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国际贸易实务(英文版)(第二版)ppt周瑞琪4.TermsofCommodity国际贸易实务(英文版)(第二版)ppt周瑞琪4.TermsofCommodity国际贸易实务(英文版)(第二版)ppt周瑞琪4.TermsofCommoditySEIBOFGDUFS2LearningobjectivesAfterreadingthischapteryoushouldbeabletoexplainthedifferentwaysofqualitystipulationoutlinethequantitymeasurementunitsandsystemsdescribetheapproachestoweightcalculationunderstandthefunctionsandfeaturesofdifferenttypesofexportpackagingidentifymarkingonthepackingofgoodsforinternationalsalescomposequality,quantityandpackingclausesproperly2020/11/30国际贸易实务(英文版)(第二版)ppt周瑞琪4.Terms1LearningobjectivesAfterreadingthischapteryoushouldbeabletoexplainthedifferentwaysofqualitystipulationoutlinethequantitymeasurementunitsandsystemsdescribetheapproachestoweightcalculationunderstandthefunctionsandfeaturesofdifferenttypesofexportpackagingidentifymarkingonthepackingofgoodsforinternationalsalescomposequality,quantityandpackingclausesproperly
2020/11/302SEIBOFGDUFSLearningobjectivesAfterread4.1NameofcommoditySignificanceCISGArticle35:Thesellermustdelivergoodswhichareofthequantity,qualityanddescriptionrequiredbythecontractandwhicharecontainedorpackagedinthemannerrequiredbythecontractIssues
concerningstipulatingnameinsalescontract:beingclear,specific&precisebeingpracticaladoptingthewidelyacceptedname(HSCode)2020/11/303SEIBOFGDUFS4.1NameofcommoditySignifica4.2QualityDefinition:referstotheintrinsicelementsofcommoditiesincludingtheinternalpropertiesoringredientsaswellastheexternalappearance..2020/11/304SEIBOFGDUFS4.2QualityDefinition:2020/11/4.2Quality:waysofqualitystipulation2020/11/305SEIBOFGDUFS4.2Quality:waysofqualitys4.2Qualitystipulation–SalebydescriptionSpecificationcomprisesomeimportantindicatorssuchascomposition,content,purity,length,size,etc.
ExampleChinaSesameSeedMoisture:8%max.Admixture:2%max.Oilcontent:52%basis2020/11/306SEIBOFGDUFS4.2Qualitystipulation–Sale4.2Qualitystipulation–SalebydescriptionSalebygradebeindicatedsimplybystatingitsgrade,aspresumablythesellerandthebuyeraresupposedtohavereachedaconsensusontheclassificationimplicationofgrades.toavoidmisunderstandingandthesubsequentdisputes,however,itisrecommendedtolaydownsomemajorspecifications2020/11/307SEIBOFGDUFS4.2Qualitystipulation–Sale4.2Qualitystipulation–Salebydescriptionsalebygrade:example
FreshHenEggs,shelllightbrownandclean,eveninsizeGradeAA:60-65gmpereggGradeA:55-60gmpereggGradeB:50-55gmpereggGradeC:45-50gmperegg
2020/11/308SEIBOFGDUFS4.2Qualitystipulation–Sale4.2Qualitystipulation–SalebydescriptionSalebystandardwhenspecificationsorgradesarelaiddownandproclaimedinaunifiedway,theybecomestandards.
ExampleTetracyclineHCLTablets(SugarCoated)250mg.B.P.1973ChinaNortheastSoybean2006NewCrop,F.A.Q: Moisture15%max. Admixture1%max.
2020/11/309SEIBOFGDUFS4.2Qualitystipulation–Sale4.2Qualitystipulation–SalebydescriptionSalebystandard:F.A.Q.&G.M.QF.A.Q.:indicatingthatthequalityoftheaproductofferedisaboutequaltotheaveragequalitylevelofthesamecropwithinacertainperiodoftime(e.g.ayear.)generallysuitableforagriculturalproducts.G.M.Q.:thequalityofthegoodsofferedaresufficientlygoodtosatisfythepurposesforuseorconsumptionwhicharemutuallyunderstoodbythebuyerandthesellerusedsometimesasthebottom-lineofqualityrequirement.
