PhrasesandClauses短语与从句课件

PhrasesandClausesTHEBUILDINGBLOCKSOFSENTENCES

PhrasesandClauses1PHRASE

agroupofwordsthatdoesnothavebothasubjectandaverb

PHRASE2CLAUSE

agroupofwordswithbothasubject&verb

CLAUSE3What’sthedifferencebetween

aphrase&aclause?What’sthedifferencebetween4INDEPENDENTCLAUSEacompletethoughtthatcanstandaloneINDEPENDENTCLAUSE5DEPENDENTCLAUSEgroupofwordswithbothasubjectandverb;cannotstandaloneoritisafragmentDEPENDENTCLAUSE6Independentclauses=afoundationandtheframeofthehouse.Independentclauses=afounda7dependentclauses=likethewindowsordoors(theyenhancewhatisalreadythere,butcan’tfunctionalone)dependentclauses=likethew8SentenceBuilding

Independent&DependentStartconstructingwith___________________.Improvesentencestructurebyadding_____________________.SentenceBuildingIndependent9ClauseIdentification

Crossofprepphrases.DoubleunderlineACTIONORBEINGverbs.

Singleunderlinethesubjects.

EachseparatesectionwithasubjectandverbisPROBABLYadifferentclause!5.IDENTIFYINDEPENDENTORDEPENDENTClauseIdentificationCrossof10DEPENDENTCLAUSESADJECTIVESTARTERS

1)THAT 2)WHO 3)WHOM 4)WHOSE 5)WHICHDEPENDENTCLAUSESADJECTIVESTA11EXAMPLESThedogwholivesbymeisnice.TheshowthatIwatchisgood.JerrySpinelliistheauthorwhowroteManiacMcGee.EXAMPLESThedogwholivesbym12DEPENDENTCLAUSESADVERBSTARTERSafter inorderthat untilalthough since whenas sothat wheneverbecause than wherebefore though whereverif unless whileDEPENDENTCLAUSESADVERBSTARTE13Examples1.AfterIdanced,2.Becausehewashungry,3.UntilIgetanA+,

4.WhenIgetmynewpony,

5.SinceIloveSpongeBob,

Examples1.AfterIdanced,14SENTENCETYPESSIMPLECOMPOUNDCOMPLEXCOMPOUND-COMPLEXSENTENCETYPESSIMPLE15SIMPLESENTENCE

oneindependentclause

IlikeSpongeBob.

SIMPLESENTENCE16COMPOUND

2ormoreindependentclauses

IlikeSpongeBob,and

IlikePlankton.

COMPOUND17COMPOUND

2ormoreindependentclauses

IlikeSpongeBob;IlikePlankton.COMPOUND18Howdowepunctuatecompoundsentences?

Semicolon2)Commaandaconjunction(FANBOYS)SpongeBobmakesKrabbypatties.

(jointhese)Theyarequitedelicious!

Howdowepunctuatecompounds19Twowaystopunctuatecompoundsentences!SpongeBobmakesKrabbypatties;theyaredelicious.SpongeBobmakesKrabbypatties,

andtheyaredelicious.Twowaystopunctuatecompound20COMPLEXdependent+independent

Because

hemakesmelaugh,

IlikeSpongeBob.

COMPLEX21DEPENDENTCLAUSEstartersADVERBSTARTERSafter inorderthat untilalthough since whenas sothat wheneverbecause than wherebefore though whereverif unless whileDEPENDENTCLAUSEstartersADVER22DEPENDENTCLAUSEstartersADJECTIVESTARTERS

1)THAT 2)WHO 3)WHOM 4)WHOSE 5)WHICHDEPENDENTCLAUSEstartersADJEC23What’sthedifference?AdjectiveAdjectivephraseAdjectiveclauseWhat’sthedifference?Adjectiv24DependentclausepunctuationAddacommawhenadependentclausestartsasentence!

Becausehemakesmelaugh,

IlikeSpongeBob.Dependentclausepunctuation25DependentclausepunctuationAddacommawhenadependentclausestartsasentence

WhenIwantentertainment,

IwatchSpongeBob.Dependentclausepunctuation26DependentclausepunctuationAddacommawhenadependentclausestartsasentence

IfIgetachoiceofshows,

IwatchSpongeBob.Dependentclausepunctuation27Dependentclausepunctuation

Donotuseacommawhenthedependentclausedoesnotbeginthesentence!

