中国和其他国家的进口，本身的经济则过于强调服务业，而缺乏制造业的支撑。其结果是美元实际上已不太值钱，只是一张纸币而已。可因其稳定和坚挺，过去数十年世界各国银行一直将美元作为储备货币，其币值是由海外强劲的需求支撑的。然而在布什政府时代，乔治·布什心不在焉，不重视经济发展与繁荣，经济基本上完全被他忽视了，而将精力放在国际反恐上。在历史上，货币实际上曾经是由象黄金这样的贵金属支撑的，但那样的时代早已一去不复返了。现在货币的比值是由政府和市场说了算，它们允许各国货币根据国际市场的需求浮动，但当一国的多数买卖是由信贷支付而没有足够的实体经济来支撑这些买卖时，那该国的货币最终就会暴跌。因此，美国现在所处的正是这种景况。商品价格飞涨，这意味着美国的GDP仍在增长，但这种增长是由于通货膨胀抬高商品价格而促成的。不过，假如你调整我们的GDP，把货币贬值的因素考虑进去，那么你马上就知道真相了。美国现在处于经济衰退之中，美国人还未意识到是因为我们的GDP数字看起来仍在上升，但他们并不知情的是：我们的GDP价值实际上已下降了。由于上述状况再加上按揭抵押和信贷危机，美国势必经历一段失控而危险的经济旅程。5.ReadthefollowingtextandchoosethebestsentencefromthelistA-Ebelowtofillineachofthegapsinthetext.1)Theywouldliketodrivemoremoneyintotheeconomynowtopumpuptherecoveryasahedgeagainstthefeareddoubledip.2)Inplaceofthat$154billionbill,theWhiteHousepromptedtheHousetopassanarrower$54billionplaninMay.3)ButSenateDemocratscouldn'tpassthatbilleither.4)InsomecasesthatmeansarenewedpushforideasObamahasbeentoutingsincelate2009.5)Forinstance,itismoreaggressivelypromotinga$13billionbusiness-hiringtaxcreditthatCongresshasalreadypassed.SupplementaryReadingThecreditcrunchhasshatteredAmerica's'neoliberaldream'1.Itwas________thatcausedtheendofthedominanceoffree-marketcapitalism.A.AmericanbudgetdeficitB.theglobalfinancialcrisisC.InternationalMonetaryfundD.anti-marketmovement2.Thetwowritersarguedintheirbookthatinmostofthe20thcenturytheworld________.A.spentthetimefightingwarsB.triedtofindoutwhattheAmericandreamwasaboutC.boughtuptheAmericandreamandallitsproductsD.lookedintotheAmericansandtheirwaylife3.Morethan$800billionnationaldebtintheformoftreasurybondswasdueto________.A.adecade-longborrowingbinge