2020/11/3010SEIBOFGDUFS4.2Qualitystipulation–Sale4.2Qualitystipulation–SalebydescriptionSalebybrandnameortrademark
todefinethequalityofsomeproductsbysimplyreferencingtotheirbrandnamesortrademarks.ExamplesSonyTelevisionsHaierRefrigeratorsTigerheadbatteriesPanasonicTelevision,TH-42PV65C
2020/11/3011SEIBOFGDUFS4.2Qualitystipulation–Sale4.2Qualitystipulation–SalebydescriptionSalebyorigintousethenameoftheplaceoforiginastheindicationforqualityExampleWest-lakeLongjingTea,Grade1,ZhejiangOrigin2020/11/3012SEIBOFGDUFS4.2Qualitystipulation–Sale4.2Quality–SalebydescriptionSalebydescriptionsorillustrations
specificdescriptions,sometimeswithillustrationsExamplePanasonicTelevision,TH-42PV65C,qualityandtechnicaldatatobestrictlyinconformitywiththeinstructionsattached.HaierRefrigerator,ModelXXX,qualityandtechnicaldatatobestrictlyinconformitywiththedescriptionssubmittedbytheseller.2020/11/3013SEIBOFGDUFS4.2Quality–Salebydescripti4.2Qualitystipulation–SalebysampleSalebysampleDefinition:asalewhenthesellerandbuyeragreethatsampleisusedasthebasisofqualityandconditionofthegoodstobedelivered.ExampleTeddyBearSize15,QualityasperSampleX071118A2020/11/3014SEIBOFGDUFS4.2Qualitystipulation–Sale4.2Qualitystipulation–salebysample
Salebyseller’ssamplemadeonthebasisofthesampleprovidedbythesellerSalebybuyer’ssamplemadeonthebasisofthesampleprovidedbythebuyerSalebycountersampleCountersample:areplicamadebythesellerofthesampleprovided,normallybythebuyercountersampleusedasthebasisforqualitytoremovetheriskoftheselleragoodsubstitutetosalebybuyer’ssample2020/11/3015SEIBOFGDUFS4.2Qualitystipulation–sale4.2QualityIssuesconcerningqualityclauseinsalescontract:adoptingtherightwayavoidingdoublestandardbeingclear,practicalandreasonablemakinguseofQualityLatitudeorTolerancemakingpriceadjustmentwhennecessaryinsertingseller'sprotectingclausewhennecessary2020/11/3016SEIBOFGDUFS4.2QualityIssuesconcerningq4.2QualityQualitylatitude:definitionthepermissiblerangewithinwhichthequalityofthegoodsdeliveredbythesellermaybeflexiblycontrolled
Qualitytolerance:definitionthequalitydeviationrecognizedinthetrade,whichallowsthequalityofthegoodsdeliveredbythesellertohavecertaindifferenceswithinarange2020/11/3017SEIBOFGDUFS4.2QualityQualitylatitude:d4.2QualityHowtostipulatequalitylatitude/tolerancetostipulateacertainscope,e.g.thewidthofthecottonclothis47/48inches.tostipulate“max”or“min”e.g.Moisture:8%max.Admixture:2%max.tostipulatemoreorlesse.g.duck'sdowncontent18%±1%2020/11/3018SEIBOFGDUFS4.2QualityHowtostipulatequ4.2QualityStipulatingqualitylatitude:examples“Qualityshallbeaboutequaltothesample”“Qualityisnearlythesameasthesample”“Thequalityofthegoodsshippedtobeaboutequaltothesample”“Shipmentshallbesimilartothesample.”
