短文改错课件

短文改错高考复习短文改错题出现在NMET试题的第二卷中，通常是150词左右的短文，属于主观试题客观考查的综合性高层次试题。成为NMET试题中重要题型之一。它所考查的范围都属典型、常见的病句，很少出现偏、难、怪句。它仍是历年高考NMET试卷失分率较高的题型。同学们在解短文改错题时，在通读全文，弄清文章主旨及体裁特点的基础上，应注意每行中的关键词和关键结构。因为这个词或这个结构的存有，人们在使用语言时常常出错，而命题者也往往在这里设出错考查。所以同学们应注意以下常见解题技巧。短文改错课件二､解题技巧要想做好“短文改错”题,不妨试试分成“四步走”,遵循“四原则”,实施“四查法”｡具体做法如下：

(一)分成“四步走”｡

1.通读全文,了解大意｡注意语篇结构和行文逻辑｡不能在不了解文章大意的情况下,逐字逐行地实行修改｡

2.先易后难,缩小范围｡在通读全文的过程中,能够先把文中明显的错误找出来改正,然后再根据具体语境,仔细分析判断,将注意力集中在较难的句子上｡

1.(NMET2006)...thementhrewawaymostofhisclothestosavethemselves.2.(2006重庆)Alotofwhitebirdscometomycityforfood.Icanwaitpatientlyabovetheseaforquitealong...3.(2006广东)Ifhespendsmostofhistimeplayingaboutinthewaythatheusedtoasachild,theywillgohungry.4.(2006安徽)Youmaykeepthebooksforseveralweekssothatyoucanhaveenoughtimetofinishit.5.(NMET2006)Ijustsmiledtomeandthought...6.(2006天津)Onthefirstdayofcamp,youcameuptomyselfwhileIwassittingalone.7.(2006江西)...yourlifeinyourcountryisquitedifferentfromme.8.(2006福建)Everybodysleepsintents,thatisveryexciting.theirTheyhethemmyselfmeminewhich(三)实施“四查法”

1.左顾右盼查名词｡考生应注意搜寻名词之前及其本身出现的错误,还要看该名词前面是否缺限定词?该用何种限定词?尤其要查名词前冠词的使用情况｡当名词前面有形容词修饰时更要加倍注意｡例如：

(2006浙江)YourknowledgesofGreececanhelpthewholeclass.(把knowledges改为knowledge)

五．见有特殊疑问句，查是否患有疑问词使用不当病。1.---Howmuchwasyourcar?---Iboughtthecaratacheapprice,only20000dollars.2.China’spopulationismorethananyothercountries’intheworld.六．见有名词和代词，查是否患有数、格、指代不一致病。1.Differentpeoplespeakdifferentlanguage.2.SomepeoplereadthebooksorwatchTV.3.Whatalovelyweatherwearehavingtoday!4.TheSmithsdidhisbesttohelpher.5.Ican’tforgetthegoodfoodyoucookedforI.lowlargerlanuagest/he/atheirme下面以2005年高考试题说明。DearMr.Brown，Iamwritingtothankyouwithyourkindhelp.Beforeyou 76.________cametoteachus,IhadnotinterestinEnglish.My 77.________pronunciationwasterribly.Icouldonlyspeakafew 78.________words.Butoneandahalfyearlater.Inowthink 79.________Englishfuntolearn.Igotalotfromyourencouraging 80.________words.Iwillalwaysrememberwhatyousaid,“if 81._________youtryto,youcanbeNo.l！”Ihopeyouhavehad 82._________pleasantjourneyhomeandwillcometoChina 83._________againsometimesinthefuture.Iwillwriteagainandsend84._________youthephotoswetaketogether.85._________4.文通理顺查逻辑｡“文通”指行文合乎英文词法､句法;“理顺”指行文逻辑符合人们普遍认可的道理｡例如：

(NMET2006Ⅱ,80)Theairkeepingtheballoonupwasescapingquicklyandtheballoonwascomingup.(把第二个up改为down)

总来说之,要想做好“短文改错”题,除了掌握上面讲的原则､做法､步骤之外,平时还要增强语言基础知识的学习,多做有针对性的训练｡(二)遵循“四原则”｡

1.改动处以最少为原则

“短文改错”题要求每行只能改动一处,改动的方法能够是增词､删词或换词,但无论作何种改动,只能是增加一词､减少一词或把一个词改成另一个词｡当然,没有错误的行无需改动｡也就是说,每行改动之处不能超过一个｡

(三)实施“四查法”

1.左顾右盼查名词｡考生应注意搜寻名词之前及其本身出现的错误,还要看该名词前面是否缺限定词?该用何种限定词?尤其要查名词前冠词的使用情况｡当名词前面有形容词修饰时更要加倍注意｡例如：

