专业采矿词汇

采矿工程专业英语词汇手册[GlossaryofSpecialEnglishinMiningEngineering〕米矿工程专业内部讲义二零零七年三月ContentTOC\o"1-5"\h\z\o"CurrentDocument"Chapter3.1Miningmethod1.\o"CurrentDocument"Chapter3.2MinePreplanning1.\o"CurrentDocument"Minedevelopment3\o"CurrentDocument"Wallingsystemintroduction3\o"CurrentDocument"Groundcontrol.4\o"CurrentDocument"Chapter4.3Roofsupportsystem5\o"CurrentDocument"Longwallcoal-gettingmachine.5Conveyingsystem6\o"CurrentDocument"ventilationsystem7.\o"CurrentDocument"Chapter5Pillarsystem8.\o"CurrentDocument"Chapter6Roadwayexcavationandsupport9\o"CurrentDocument"Chapter7Novelminingmethods13Chapter3.1Miningmethodminingmethod采矿方法；miningoperation采矿作业；transportation运输；ventilation通风；groundcontrol顶板管理；thecostofpertonofcoal吨煤成本；recovery回采率；subsidev.subsidencen地表沉陷；subsidencecontrol地表沉陷控制cover覆盖层；overburden上覆地层；immediateroof直接顶；floor底板；dip〔Pitch〕倾角；hardness硬度；strength强度；cleavage解理；gas,methane瓦斯dailyoperation日常工作singleoperation单一工序unitoperation单元作业auxiliaryoperation辅助作业cuttingn.切割，掏槽；blastingn.爆破loadingn.装煤haulv.运输，搬运drainagen.排水powern.动力powerSupply动力供应communicationn.通讯Chapter3.2MinePreplanninglightingn.照明。disruptioninproduction停产；reductioninproduction减产；compromise折衷roomandpillar房柱式byfar到目前为止incommonwith••和•••——样undergroundmining井工开采outcrop露头，露出地面的岩层；crosscut联络巷、石门；drift平石同；entry平巷；developmentstage开拓阶段；productionstage生产阶段；face工作面。continuousminer连续采煤机；haulagecapacity运输能力；mainentry主巷。barrierpillar隔离煤柱；buttentry区段平巷；propertyline矿井边界线。shearer滚筒采煤机planer,Plow刨煤机surfacemining露天开采augermining螺旋钻开采rapidexcavation快速掘进hydraulicmining水力采矿undergroundgasification地下气化oceanmining海洋采矿Hercules【希、罗神】赫尔克里斯，大力神-->Herculean,adj.力气极大的；需要大力气的。herculeaneffort巨大的努力inadequacyn.不足，缺乏。transportationfacility运输设备inflationaryadj.通货膨胀的，通货膨胀引起的〈--inflationn.胀大，通货膨胀，（物价）暴涨〈--inflatev膨胀，充气。inflationaryprocess通货膨胀过程driveup抬高，提高driveinto掘进至U…befacedwith面临monumentaladj.［用以加强语气］非常的，极端的〈--monumentn.纪念碑coalreserve煤炭储量electromechanicaladj.机电的electro（电子的）+mechanical（机械的）electromechanicalmineoperation矿井机电作业staffv.雇用，聘用seasonv适用,适应coordinaten.坐标。v.〔使〕互相配合，〔使〕协调，调整。amultitude〔n.多数，多量〕of大量capitalinvestment基本建设投资。foremost最主要的，最重要的，IBillion=1,000,000,000即10亿。Mtmetricton公吨。453.5Mt=500milliontons0.907Mt=1milliontonputintooperation投产，投入使用raise筹集thelifeoftheproperty矿产/井的使用年限。commercialvalue市场价值，商业价值。forconvenience为了方便其见minability可采性marketability适销性，可销性coalreserve煤矿nominal，名义上的，极小的。option买卖选择权，优先购买权enterupon开始preliminaryexamination初步调查operatingmine生产矿井totheextentthat到达这种程度以致...；就...来说；在...方面来说；adjacentto邻近的surfacetopography地面地形，外表地形coalfield煤田measure层组coal-bearingmeasure含煤地层feature特征；地貌。structuralfeature构造特征surfaceimprovement地面上的改造tilledarea耕地reservoir水库powerline电力线，输电线reservationn.保留地；自然保护区onrecordn.留有记录的，记录在案的preferred优先〔选用〕的，首选的traverse导线。traversewithcompass罗盘定位。systemsurveying系统测量sampling采样haveabearingon对…有影n向，与...