2020/11/3019SEIBOFGDUFS4.2QualityStipulatingquality4.2QualitySafeguardClause:examples“Itisthebuyerratherthanthesellerwhoshallberesponsibleforanydisputesarisingfromtheinfringementofthethirdparty'sintellectualproperties.”Foranycottonpiecegoodsproducedwiththedesign,trademarks,brands,and/orstampingsprovidedbythebuyer,shouldtherebeanydisputesarisingfromtheinfringementuponthethirdparty'sindustrialpropertyrights,itisthebuyertobeheldresponsibleforit.2020/11/3020SEIBOFGDUFS4.2QualitySafeguardClause:e4.3QuantityUnitsofquantitycalculation
Weight:metricton,tonne,kilogramme,longton,shorttonNumber:piece,dozen,setLength:meter,kilometer,yard,foot,inch)Area:km2,yd2,ft2Volume:km3,yd3,ft3Capacity:liter,gallon,quart,pint,bushel2020/11/3021SEIBOFGDUFS4.3QuantityUnitsofquantity4.3QuantityMeasurementsystemstheMetricSystemtheU.S.SystemtheBritishSystemtheInternationalSystemofUnits(S.I.)…2020/11/3022SEIBOFGDUFS4.3QuantityMeasurementsystem4.3QuantityWaystostipulateweight
grossweightnetweightgrossfornetconditionedweighttheoreticalweightlegalweight2020/11/3023SEIBOFGDUFS4.3QuantityWaystostipulate4.3Quantitygrossweightgrossweight=netweight+TarenetweightNetweight=Grossweight–Tare
Ifnotstipulated,consideredtobenetweighttarecalculation
actual/realtareaveragetare,customarytarecomputedtare
grossfornetGoodspricedbytheirgrossweightinsteadofthenet
2020/11/3024SEIBOFGDUFS4.3Quantitygrossweight2020/14.3QuantityConditionedweightConditionedweight:equalstothedryweightofacommodityplusthestandardmoisturecontent
Conditionedweight=Driednetweightx(1+Standardregainrate)2020/11/3025SEIBOFGDUFS4.3QuantityConditionedweight4.3QuantityTheoreticalweightTheoreticalweight=UnitweightxQuantityLegalweightLegalweight=Netweight+Tare(immediatepacking)2020/11/3026SEIBOFGDUFS4.3QuantityTheoreticalweight4.3QuantityIssuesconcerningquantityclauseinsalescontract:clear,specificandavoidambiguityquantitylatitude(moreorlessclause)latitude:howmuchmoreorless?decision:atwhoseoption?pricing:contractrateormarketprice?2020/11/3027SEIBOFGDUFS4.3QuantityIssuesconcerning4.3QuantityExamplesofmoreorlessclause:800metrictons,5%moreorlessatseller’soption20,000metricpairs,thesellersareallowedtoload5%moreorless,thepriceshallbecalculatedaccordingtotheunitpriceinthecontract1,000metrictons5%moreorless,atBuyer’soptionwithmoreorlessportionpricedatthemarketpriceatthetimeofshipment.2020/11/3028SEIBOFGDUFS4.3QuantityExamplesofmoreo4.4Packing&MarkingFunctionsofPackingProtectingGoods FacilitatingDelivery ReducingCost Promotingsales… 2020/11/3029SEIBOFGDUFS4.4Packing&MarkingFunctions4.4Packing&MarkingFactorsdeterminingpackingNaturePropertiesofCargo ModeoftheTransport CustomsorStatutoryRequirements GeneralFragilityofCargo Weather EaseofHandlingandStowage Insurance TransportationCost… 2020/11/3030SEIBOFGDUFS4.4Packing&MarkingFactorsd4.4Packing&MarkingTypesofpackingSalespackingTransportPacking
unitpacking:drums,cases,bags,boxes...collectivepacking:pallet,flexiblecontainer…2020/11/3031SEIBOFGDUFS4.4Packing&MarkingTypesof4.4Packing&MarkingTypesofmarkingShippingmarksIndicativemarksWarningmarksSupplementarymarks