(2006浙江)YourknowledgesofGreececanhelpthewholeclass.(把knowledges改为knowledge)

一､“短文改错”题中的常见错误:(一)时态､语态方面的错误这类错误主要为现在时态与过去时态､主动语态与被动语态的误用｡做题时,应注意把握文中动词时态的呼应规律,注意把握诸个并列动词的时态､语态的呼应规律｡例如：1.(NMET2006)WehadguestslastnightwhohavenotstayedinaB&Bhotelbefore.2.(2006天津)Today,IgotaletterthatsaidIhadbeenadmittingtoacollege.3.(2006四川)Wehungasignonthefrontdoorthatwasread：“We’rehavingdinner...”4.(2006湖北)...sometimesallthatisneedissomeonetorelyon.5.(2006陕西)I’llsendmyfriendCharlietomeetyouattheairportwhenyouarrived.6.(2006安徽)...butyouarenotpermittotakethemout.

hadadmitted去掉wasneededarrivepermitted(二)主谓一致方面的错误这类错误主要指主语是第三人称单数时,谓语动词形式的错误｡所以做题时,要注意谓语动词的形式要和句子主语在人称和数上保持一致｡例如1.(2006四川)“Ijustwanttoknowwhatthesignsay.”2.(2006安徽)Anyonecanborrowbooksifheorshewish.3.(2006山西)HerearetheinformationaboutManchesterUniversity.4.(2006山东)WhatmaysurpriseyouarethatI’mgoingto...sayswishesisis

(三)名词方面的错误名词方面的错误多指名词单复数形式的误用,可数名词与不可数名词的错误,名词所有格中“‘s”的误置等｡例如：1.(NMET2006)Hehadnoideasthatthekitchenwasnotforguests.2.(2006四川)Insummer,theseaundertheblueskiesisevenmorebeautiful.3.(2006山东)...you’vebeensettleddowninBostonandaregettingusedtothelocalwaysoflife.4.(2006辽宁)...butshemarkedstrictlyonstudent’sactualperformance...5.(2006福建)Ifyouhaveinterestsinit,replytomesoon.ideaskywayStudents’interest

(四)冠词方面的错误这类错误多指a(n)与the的误用,a与an的误用｡有时也表现为：单数可数名词前面该用冠词的地方缺少冠词,不该用冠词的地方多了冠词｡例如：1.(NMET2006)AnAmericanandaFrenchmandecidedtocrosstheseabetweenFranceandEnglandintheballoonin1784.2.(2006辽宁)...thepopularteacherisatsametimetheonewhoshouldbestrictwith...3.(2006广东)Andifhebreaksthelawofsociety...,hemaygototheprison.4.(2006福建)...sowewillhaveplentyofsparetimetovisittheareaandhaveafun.5.(2006重庆)Withcomingofspring,grassandtreesturngreen.

aballoonthesametheathecoming/∕∕

(五)非谓语动词方面的错误这类错误多指v-ing与动词不定式之间的误用,现在分词与过去分词之间的误用｡例如：1.(NMET2006)Theairkeepstheballoonupwasescapingquicklyandtheballoon...2.(2006天津)Ijustwanttothankyouforhelpingmebecomingadifferentperson.3.(2006福建)Howaboutjoinus?Thecampisatthefootofasmallhill.4.(2006陕西)I’llsendmyfriendCharliemeetyouattheairport.keepingbecomejoiningtomeet

(六)连词方面的错误这类错误多指and,so,or,but之间的误用;while与when,however与therefore之间的误用｡例如：1.(NMET2006)Itstartedtorisehigheragain.Soitwasstilltooclosetothewater.2.(2006天津)Ibecameveryactivebutmadenewfriends.3.(2006重庆)Myhometownisaprettycity,sopeopletherearekindandpolite.4.(2006重庆)Whiletheyfindfishcometothesurface,theyflydownimmediately.5.(2006陕西)BothyourauntorIlookforwardtoseeingyouagain.6.(2006辽宁)Heandsheshouldmaketheclassveryactivebyjokingwiththestudents.ButandandWhenandor(七)形容词､副词方面的错误这类错误多指误用形容词修饰形容词,误用副词修饰名词,误用形容词修饰动词,误用形容词或副词的原级､比较级和最高级以及误用带-ly的副词与不带-ly的副词等｡例如：1.(NMET2006)Theycamebacklatelyandhadsometea.2.(2006天津)...youalwaysgavemespeciallyattention...3.(2006重庆)...theyflydownimmediateandcatchthemwithoutdelay.4.(2006江西)Yes,itisclearlythatyourlifeinyourcountryisquitedifferentfrom...5.(2006陕西)IknowyouareparticularinterestedinHumanRights.6.(2006辽宁)Lastyear,myEnglishteacherprovedtobethemorepopularinourschool.7.(2006浙江)Ihopethatyouthinkaboutmyrequestandvisitusassoonaspossibly.8.(2006山东)Wecouldchataboutthegoodolderdays.latespecialimmediatelyclearparticularlymostpossibleold