有关available有效的，可用的pricingschedule定价方案preparationtreatment洗选加工selectiveadj.有选择性的，选择的amasterplanofoperation总体生产计戈U。serveas用作，作为，起到…作用。basis基础，根据，依据since引导原因状语从句justify调整，证明，证明…是正确的，prospecting勘探drillingpattern钻孔布置，钻孔图式basicmap底图，基本地图logsheet钻孔柱状图tabularadj.<==tabletabularrecord表格记录operatingmanagement经营管理部门，经营管理lifeexpectancy预期使用年限，使用寿命deliveryofsupplies材料供应estimateofthecost成本估计salesdepartment销售部门Minedevelopmentportal井筒expectedlifeofthemine矿井的设计使用年限railhaulage轨道运输aswellas即••又…beof+n.具有•••〔性质〕drift平石同shaft立井，竖井slope斜井mainshaft主立井auxiliaryshaft副立井airshaft风井transferhouse中转煤仓headframe井架hoisthouse提升机房，绞车房skip箕斗cage罐笼cardump卸煤设备storagebin井底煤仓deplete耗尽、衰竭whetheror••是…还是---pressuredrop压降neteffect净效应，有效效应，实际结果capitalcost基建费用Chapter4.1Wallingsystemintroductionworkingface工作面coalface:采煤工作面interconnection:切眼panelentry：区段平巷gateentry：工作面顺槽headgate：区段皮带巷，运输巷tailgate:区段轨道巷，回风巷headentry：工作面运输巷〔下顺槽〕tailentry:工作面回风巷〔上顺槽〕bleederentry：区段回风巷cross-cut:联络巷gob,goaf：采空区end：端头Longwallmining长壁采矿法Shortwallmining短壁采矿法pillarsystem.柱式系统longwallminingonstrike走向长壁采煤方法mininginadvance/walladvancingmining前进式采煤方法mininginretreat/wallretreatingmining后退式采煤方法inclinedlongwallmining倾斜长壁开采underhandmining俯采overhandmining仰采Coalminingmachine,coal-gettingmachine采煤机；Shearer,滚筒采煤机Plow,planer刨煤机Faceconveyor工作面运输机Panline,"溜子"Chainconveyor链式运输机Scraperchainconveyor舌U板输送机Armoredchainconveyor铠装运输机Roofsupportsystem:顶板支护系统Frictionprops:摩擦支柱Frictionmetalprops:摩擦支柱Chapter4.2Groundcontrol工作面周围地层：Overlyingstrata上覆地层：Mainroof老顶，基本顶Immediateroof直接顶Gob采空区--Face—rib〔煤壁〕Floor底板Underlyingstrata下伏地层Groundcontrol顶板处理方式：〔1〕Caving;〔2〕Pack。Stable切口，机窝deadwork准备工作，非生产性工作。Mobilebeltconveyor可移式胶带运输机Noexception无一例夕卜regularmaintenancen.日常修理，定期检修Downtime停工期（由于损坏、修理等原因造成的停机时间），停工时间，停机时间Clearance空隙Immediateareaoftheface:工作面的直接Hydraulicprop:液压支柱Single/Individualhydraulicprop单体液压支柱Hydraulicpoweredself-advancedsupport:液压自移式支架roofsupport顶板支架stageloader-：转载机panelbeltconveyor区段皮带运输机electricalcontrol电力控制装置/设备hydraulicpump液压泵站blastminingtechnology爆破采煤工艺conventionallymechanizedminingtechnology普通机械化采煤fullymechanizedminingtechnology综合机械化采煤fullymechanizedminingwithsublevelcavingtechnology综采放顶煤方法区域Ribline煤壁线，腰线heading掘进头，平巷uptodip沿倾斜上行Compressionstrength压缩强度Underlyingstrata下伏地层bedseparation离层Onstrike沿走向Rad=radian,弧度Cleat解理Holdtrue有效，适用Halfbuttcutting半垂直切割Angleofattack冲角virginconditions原始条件；HarderroofstrataSoftercoalseauniformlydistributedstress,theoverburdenweightHarderfloorstratainducedbymining采动弓I起的Stressdistribution应力分布Deflect偏斜，偏转，挠曲，下垂Cavein冒顶，垮落Frontabutmentpressure前方支承压力Sideabutmentpressure侧向支承压力Rearabutmentpressure后方支承压力前方支承压力：分布范围：150mfirstfelt/occur出现，有反应，有感应；45—60mpickupslightly略有增长，略有加速；15—21mincreaserapidly迅速增长；1.5-5m支承压力峰值peakabutmentpressuremagnitudeofthepeakabutmentpressure峰值大小：1.5-5overburdernweight后方压力：verticalpressurefacearea：farbelowthecoverloadChapter4.3RoofsupportsystemFace-to-gobdistance控顶距，工作面到采空区的距离。