2020/11/3032SEIBOFGDUFS4.4Packing&MarkingTypesof4.4Packing&MarkingFunctionsofshippingmarkstoquickenstheidentificationtohelpavoidshippingerrorsContentsofShippingmarksConsignee’scodeDestinationReferenceNo.Numberofpackages2020/11/3033SEIBOFGDUFS4.4Packing&MarkingFunctions4.4Packing&MarkingExampleofshippingmark2020/11/3034SEIBOFGDUFS4.4Packing&MarkingExampleo4.4Packing&MarkingIndicativemarkstodrawattentionforproperhandlingExamplesFRAGILEKEEPDRY2020/11/3035SEIBOFGDUFS4.4Packing&MarkingIndicativ4.4Packing&MarkingWarningmarkstoindicatedangerouscargoesSuitablefordangerousgoodssuchasexplosive,inflammable,corrosiveandradioactivecargosExamplesEXPLOSIVESPOSION2020/11/3036SEIBOFGDUFS4.4Packing&MarkingWarningm4.4Packing&MarkingRelevantissuesconcerningmarkingNeutralPackingnomarkingofthenameofthecountryproducingthegoodsand/orthenameofthemanufacturerOEMshortformofOriginalEquipmentManufacturer.usethebrandnameortrademarkdesignatedbybuyersontheirmanufacturedgoodsissuesconcerningpropertyright..2020/11/3037SEIBOFGDUFS4.4Packing&MarkingRelevant4.4Packing&MarkingContentsofpackingclauseinasalescontract
packingmethodthematerial,dimensions,unitweight,fillingmaterialandreinforcementconditionsifapplicableExamplesInnewirondrumsof175kgneteachInnewsinglejutebags,100kgneteachpackingcostshippingmarksatseller’soptionatbuyer’soption,therelevantshippingmarksshouldreachthesellerxxdaysbeforethetimeofshipment
2020/11/3038SEIBOFGDUFS4.4Packing&MarkingContents谢谢！谢谢！39国际贸易实务(英文版)(第二版)ppt周瑞琪4.TermsofCommodity国际贸易实务(英文版)(第二版)ppt周瑞琪4.TermsofCommodity国际贸易实务(英文版)(第二版)ppt周瑞琪4.TermsofCommoditySEIBOFGDUFS2LearningobjectivesAfterreadingthischapteryoushouldbeabletoexplainthedifferentwaysofqualitystipulationoutlinethequantitymeasurementunitsandsystemsdescribetheapproachestoweightcalculationunderstandthefunctionsandfeaturesofdifferenttypesofexportpackagingidentifymarkingonthepackingofgoodsforinternationalsalescomposequality,quantityandpackingclausesproperly2020/11/30国际贸易实务(英文版)(第二版)ppt周瑞琪4.Terms40LearningobjectivesAfterreadingthischapteryoushouldbeabletoexplainthedifferentwaysofqualitystipulationoutlinethequantitymeasurementunitsandsystemsdescribetheapproachestoweightcalculationunderstandthefunctionsandfeaturesofdifferenttypesofexportpackagingidentifymarkingonthepackingofgoodsforinternationalsalescomposequality,quantityandpackingclausesproperly
2020/11/3041SEIBOFGDUFSLearningobjectivesAfterread4.1NameofcommoditySignificanceCISGArticle35:Thesellermustdelivergoodswhichareofthequantity,qualityanddescriptionrequiredbythecontractandwhicharecontainedorpackagedinthemannerrequiredbythecontractIssues
concerningstipulatingnameinsalescontract:beingclear,specific&precisebeingpracticaladoptingthewidelyacceptedname(HSCode)2020/11/3042SEIBOFGDUFS4.1NameofcommoditySignifica4.2QualityDefinition:referstotheintrinsicelementsofcommoditiesincludingtheinternalpropertiesoringredientsaswellastheexternalappearance..2020/11/3043SEIBOFGDUFS4.2QualityDefinition:2020/11/4.2Quality:waysofqualitystipulation2020/11/3044SEIBOFGDUFS4.2Quality:waysofqualitys4.2Qualitystipulation–SalebydescriptionSpecificationcomprisesomeimportantindicatorssuchascomposition,content,purity,length,size,etc.
