常用国际法词汇

常用国际法词汇Jusgentium万民法Lawofnations万国法PublicInternationallaw国际公法Oppenheim奥本海HugoGrotius胡果·格劳秀斯Universal//general//specialinternationallaw普遍/一般/特殊国际法Featuresofinternationallaw国际法的特征Naturesofinternationallaw国际法的性质Internationalcomity国际礼让codificationofinternationallaw国际法的编纂InternationalLawCommission（theILC）（联合国）国际法委员会EffectsofIL国际法的效力Thebasisofinternationallaw国际法的效力根据Naturalists自然法学派Positivists实在法学派Gratians格老秀斯派（Compromiseschool“折中”学派）socialsolidarityschool社会连带法学派normalism规范法学派theoryofpowerpolitics权力政治说theoryofpolicy-oriented政策定向说CongressofWestphalia威斯特伐利亚公会Martin丁韪良sourcesofinternationallaw国际法的渊源Internationalcustom国际习惯materialelement“物质因素”psychologicalelement“心理因素”generalpractice通例Usage惯例opiniojuris“法律确信”resolutionsofinternationalorganizations国际组织的决议Generalprinciplesoflaw一般法律原则judicialdecisions司法判例Theteachings//writingsofpublicists公法学家学说Contractualtreaty契约性条约Law-makingtreaty造法性条约ApplicationofIL国际法的适用Therelationshipbetweeninternationalanddomestic//municipallaw国际法与国内法的关系Monism一元论Dualism二元论adoption//incorporation采纳//纳入transformation转化（把国际法规则内容制定为国内法规则）国际法的基本原则Fundamentalprinciplesofinternationallawjuscogens强行法，亦称强制规律peremptorynormSovereignty主权Principleofsovereignequality主权平等原则principleofnon-intervention不干内政原则internalaffairs内政matterswithindomesticjurisdiction国内管辖之事件"Humanitarian"intervention“人道主义”干涉Principleofself-determination民族自决原则Thesubjectsofinternationallaw国际法主体Internationalpersonality国际人格者Permanentpopulation固定的居民Definedterritory确定的领土Government政府Unitarystate单一国Compositestates//unionofstates复合国//国家的联合Dependentcountry附属国Federation联邦Confederation联邦Permanentneutralizedstate永久中立国BritishCommonwealthofNations英联邦FrenchCommunity法兰西共同体Vassalstate附庸国Suzerainstate宗主国Protected//protectingstateFUNDAMENTALRIGHTSOFSTATES国家的基本权利Rightofindependence独立权Rightofequality平等权Rightofself-defense自卫权Rightofself-preservation自保权Rightofjurisdiction管辖权Territorialjurisdiction/jurisdictionbasedonresidence领域管辖/属地管辖Personaljurisdiction/jurisdictionbasedoncitizenship属人管辖/国籍管辖Protectivejurisdiction保护性管辖Universaljurisdiction普遍管辖Stateimmunity国家豁免权parinparemnonhabetimperium拉丁语，“平等者之间无管辖权”Thedoctrineofabsoluteimmunity绝对豁免原则Thedoctrineofrelativeorrestrictiveimmunity相对豁免原则RECOGNITIONANDSUCCESSIONrecognitionofstatesandgovernments国家和政府的承认Statessuccession国家继承territorialchange领土变更Unconstitutionalregimechange不合宪法的政权更迭Constitutivetheory构成说Declaratorytheory宣告说Dejurerecognition法律上承认Defactorecognition事实上承认Effectivecontrol有效统治Principleofeffectiveness有效统治原则doctrineofnon-recognition不承认主义，如，史汀生主义（theStimsondoctrine）Estradadoctrine艾斯特拉达主义——墨西哥的实践Recognitionofnationalliberationmovement民族解放运动组织的承认Insurgentbody叛乱团体Belligerentbody交战团体Personaltreaty人身条约dispositive//non-personaltreaties非人身条约Thecleans/platerule白板规则Stateproperty国家财产Statedebt国家债务Localizedstatedebt地方化债务maliciousdebt“恶债”Statearchives国家档案国际法律责任responsibilityininternationallawInternationallywrongfulacts国际不法行为internationalcrimes国际罪行subjectiveresponsibility主观责任说objectiveresponsibility客观责任说Imputability//attributability可归责性或可归因性limitationsofsovereignty限制主权restitution恢复原状compensation赔偿apology道歉liabilityforactsofinternationaldamage国际损害行为的责任activitiesnotprohibitedbyinternationallaw国际法不加禁止行为stateterritory国家领土Territory领土territorialsovereignty领土主权theacquisitionandchangeofterritory领土的取得与变更Occupation先占Terranullius无主地Effectiveoccupation有效占领Prescription时效Accretion添附Cession割让Conquest征服Plebiscite//referendum全民投票，又称全民公决Self-determinationofpeoples民族自决condominium共管lease租借Sphereofinfluence势力范围Internationalservitude国际地役Boundaryandfrontier边界与边境AntarcticTreatySystem“南极条约体系”Thesectorprinciple扇形原则Thelawofthesea海洋法TheUNConventionontheLawoftheSea《联合国海洋法公约》Territorialsea领海Normalbaseline正常基线，亦称“低潮线”thelowwaterlineStraightbaseline直线基线Innocentpassage无害通过ContiguousZone毗连区Exclusiveeconomiczone专属经济区（EEZ）Continentalshelf大陆架Transitpassage过境通行Internationalstraits国际海峡Transitpassage过境通行Archipelagicwaters群岛水域Archipelagicbaselines群岛基线freedomofthehighseas公海自由Flagsofconvenience方便旗Piracy海盗，海盗行为Rightofvisit登临权Rightofhotpursuit紧追权Internationalseabedarea国际海底区域Commonheritageofmankind人类共同继承财产Theparallelexploitationregime“平行开发制”InternationalSeabedAuthority国际海底管理局Internationalairlaw国际航空法Airspace空气空间Sovereigntyofterritorialairspace领空主权Stateaircraft国家航空器Civilaircraft民用航空器Scheduledflight定期飞行即航班飞行Non-scheduledflight不定期飞行即非航班飞行Hijacking空中劫持eitherextraditionorprosecutionprinciple或引渡或起诉OuterSpaceLaw外层空间法Outerspace外空Spacecraft航天器SpaceObjects空间物体Registrationsystem登记制度Theprincipleofstrictliability严格责任原则Theprincipleofliabilityfault过失责任原则Residentsofinternationallaw国际法上的居民Nationality国籍Originalnationality固有国籍或原始国籍Jussanguinis血统主义Jussoli出生地主义Acquirednationality继有国籍Naturalization入籍，旧称归化Doublenationality双重国籍Conflictofnationality国籍的抵触//冲突Statelessness无国籍Diplomaticprotection外交保护Exhaustionoflocalremendies用尽当地救济Passport护照Visa签证Nationaltreatment国民待遇Most-favored-nation-treatment最惠国待遇Differentialtreatment差别待遇Reciprocaltreatment互惠待遇Preferentialtreatment优惠待遇Extradition引渡Non-extraditionofpoliticaloffender政治犯不引渡Asylum庇护Politicalrefuge政治避难Territorialasylum域内庇护，亦称“领土庇护”Extraterritorialasylum域外庇护Diplomaticasylum“外交庇护”Refugeeidentity难民身份Principleofnon-refoulement不推回原则DiplomaticandConsularRelationsLaw外交和领事关系法Diplomaticrelations外交关系Consul领事Consularrelations领事关系Mission/embassy使馆Theheadofthemission使馆馆长Ambassador大使Minister公使chargéd'affaires（法）代办Personanongrata（拉）“不受欢迎的人”Unacceptableperson“不可接受的人”diplomaticprivilegesandimmunities外交特权与豁免Theoryofextra-territorialjurisdiction治外法权说Theoryofpersonalrepresentation代表说Theoryoffunctionalnecessity职务需要说DiplomaticCorps外交团SpecialMissions特别使团ConsularPrivilegesandImmunities领事特权与豁免THELAWOFTREATIES国际条约法Bilateraltreaties双边条约Multilateraltreaties多边条约Law-makingtreaty造法性条约Contractualtreaty契约性条约convention公//专约treaty条约agreement协定charter宪章covenant,statute盟约、规约(general//final)act(总//最后)文件(additional//final)protocol(附加//最后)议定书exchangeofnotes换文memorandumofunderstanding谅解备忘录declaration宣言jointdeclaration//statement联合声明jointcommunique联合公报constitution组织章程arrangement补充协定treaty-makingcapacity缔约能力treaty-makingpower缔约权conclusionandentryintoforceoftreaties条约的缔结和生效negotiation谈判initiating草签authentication认证(full)signature签署sanctionoftreaty核准ratification,acceptance,approval批准、接受、赞同fullrepresentative全权代表fullpower全权证书accession加入reservation保留pactasuntservanda约定必须信守（拉丁）applicationandinterpretationoftreaties适用与解释条约amendment,termination,suspen-sionofoperation条约的修改、终止与停止执行invalidityoftreaties条约的无效amendment/modification修正/改provisionalapplication暂时适用materialbreach重大违约fundamentalchangeofcircumstances情势根本变更PEACEFULSETTLEMENTOFINTERNATIONALDISPUTES国际争端法theprincipleofpeacefulsettlementofinternationaldisputesjusticiable//non-justiciabledispute可裁判的//不可裁判的争端amicable//compulsivesettlement和谐//强迫解决方法Politicalmethods//legalmethodsofsettlements政治//法律解决方法retortion反报reprisals报复pacificblockade平时封锁negotiation谈判consultation协商inquiry//investigation调查goodoffices斡旋mediation调停conciliation和解ThePermanentCourtofArbitration常设仲裁法院judicialsettlement司法解决PermanentCourtofInternationalJustice国际常设法院InternationalCourtofJustice国际法院Independentjudges独立法官Judgeadhoc“专案法官”或“特别法官”（specialjudge）Contentiousjurisdiction诉讼管辖权Advisoryjurisdiction咨询管辖权Voluntaryjurisdiction自愿管辖Conventionaljurisdiction协定管辖Optionalcompulsoryjurisdiction任意强制管辖Institutionofproceedings起诉written//oralproceedings书面//口头程序memorial诉状counter-memorial反诉状regionalagenciesorarrangements区域机关和区域办法国际组织法LeagueofNations（国际联盟）UnitedNations（UN）联合国ThepurposesandprinciplesoftheUnitedNations联合国的