Yieldpressure屈服压力supportresistance支架阻力Face-to-tipdistance端面距Precut预切割Frames节式支架Stroke行程Chocksupport垛式支架Double-actingram双作用千斤顶Webcut截深Shields掩护式支架Doublelink双键Lemniscate双纽线，四联杆gobarea：graduallyincreaseatlast：thecoverload范围：0.3-0.4theoverburdenthickness.NoabutmentpressureSideabutmentFirstfelt:Atthesametimeasthefrontabutmentpressure范围：fromtheribto1/3or1/4hlargestattheribside,decreaseexponentiallywithdistancefromribpositionofpeakpressure:0.015hMagnitudedependonthethicknessandlengthoftheimmediateroofhanginginthegob.Gobarea采空区稳定--slip,sag,separate--caveinFacearea工作面区SupporttheimmediateroofSolidcoal实体煤Longwallcoal-gettingmachineRoofcanopy顶梁Chock-Shield支撑掩护式支架leg,prop立柱canopy顶梁forwardcanopy前梁rearcanopy尾梁cavingshield掩护梁flipper,spaulingshield护帮板slider,jackboard插板ram,cylinder,jack千斤顶hose油管emulsion孚L化液valve阀supportyielding支架卸载miner,miningmachine采煤机continuousminer连续采煤机shearer滚筒采煤机motor电动机、马达electricmotor电机haulagegearcase牵弓I部gearhead传动部cutterdrumgearcase滚筒截割部bedplate底盘、底座controlunit控制装置chain链条Chapter4.5Conveyingsystemflexibleflightconveyor/facechainconveyor工作面可弯曲刮板输送机maincomponents主要部件drivehead机头部electricmotor电动机Hydrauliccoupling液力联轴器speedreducer减速器chainwheel/sprocket链轮driveheadframe机头架middlesections中间部linepan溜槽flight/scraper舌U板linkchain舌U板链endlesschain无极链机尾部tailend机尾架Driveendframe链轮sprocket附属装置auxiliarydrives/units挡煤板spillboard/spillplate（cowl罩，外壳）铲煤板rampplate千斤顶jackchainLongwallcoal-gettingmachineclassificationaccordingtochainarrangement双边链doublestrandoutboardchain三链triplestrandchainreducinggearbox减速箱pillboard挡煤板cowl挡煤板bit截齿drum滚筒ranging-arm摇臂gear齿轮track轨道geartrack齿轨gearcasen.齿轮箱Rotor转子单中链singlemiddlechain双中链doublemiddlechain新型刮板输送机侧卸式side-loadingfightconveyor垂直转弯式roller-curvefightconveyor转载机TransferconveyorAshortheavyflexibleflightconveyor桥式转载机〔bridge〕stageloader区段皮带输送机Maincomponents皮带belt托车昆roller支撑托车昆supportingroller机架frame传动装置driveunit电动机electricmotor联车由器coupling减速器speedreducer滚筒drum卸载滚筒unloadeddrum机尾导向滚筒tailguidedrum拉紧滚筒take-updrum机尾导向滚筒guidedrum拉紧装置take-upunits制动装置Brakingdevices采区运输系统：上山rise下山dipDipangle<15°beltconveyor15°vDipangle<25°chainconveyorDipangle>25°ceramicconveyor水平运输系统水平运输大巷horizontalhaulageentrybeltconveyor矿车trolleywagons机车locomotive电力机车trolleylocomotive蓄电池机车batterylocomotive矿车wagon固定箱式矿车FixedboxwagonTippingbucketwagonFrontunloadingwagon底卸式矿车Bottom-dumpwagon立井提升系统矿井提升系统Minehoistsystem提升机Enginehoist辛冈丝维Iwirerope天轮headsheave〔n.滑轮〕箕斗skip年甫助运输auxiliarytransportationTransportationofmaterial,equipment,wasteandpersonnel材料、设备、砰石、人员副井AuxiliaryshaftSimilartomainshaftventilationsystem罐笼Cagehoistcontainer斜井SlopeIntheslope,materialandequipmentareusuallytransportedbydirectropehoistandendlessropehoist.Whilethewasteistransportedbyskipandtrainaccordingtothedipangle.Thepersonnelaretransportedbyaspecialman-carintheslope.