IlikeSpongeBob

becausehemakesmelaugh.Dependentclausepunctuation28Now,writecomplexsentences!

Startasentencewiththedependentclause.Then,rewritethesentencetoendwiththedependentclause.

Usethedependentclausestarter:when

Remember,yourclausemusthaveasubjectandaverb!

Now,writecomplexsentences!29Here’smyexample!WhenGaryrunsawayfromhome,SpongeBobisdevastated.SpongeBobisdevastatedwhenGaryrunsawayfromhome.Here’smyexample!WhenGaryru30Writetwomorecomplexsentences!Usethedependentclausestarter:

ifIf

youarehungry,youshouldvisittheKrustyKrab!YoushouldvisittheKrustyKrabifyouarehungry.Writetwomorecomplexsentenc31Couldyouturnourcomplexsentenceintoacompound-complexsentence?If

youarehungry,youshouldvisittheKrustyKrab!Couldyouturnourcomplexsen32COMPOUNDCOMPLEX2INDEPENDENT+

1DEPENDENT

COMPOUNDCOMPLEX33EXAMPLES

Becausetheymakemelaugh,

IlikeSpongeBob,

andIlikePlankton.EXAMPLESBecausetheymakeme34TurntheseintocomplexPatrickisannoying…PlanktonwantstheKrabbyPattyrecipe…TheHashslingingSlashervisitsTurntheseintocomplexPatrick35COMMASAFTERINTRODUCTORYWORDSAFTERINTRODUCTORYPHRASESAFTERINTRODUCTORYCLAUSESBETWEEN2INDEPENDENTCLAUSESBEFORETHECONJUNCTIONCOMMASAFTERINTRODUCTORYWORDS36IntroductoryWordsUnfortunately,Ilovechocolate.Therefore,Ieatitoften.Also,Ilikeicecream.But,Iamallergictoit.Thus,Ishouldnoteatit.Once,IsawaYettie.Next,IsawBigfoot.Finally,Icaughtaleprechaun!IntroductoryWordsUnfortunatel37IntroductoryPhrasesTobeornottobe,thatisthequestion.

Insidethesmallgarden,thereisagnome.(prepphrasesof4ormore)IntroductoryPhrasesTobeorn38IntroductoryDependentClausesWhenIgrowup,…BeforeIbecomepresident,…SinceIamsoshort,…UntilIstudyformytest,…IntroductoryDependentClauses39BETWEENINDEPENDENTSt.PatrickisthepatronsaintofIreland,buthewasoriginallyBritish.St.PatrickwascapturedbyIrishraiders,andheworkedasaslavefor6years.St.Patrickhadadreamtoescape,sohewalked200milestotheshore.

BETWEENINDEPENDENTSt.Patrick40谢谢！41谢谢！41PhrasesandClausesTHEBUILDINGBLOCKSOFSENTENCES

PhrasesandClauses42PHRASE

agroupofwordsthatdoesnothavebothasubjectandaverb

PHRASE43CLAUSE

agroupofwordswithbothasubject&verb

CLAUSE44What’sthedifferencebetween

aphrase&aclause?What’sthedifferencebetween45INDEPENDENTCLAUSEacompletethoughtthatcanstandaloneINDEPENDENTCLAUSE46DEPENDENTCLAUSEgroupofwordswithbothasubjectandverb;cannotstandaloneoritisafragmentDEPENDENTCLAUSE47Independentclauses=afoundationandtheframeofthehouse.Independentclauses=afounda48dependentclauses=likethewindowsordoors(theyenhancewhatisalreadythere,butcan’tfunctionalone)dependentclauses=likethew49SentenceBuilding

Independent&DependentStartconstructingwith___________________.Improvesentencestructurebyadding_____________________.SentenceBuildingIndependent50ClauseIdentification

Crossofprepphrases.DoubleunderlineACTIONORBEINGverbs.

Singleunderlinethesubjects.