(八)介词方面的错误这类错误多指漏掉介词､多用介词或介词与其他词语搭配的错误等｡例如：1.(NMET2006)ThecrowdwaitingfortogreettheminEnglandwasverysurprised...2.(NMET2006)Hewaslookingforaglassthecupboard.3.(2006重庆)Afterautumnarrives,thecitylooksasanoldmanwithleaves...4.(2006广东)...hecannolongerexpectotherstopayhisfood,hisclothes...5.(2006四川)Onthefrontdoorstoodafive-year-oldboyfromacrossthestreet.6.(2006浙江)Couldyoushareyourexperienceforus?7.(2006安徽)Youarelimitedinacertainnumberofbooks.8.(2006湖北)Mymotherwasacareerwomanandhadherownproblemstotakecare.for∕∧inlike∧forAtwithto∧of短文改错课件

(九)代词方面的错误这类错误主要包括形容词性物主代词与名词性物主代词的误用,关系代词､连接代词的误用,代词主格与代词宾格的误用,代词单数与代词复数的误用,各个不定代词之间的误用,反身代词与代词宾格之间的误用,代词的指代错误等｡1.(NMET2006)...thementhrewawaymostofhisclothestosavethemselves.2.(2006重庆)Alotofwhitebirdscometomycityforfood.Icanwaitpatientlyabovetheseaforquitealong...3.(2006广东)Ifhespendsmostofhistimeplayingaboutinthewaythatheusedtoasachild,theywillgohungry.4.(2006安徽)Youmaykeepthebooksforseveralweekssothatyoucanhaveenoughtimetofinishit.5.(NMET2006)Ijustsmiledtomeandthought...6.(2006天津)Onthefirstdayofcamp,youcameuptomyselfwhileIwassittingalone.7.(2006江西)...yourlifeinyourcountryisquitedifferentfromme.8.(2006福建)Everybodysleepsintents,thatisveryexciting.theirTheyhethemmyselfmeminewhich二､解题技巧要想做好“短文改错”题,不妨试试分成“四步走”,遵循“四原则”,实施“四查法”｡具体做法如下：

(一)分成“四步走”｡

1.通读全文,了解大意｡注意语篇结构和行文逻辑｡不能在不了解文章大意的情况下,逐字逐行地实行修改｡

2.先易后难,缩小范围｡在通读全文的过程中,能够先把文中明显的错误找出来改正,然后再根据具体语境,仔细分析判断,将注意力集中在较难的句子上｡

3.把握句意,逐行判断｡可依据“动词形,名词数,注意形和副;非谓动词细辨别,习惯用法要记住;句子结构多分析,逻辑错误须注重”的口诀行事｡

4.再次通读,复查验证｡把绝大部分错误改正之后,如果还有拿不准的地方,就应再次通读全文,并利用语感来作最后的判断｡

纵观近几年的“短文改错”题,准确的地方一般只有一处;多词和缺词的地方约有3处;用错词的地方一般有6个,且多为动词｡这种比例或许也能协助你作出最后判断｡

(二)遵循“四原则”｡

1.改动处以最少为原则

“短文改错”题要求每行只能改动一处,改动的方法能够是增词､删词或换词,但无论作何种改动,只能是增加一词､减少一词或把一个词改成另一个词｡当然,没有错误的行无需改动｡也就是说,每行改动之处不能超过一个｡

短文改错课件2.虚词以添加或删除为原则

历年的“短文改错”题中需要添加或删除的地方差不多有3至4处｡这些需要添､删的词一般都是虚词(如冠词､介词等),不是实词(如动词､名词等),否则会改变句子的原意｡例如：

①Theydidnotwantbreakfastbecausethattheyweregoingoutearly...(删去that)

②Hewaslookingforaglassthecupboard.(the前面加in)

3.实词以改变词形为原则

在“短文改错”题中,一般仅仅改变实词的形式,而不能改变实词的词义,也不能将其改换成另一个实词,更不能随便增删｡例如：

①Theairkeepstheballoonupwasescapingquicklyandtheballoon...(把keeps改为keeping)

②Yes,itisclearlythatyourlifeinyourcountryisquitedifferentfrom...(把clearly改为clear)