水平运输大巷horizontalhaulageentryElectriclocomotivehaulthewagonstotransportmaterial,equipment,waste.Electriclocomotivehaulthespecialman-carstotransportminers.采区上下山districtriseanddip1〕有极绳提升Directropehoistdipangle:8-22钢丝绳的一端与矿车相连，通过绞车〔winch〕放出和收回。2〕无极绳提升Endlessropehoistdipangle:<10区段运输Tailentry:wagons+wireropeOverheadmonorail单轨吊OverheadendlessropehoistTransferconveyor转载运输机Stageloader桥式转载机Rollercurveconveyor滚轴转弯运输机风机：Ventilationfan乏风：Dirtyair回风井：Returnshaft回风系统：进风井：Intakeshaft抽出式通风：ExhaustventilationWorkingface负压negativepressureIntakeworking压入式通风:Forcedventilation回风巷道：Returnroadway正压Positivepressure新鲜风：Freshair风机类型：Airflow离心式风机：Centrifugalfan；轴流式风机：Axialflowfan。通风设施：Ventilatingstructures风墙：Ventilationwall风门：Airdoor风桥：AirbridgeAirregulator防尘、灭尘:Dustsuppressionwaterspray洒水，mistspray喷雾固定滚筒双向截割采煤机fixed-drumbi-directionalshearer单滚筒可调高采煤机single-drumranging-armshearer双滚筒可调高采煤机double-dramChapter5Pillarsystem

ranging-armshearer矿井瓦斯：minegas瓦斯：gas,methane,firedampAllhazardousgasesinundergroundcoalmines,itsmajorcomponentisCH4.Colorless,odorless,nonpoisonous,Combustible.Itsdensityislessthanthatoftheair,soitoftenaccumulatesneartheroof.Gas/methanecontrol瓦斯控制Gassymine高瓦斯矿井Twodistinctphasesofoperation:Firstroomsandpillarsaredevelopedinasection.Thesecondisminingpillars.Twobasicminingmethods:Conventionalminingmethod.普通采煤方法Cutting掏槽atthebottomofthecoalseamahorizontalslotis6-9inch,5-7feetdeepDrilling车占眼theoptimumnumberandlocationofboreholescoalfragmentsafterblastingneithertoobignortoosmallforefficientloading.Blasting爆破explosivesareloadedintoeachboreholeanddetonatedn起爆Loading装煤shuttlecarsectionbeltconveyor.Twoshuttlecarsareused.roofbolting顶板锚杆支护为了充分发挥设备和人员的能力，至少同时掘进5个平行的巷道。由于生产环节多、分散，逐渐被连续采煤方法取代。

Continuousminingmethod.连续采煤方法continuousminer+shuttlecar连续采煤机+梭车工艺+sectionbeltconveyor+roofbolting间断运输工艺continuousminer+(intermediate)conveyors连续采煤机+输送机工艺+sectionbeltconveyor+roofbolting连续的运输工艺Pillarrecovery回收煤柱Therearethreemethodsofextractingpillars,open-endmethod,pocketandwingmethodandsplittingmethod.open-endmethod开端式pocketandwingmethod袋翼式splitting劈柱式pillarblockslifts/slices煤柱一一块一一切块Coalproperty煤矿Area盘区Setofentries巷道群Engineervt.设计Slough脱落，剥落，碎落；崩落，坍塌，滑坍lessen减少，减轻Crush压碎lift小煤块、Afunctionof是…的函数，随…而变。slice切块Relativestrength相对强度physicalconditionn.实际条件Clearance净空post柱子，支柱Blockofcoalstump煤柱Roomworkslab平板Cuttingconsequence切割顺序fender煤柱，窄煤柱Faceminingcycle工作面升米循坏handloading人工装载Miningpractice开米commonpractice惯例Colloquial[kE5lEukwiEl]adj.口语的，通concurrentlyn.同时发生地，并行地俗的inplace就地，原地；在地层内Dictate规定，制定rideover骑马来，…上Outline形成…轮廓masonryn.砖石工程，砖石建筑砌筑。Incorporate••-as••-Masonrystopping砌筑风墙Ample充足的，丰富的Canvasstopping帆布风帘solidworkLineBrattice纵向风障chainpillar巷道煤柱Loadingstation装车点Chapter6Roadwayexcavationandsupport1Roadwaysection巷道断面掘进drive,tunnel,excavate平巷掘进Drifting巷道掘进roadwayexcavation平巷掘进n.drifting沉井，凿井n.sinking上山掘进n.raising下山掘进n.1〕Theshapeofroadwaysection断面形状巷道断面形状主要取决于地层条件、服务年限和支护材料。