ExampleChinaSesameSeedMoisture:8%max.Admixture:2%max.Oilcontent:52%basis2020/11/3045SEIBOFGDUFS4.2Qualitystipulation–Sale4.2Qualitystipulation–SalebydescriptionSalebygradebeindicatedsimplybystatingitsgrade,aspresumablythesellerandthebuyeraresupposedtohavereachedaconsensusontheclassificationimplicationofgrades.toavoidmisunderstandingandthesubsequentdisputes,however,itisrecommendedtolaydownsomemajorspecifications2020/11/3046SEIBOFGDUFS4.2Qualitystipulation–Sale4.2Qualitystipulation–Salebydescriptionsalebygrade:example
FreshHenEggs,shelllightbrownandclean,eveninsizeGradeAA:60-65gmpereggGradeA:55-60gmpereggGradeB:50-55gmpereggGradeC:45-50gmperegg
2020/11/3047SEIBOFGDUFS4.2Qualitystipulation–Sale4.2Qualitystipulation–SalebydescriptionSalebystandardwhenspecificationsorgradesarelaiddownandproclaimedinaunifiedway,theybecomestandards.
ExampleTetracyclineHCLTablets(SugarCoated)250mg.B.P.1973ChinaNortheastSoybean2006NewCrop,F.A.Q: Moisture15%max. Admixture1%max.
2020/11/3048SEIBOFGDUFS4.2Qualitystipulation–Sale4.2Qualitystipulation–SalebydescriptionSalebystandard:F.A.Q.&G.M.QF.A.Q.:indicatingthatthequalityoftheaproductofferedisaboutequaltotheaveragequalitylevelofthesamecropwithinacertainperiodoftime(e.g.ayear.)generallysuitableforagriculturalproducts.G.M.Q.:thequalityofthegoodsofferedaresufficientlygoodtosatisfythepurposesforuseorconsumptionwhicharemutuallyunderstoodbythebuyerandthesellerusedsometimesasthebottom-lineofqualityrequirement.
2020/11/3049SEIBOFGDUFS4.2Qualitystipulation–Sale4.2Qualitystipulation–SalebydescriptionSalebybrandnameortrademark
todefinethequalityofsomeproductsbysimplyreferencingtotheirbrandnamesortrademarks.ExamplesSonyTelevisionsHaierRefrigeratorsTigerheadbatteriesPanasonicTelevision,TH-42PV65C
2020/11/3050SEIBOFGDUFS4.2Qualitystipulation–Sale4.2Qualitystipulation–SalebydescriptionSalebyorigintousethenameoftheplaceoforiginastheindicationforqualityExampleWest-lakeLongjingTea,Grade1,ZhejiangOrigin2020/11/3051SEIBOFGDUFS4.2Qualitystipulation–Sale4.2Quality–SalebydescriptionSalebydescriptionsorillustrations
specificdescriptions,sometimeswithillustrationsExamplePanasonicTelevision,TH-42PV65C,qualityandtechnicaldatatobestrictlyinconformitywiththeinstructionsattached.HaierRefrigerator,ModelXXX,qualityandtechnicaldatatobestrictlyinconformitywiththedescriptionssubmittedbytheseller.2020/11/3052SEIBOFGDUFS4.2Quality–Salebydescripti4.2Qualitystipulation–SalebysampleSalebysampleDefinition:asalewhenthesellerandbuyeragreethatsampleisusedasthebasisofqualityandconditionofthegoodstobedelivered.ExampleTeddyBearSize15,QualityasperSampleX071118A2020/11/3053SEIBOFGDUFS4.2Qualitystipulation–Sale4.2Qualitystipulation–salebysample
Salebyseller’ssamplemadeonthebasisofthesampleprovidedbythesellerSalebybuyer’ssamplemadeonthebasisofthesampleprovidedbythebuyerSalebycountersampleCountersample:areplicamadebythesellerofthesampleprovided,normallybythebuyercountersampleusedasthebasisforqualitytoremovetheriskoftheselleragoodsubstitutetosalebybuyer’ssample2020/11/3054SEIBOFGDUFS4.2Qualitystipulation–sale4.2QualityIssuesconcerningqualityclauseinsalescontract:adoptingtherightwayavoidingdoublestandardbeingclear,practicalandreasonablemakinguseofQualityLatitudeorTolerancemakingpriceadjustmentwhennecessaryinsertingseller'sprotectingclausewhennecessary2020/11/3055SEIBOFGDUFS4.2QualityIssuesconcerningq4.2QualityQualitylatitude:definitionthepermissiblerangewithinwhichthequalityofthegoodsdeliveredbythesellermaybeflexiblycontrolled
Qualitytolerance:definitionthequalitydeviationrecognizedinthetrade,whichallowsthequalityofthegoodsdeliveredbythesellertohavecertaindifferenceswithinarange2020/11/3056SEIBOFGDUFS4.2QualityQualitylatitude:d4.2QualityHowtostipulatequalitylatitude/tolerancetostipulateacertainscope,e.g.thewidthofthecottonclothis47/48inches.tostipulate“max”or“min”e.g.Moisture:8%max.Admixture:2%max.tostipulatemoreorlesse.g.duck'sdowncontent18%±1%2020/11/3057SEIBOFGDUFS4.2QualityHowtostipulatequ4.2QualityStipulatingqualitylatitude:examples“Qualityshallbeaboutequaltothesample”“Qualityisnearlythesameasthesample”“Thequalityofthegoodsshippedtobeaboutequaltothesample”“Shipmentshallbesimilartothesample.”