4.以保持句子原意不变为原则

做“短文改错”题时,一般不应改变句子原意｡改错时,应该针对短文中的用词错误､语法错误､逻辑错误加以改正,不应大幅度更改作者的原意｡(三)实施“四查法”

1.左顾右盼查名词｡考生应注意搜寻名词之前及其本身出现的错误,还要看该名词前面是否缺限定词?该用何种限定词?尤其要查名词前冠词的使用情况｡当名词前面有形容词修饰时更要加倍注意｡例如：

(2006浙江)YourknowledgesofGreececanhelpthewholeclass.(把knowledges改为knowledge)

2.“语(态)”､“时(态)”俱进查动词｡考生应认真分析动词时态､语态的使用是否准确｡尤其要根据上下文所提供的时间信息,仔细推敲,从而选用准确的动词时态形式｡例如：

(2006天津)IgainedsomuchconfidencethatIgobacktoschool...(把go改为went)

3.启承转合查连词｡若要使文章结构严谨,应在文中使用各种启承转合的连词｡这些连词能使文章在结构上和意义上通顺流畅｡例如：

Itstartedtorisehigheragain.Soitwasstilltooclosetothewater.(把So改为But)

4.文通理顺查逻辑｡“文通”指行文合乎英文词法､句法;“理顺”指行文逻辑符合人们普遍认可的道理｡例如：

(NMET2006Ⅱ,80)Theairkeepingtheballoonupwasescapingquicklyandtheballoonwascomingup.(把第二个up改为down)

总来说之,要想做好“短文改错”题,除了掌握上面讲的原则､做法､步骤之外,平时还要增强语言基础知识的学习,多做有针对性的训练｡以下是短文改错题十种常见常考的检查情况：一．见有平行结构，查是否患有用词不一致或成分缺失而引起的句子不均衡病。.1.Thedoctorsuggestedplentyoffood,restandexercising.2.ShewaseatinghersandwichanddrankhermilkatthetablewhenIarrived.二．见有比较结构，查是否有形容词、副词的级，水准副词，比较的对象及冠词误用之病。1.Therearemoretreesinvillagesthancities.2.Peopleinthemodernworldgenerallylivemuchmorelongerthanpeopleinthepast.3.Insomeplacesyoumayborrowmanybooksasyouwant.exercisedrinking∧inmo/re∧as三．见有转折、因果、对比等句子结构，查是否患有行文逻辑不一致病。.1.Ilikesinging,mybrotherlikesdancing.2.Aladycametothewindowwiththeballandshoutedattheboy,andheranaway.3.Mr.Lee’scompanypublishesbooksandbuysbooksallovertheworld.四．见有多重句，查是否患有时态、语态混乱，引导词不当，成分缺失病。1.Ialwayswantedtoreturntothevillageaftermovingawayandisreallygreattoseemostofmyoldfriendsagain.2.TomasksMaryifsheknowsthemanisspeakingtoher.3.HelivesinBeijing,whereisthecapitalofChina.∧whilesosellswas∧whowhich五．见有特殊疑问句，查是否患有疑问词使用不当病。1.---Howmuchwasyourcar?---Iboughtthecaratacheapprice,only20000dollars.2.China’spopulationismorethananyothercountries’intheworld.六．见有名词和代词，查是否患有数、格、指代不一致病。1.Differentpeoplespeakdifferentlanguage.2.SomepeoplereadthebooksorwatchTV.3.Whatalovelyweatherwearehavingtoday!4.TheSmithsdidhisbesttohelpher.5.Ican’tforgetthegoodfoodyoucookedforI.lowlargerlanuagest/he/atheirme七.见有并列主语，从句作主语，不定代词、集合名词、非谓语动词作主语，时间、距离、金钱作主语，togetherwith等引导的成分修饰主语等，查是否患有主语不一致病。1.SheaswellasherbrotherarefondofstudyingEnglish.2.About2000dollarshavebeenspentinbuyingnewdressforhisbeautifulwifethisyear.八.见有短语、词组，查是否患有固定结构中副词、介词或冠词使用不当病1.Whenhecameback,hefoundsomeonehadbrokeninhishouse.2.SuddenlyIcaughtasightofmyEnglishteacher.ishasintoa／九.见有特殊动词，查是否患有非谓语动词或虚拟语气使用不当病。1.Hemademetopostaletterforhim.2.Don’tforgettakeyourumbrellawhenyouleavehere.3.Isuggestedgotherewithhimafterwork.4.Heorderedthattheworkmustbestartedatonce.十.见有非谓语动词作状语，查是否患有逻辑主语或逻辑宾语使用不当病。1.Ifitheated,watercanbechangedintosteam.2.Theboxistooheavyforthelittleboytocarryit.3.Visitinghimyesterday,Ilentthisboo