Theshapeofroadwaysectiondependsmainlyonstrataconditions,theservinglifeandsupportingmaterials.井筒Shaft,circular大巷Mainentry,arched,horseshoe上山rise,ladder-shaped,trapezoidal顺槽Gateway,ladder-shaped,trapezoidal2〕Thesizeofroadwaysection断面尺寸巷道断面尺寸主要取决于巷道的用途。Thesizeofroadwaysectiondependsmainlyonitsuse.它取决于运输或提升设备或其它设备的尺寸，还要根据通风要求对巷道断面尺寸加以修改。Itisdependentonhaulageorhoistingequipmentorotherdevicesused,anditismodifiedaccordingtotheventilationrequirement.净宽，netwidth；净高netheight;净断面面积netsectionarea。Roadwayexcavationinrocks岩巷掘进炮掘，爆破掘进：blastingexcavation装岩，除渣：mucking掘进工艺包括主要作业和辅助作业，其中主要作业包括破岩、装岩、运输、支护，辅助作业包括通风、铺设轨道、挖掘排水沟、铺设管线等等。Theexcavationtechniqueconsistsofmainoperationsincludingbreaking,loading,haulageandsupport,andauxiliaryworkincludingventilation,layingthetrack,diggingditchesandlayingpipesetc.1〕Breaking破岩打眼放炮是目前应用最广泛的破岩方法。Drillingandblastingisthemostwidelyusedmethodofrockbreakingatpresent.〔1〕drillingDrilln.钻机气动轻型钻机，风钻Air-jackleg气腿式钻机Air-jacklegdrill架式钻机Drifter钻车，凿岩台车Jumbo,drillcarriage湿式钻进Wetdrilling干式钻进Drydrilling钻孑Lborehole〔2〕Blasting爆破炸药:Explosive装药：Loadexplosiveintheborehole,charge起爆：detonate雷管：detonator；电雷管：electricdetonator炮眼布置方式：drillingpattern掏槽眼：cuthole辅助眼：auxiliaryhole周边眼：trimhole顶眼：roofhole帮眼：flankhole底眼：Bottomhole起爆顺序：firingsequenceCutauxiliaryroof&flankbottomThetypeofexplosiveused,rockproperties,andmethodofloadingandsequenceoffiringtheholes,affectholedepth,diameter,alignmentandspacing.采用的炸药的类型、岩石的特性、装岩方法、各个钻孔的起爆顺序，这些都影响着钻孔深度、直径、排列和间距确实定。Ablastroundconsistsofcut,relief,breast,andtrimholes.一个爆破炮眼组包括掏槽眼、辅助眼、压眼和边界眼。2〕Excavationfaceventilation掘进面通风Fan风机Airpipe风筒3〕loadingandhaulage装岩和运输铲斗装岩机Shovelmucker耙斗装岩机Scrapermucker机车+矿车Locomotive+wagons4〕support支护Roadwayexcavationincoals煤巷掘进1〕conventionalexcavationofcoaldrift传统的煤层平巷掘进法Breakingisbymeansofdrillingandblasting.手持式电钻：handheldelectricdrillloading:handloading人工装煤scrapermucker：耙斗装煤机coalloader：装煤机扒抓，蟹抓2gathering-arms舌U板输送机:1scraperconveyor2〕综掘fullymechanizedexcavation〔1〕gatewaymachine平巷掘进机组成：掘进头，〔boom〕cutterhead,cuttinghead装煤装置：loadingmechanism扒抓，蟹抓gathering-arm舌U板输送机:scraperconveyorhaulage：皮带输送机:beltstage-loadermechanism履带行走装置:crawlertravelmechanism支撑千斤顶：supportingcylinders,用来固定机器othercylinders,controlcutterhead液控箱hydrauliccontrolbox操作：操作时，首先驱动履带行走装置，使得切削头碰到煤壁；然后，伸长导向千斤顶和后部千斤顶，支撑到巷道上；这样就固定住了掘进机。然后，切割头在掘进面底部的一侧钻入煤壁。操作水平摆动千斤顶，使切割头割到底部的另外一侧，这就在掘进面底部完成了一刀作业。操作升降千斤顶，使切割头向上割一定距离〔切割头的直径〕，然后用相同的方法再割第二刀。执行这个循环作业，直到割完整个断面。平巷掘进机可以掘出任何形状和尺寸的断面，如圆形、马蹄形、拱形和长方形。Gatewaymachinecanexcavateanysizeandshapeofcrosssection:circular,horseshoe,archedandrectangular.〔2〕continuousminer连续采煤机roofbolter锚杆安装机，锚杆机。Theroofbolterisarubber-tiredvehicleusedtodrillandinsertboltsintotherooftosupportit.锚杆机是一个用来打锚杆眼安装锚杆来支护顶板的机器，它是用胶轮行走的。Roa