2020/11/3058SEIBOFGDUFS4.2QualityStipulatingquality4.2QualitySafeguardClause:examples“Itisthebuyerratherthanthesellerwhoshallberesponsibleforanydisputesarisingfromtheinfringementofthethirdparty'sintellectualproperties.”Foranycottonpiecegoodsproducedwiththedesign,trademarks,brands,and/orstampingsprovidedbythebuyer,shouldtherebeanydisputesarisingfromtheinfringementuponthethirdparty'sindustrialpropertyrights,itisthebuyertobeheldresponsibleforit.2020/11/3059SEIBOFGDUFS4.2QualitySafeguardClause:e4.3QuantityUnitsofquantitycalculation
Weight:metricton,tonne,kilogramme,longton,shorttonNumber:piece,dozen,setLength:meter,kilometer,yard,foot,inch)Area:km2,yd2,ft2Volume:km3,yd3,ft3Capacity:liter,gallon,quart,pint,bushel2020/11/3060SEIBOFGDUFS4.3QuantityUnitsofquantity4.3QuantityMeasurementsystemstheMetricSystemtheU.S.SystemtheBritishSystemtheInternationalSystemofUnits(S.I.)…2020/11/3061SEIBOFGDUFS4.3QuantityMeasurementsystem4.3QuantityWaystostipulateweight
grossweightnetweightgrossfornetconditionedweighttheoreticalweightlegalweight2020/11/3062SEIBOFGDUFS4.3QuantityWaystostipulate4.3Quantitygrossweightgrossweight=netweight+TarenetweightNetweight=Grossweight–Tare
Ifnotstipulated,consideredtobenetweighttarecalculation
actual/realtareaveragetare,customarytarecomputedtare
grossfornetGoodspricedbytheirgrossweightinsteadofthenet
2020/11/3063SEIBOFGDUFS4.3Quantitygrossweight2020/14.3QuantityConditionedweightConditionedweight:equalstothedryweightofacommodityplusthestandardmoisturecontent
Conditionedweight=Driednetweightx(1+Standardregainrate)2020/11/3064SEIBOFGDUFS4.3QuantityConditionedweight4.3QuantityTheoreticalweightTheoreticalweight=UnitweightxQuantityLegalweightLegalweight=Netweight+Tare(immediatepacking)2020/11/3065SEIBOFGDUFS4.3QuantityTheoreticalweight4.3QuantityIssuesconcerningquantityclauseinsalescontract:clear,specificandavoidambiguityquantitylatitude(moreorlessclause)latitude:howmuchmoreorless?decision:atwhoseoption?pricing:contractrateormarketprice?2020/11/3066SEIBOFGDUFS4.3QuantityIssuesconcerning4.3QuantityExamplesofmoreorlessclause:800metrictons,5%moreorlessatseller’soption20,000metricpairs,thesellersareallowedtoload5%moreorless,thepriceshallbecalculatedaccordingtotheunitpriceinthecontract1,000metrictons5%moreorless,atBuyer’soptionwithmoreorlessportionpricedatthemarketpriceatthetimeofshipment.2020/11/3067SEIBOFGDUFS4.3QuantityExamplesofmoreo4.4Packing&MarkingFunctionsofPackingProtecting
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