EachseparatesectionwithasubjectandverbisPROBABLYadifferentclause!5.IDENTIFYINDEPENDENTORDEPENDENTClauseIdentificationCrossof51DEPENDENTCLAUSESADJECTIVESTARTERS

1)THAT 2)WHO 3)WHOM 4)WHOSE 5)WHICHDEPENDENTCLAUSESADJECTIVESTA52EXAMPLESThedogwholivesbymeisnice.TheshowthatIwatchisgood.JerrySpinelliistheauthorwhowroteManiacMcGee.EXAMPLESThedogwholivesbym53DEPENDENTCLAUSESADVERBSTARTERSafter inorderthat untilalthough since whenas sothat wheneverbecause than wherebefore though whereverif unless whileDEPENDENTCLAUSESADVERBSTARTE54Examples1.AfterIdanced,2.Becausehewashungry,3.UntilIgetanA+,

4.WhenIgetmynewpony,

5.SinceIloveSpongeBob,

Examples1.AfterIdanced,55SENTENCETYPESSIMPLECOMPOUNDCOMPLEXCOMPOUND-COMPLEXSENTENCETYPESSIMPLE56SIMPLESENTENCE

oneindependentclause

IlikeSpongeBob.

SIMPLESENTENCE57COMPOUND

2ormoreindependentclauses

IlikeSpongeBob,and

IlikePlankton.

COMPOUND58COMPOUND

2ormoreindependentclauses

IlikeSpongeBob;IlikePlankton.COMPOUND59Howdowepunctuatecompoundsentences?

Semicolon2)Commaandaconjunction(FANBOYS)SpongeBobmakesKrabbypatties.

(jointhese)Theyarequitedelicious!

Howdowepunctuatecompounds60Twowaystopunctuatecompoundsentences!SpongeBobmakesKrabbypatties;theyaredelicious.SpongeBobmakesKrabbypatties,

andtheyaredelicious.Twowaystopunctuatecompound61COMPLEXdependent+independent

Because

hemakesmelaugh,

IlikeSpongeBob.

COMPLEX62DEPENDENTCLAUSEstartersADVERBSTARTERSafter inorderthat untilalthough since whenas sothat wheneverbecause than wherebefore though whereverif unless whileDEPENDENTCLAUSEstartersADVER63DEPENDENTCLAUSEstartersADJECTIVESTARTERS

1)THAT 2)WHO 3)WHOM 4)WHOSE 5)WHICHDEPENDENTCLAUSEstartersADJEC64What’sthedifference?AdjectiveAdjectivephraseAdjectiveclauseWhat’sthedifference?Adjectiv65DependentclausepunctuationAddacommawhenadependentclausestartsasentence!

Becausehemakesmelaugh,

IlikeSpongeBob.Dependentclausepunctuation66DependentclausepunctuationAddacommawhenadependentclausestartsasentence

WhenIwantentertainment,

IwatchSpongeBob.Dependentclausepunctuation67DependentclausepunctuationAddacommawhenadependentclausestartsasentence

IfIgetachoiceofshows,

IwatchSpongeBob.Dependentclausepunctuation68Dependentclausepunctuation

Donotuseacommawhenthedependentclausedoesnotbeginthesentence!

IlikeSpongeBob

becausehemakesmelaugh.Dependentclausepunctuation69Now,writecomplexsentences!

Startasentencewiththedependentclause.Then,rewritethesentencetoendwiththedependentclause.

Usethedependentclausestarter:when

Remember,yourclausemusthaveasubjectandaverb!

Now,writecomplexsentences!70Here’smyexample!WhenGaryrunsawayfromhome,SpongeBobisdevastated.SpongeBobisdevastatedwhenGaryrunsawayfromhome.Here’smyexample!WhenGaryru71Writetwomorecomplexsentences!Usethedependentclausestarter:

ifIf

youarehungry,youshouldvisittheKrustyKrab!YoushouldvisittheKrustyKrabifyouarehungry.Writetwomorecomplexsentenc72Couldyouturnourcomplexsentenceintoacompound-complexsentence?If

youarehungry,youshouldvisittheKrustyKrab!Couldyouturnourcomplexsen73COMPOUNDCOMPLEX2INDEPENDENT+

1DEPENDENT

COMPOUNDCOMPLEX74EXAMPLES

Becausetheymakemelaugh,

IlikeSpongeBob,

andIlikePlankton.EXAMPLESBe